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WORKS ISSUED BY

Zhc IDalUu^t Society.

THE VOYAGE

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN,
1613.

SECOND SERIES.
No. V.

THE ShoGUN IyEYASU.

THE VOYAG E

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS

JAPAN, I6I3.

<!?irttrD from (JTonlfm^Joriirg larrorirs

SIR ERNEST M. SATOW, K.C.M.G.,

Her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary atid Minister Plenipotentiary

to China, and late Her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary

and Minister PhmipotC7itiary to Japan.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY

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LONDON :
PRINTED AT THE BEDFORD I'RESS, 20 AND 21, BEDFORDBURY, W.C.

CONTENTS.

Preface.

. I'ACK

Introduction :

I. The Manuscript and its History . . . . i

II. How the East India Company came to think of trading

to Japan . . . . . . . iii

III. Saris's Previous Career; and his Instructions for the

Voyage . . . . . . . vii

IV. His Voyage from England to Bantam . . . xvii

V. European Commercial Enterprise in the Moluccas

previous to Saris's A'oyage .... xxv

VI. Saris's \'oyage from Bantam to Japan . . . xlii

• VII. Hirado ; its previous history as a commercial port . xliv

VIII. Saris's stay in Japan ..... li

IX. His Voyage Home and his Reception by the Company . Ivii

X. His Subsequent Career ..... Ixxiv

XI. Correspondence between King James I and Japanese
Potentates. Saris's Petition. The Privileges. The
Japanese Document in Purchas . . . Ixxvi

The JOURNAI, from Bantam to Japan and back to England . I

Appendix A. — Two Letters written by Saris on his return . 200
I. From the Cape, June i, 1614.
II. P>om Plymouth, October 17, 1614.

Appendix B.— Observations of Saris on the Eastern Trade,

compiled during his residence at Bantam as Factor . . 212

Index . . . . . . • .231

197793

VI CONTENTS.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

The Shogun Iyeyasu .... Frontispiece

(From a Painting by Kano Tanyu, 1641.)

The Japanese Version of Saris's revised Petition

FOR Privileges . . . * . . tofacepAxxx

(From Piirchas His Pilgrimes, vol. i, p. 375.)

Signature of John Saris ..../. Ixxxvii

MATSURA HO-IN, EX-DaIMIO of HiRADO . . to face p. ^o

The Shogun Hidetada .... to face p. 136

(From a Painting by an artist of the Kano school.
Date unknown, but apparently very early.)

Linschoten's Map of the Eastern Seas . . to face p. 192

(From the 1596 edition of the Voyage ofte Schipvacrt.)

PREFACE.

The MS. journal of Saris's voyage from Bantam to Jai)an
was transcribed for this volume by Miss Sainsbury, and the
copy carefully compared with the original by Mr. William
Foster, of the India Office. A great part of the material
used in the Introduction was either furnished or pointed
out by that gentleman, who kindly took the trouble of
copying a good deal of it from the old records of the
East India Company. A large debt of gratitude is further
due to him from the Editor for the useful notes he has con-
tributed to the work, for his invaluable assistance in correct-
ing the proofs, and for undertaking various other burdens
which usually devolve upon an editor.

To Professor Mikami Sanji, of the Imperial University,
Tokio, the Editor is indebted for copies of Japanese docu-
ments, and to Professor Riess, of the same institution, for
valuable suggestions and the loan of books. His thanks
are also due to the Hon. Matsura Atsushi for the portrait
of his ancestor which accompanies the volume, as well as
for notes on the family pedigree ; to Admiral Penrose
Fitzgerald, and Captain Ottley, R.N., for help in explaining
nautical terms, etc. ; to Mr. D. F. A. Hervey, C.M.G.,
Mr. W. P. Groeneveldt, and Mr. G. P. Rouffaer, for explana-
tions of Malay terms ; and to Professor R. K. Douglas, of
the British Museum, and Mons. Leon Van de Polder, of
the Netherlands Legation at Tokio, for similar assistance
in identifying the Chinese and Dutch words occurring in
the text. He has also been much indebted to Mr. W. G.
Aston, C.M.G., and Sir Frank Swettenham, K.C.M.G., for

VIII PREFACE.

friendly help of various kinds ; and to Dr. Murray, one of
the editors of A New English Dictionary, who was good
enough to permit him to see unpublished slips of that
monumental work.

The Index has been compiled by Miss H, F. Fenwick.

The portions included within square brackets in the
text have been taken from Purchas's published version of
the journal.

Amongst the strange and outlandish words in the text,
some being names of places, others those of persons, others
again those of textile fabrics, not a few have eluded the
endeavours of the Editor and his friends to identify and
elucidate them. Possibly these riddles might be solved if
life were long enough to devote a dozen years or more to
exploring the hidden corners of knowledge. That not being
a justifiable expectation, he can only offer an apology for
the imperfections of his work, which have taught him, at
least, to regard with sympathy the shortcomings of fellow-
workers in the same field.

London, August 15, 1900.

^ OF THE ^>'

UNJVERSIT
Oa °''

INTRODUCTION.

I. — The Manuscript and its History.

HE present volume contains Saris's
original journal of his vo}'age from
Bantam to Japan in 1613, and of his
stay in that country, printed from
the manuscript in the India Office
Records. To this have been added
from Purchas, Cocks's narrative of the events at Hirado
during Saris's absence on his journey to Court, some
extracts from Purchas's version of the journal which do
not appear in the MS., the abridged account of the home-
ward voyage of the Clove, and a trade report drawn up by
Saris during his residence at Bantam in 1605-09; also,
from the India Office Records, a letter written by him at
the Cape, and his report addressed to the East India
Company from Plymouth on his return.

" The journal preserved at the India Office (Marine
Records, No. xiv) is a volume of 135 folios, well written,
and containing, in the earlier portion, rough sketches, in a
green wash, of portions of the African coast. These are on
sheets inserted between the leaves of the Diary, and it is
possible that there were more of them, and that the rest
have been lost. It is, however, more like!)' that, as the
Diary itself was not finished, the later sketches were also
omitted.

11 INTRODUCTION.

" It is in Saris's own hand, as is proved by a comparison
with letters of his in the India Office. But that it is not
the original (rough) log seems to be certain, for the follow-
ing reasons : —

(i) It is unfinished, breaking off in the middle of a page
with no apparent reason.

(2) It omits many particulars given by Purchas in his
printed version, which was taken, he says, from the navi-
gator's " owne journall." Some of these may of course be
amplifications by Saris (who was evidently in communica-
tion with Purchas when the latter was preparing his work) ;
but others appear to be certainly from the original log.

(3) It is very uniformly written, apparently at leisure.
The writer has had time to print many words in " Old
English" characters.

(4) In some cases words are placed in brackets, as
though to supply defects in the original, e.g., " I appointed
the Boatswane to see [that] all [watcht], except," etc.

" There is no indication that this copy was ever in the
archives of the East India Company, who would of course
have received either the original log or a complete copy.
At present its history cannot be traced further back than
about the middle of the present century, when it was in
the possession of Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Best Jervis,
whose book-plate still adorns the volume. After his return
from India, that able and public-spirited officer formed a
scheme for printing at his own private press " a series of
valuable publications on the geography and statistics of
Asia, translated from various languages, and containing
the most important records of travellers to new regions"
{Life of TJiomas Best fcrvis, by his son, the Cavaliere
W. P. Jervis, London, 1898). The project vv^as given up after
the issue of the first volume ; but it seems probable that
Colonel Jervis had intended to include Saris's log in the
series, and had purchased the present copy with that end

INTRODUCTION. iii'

in view. The Cavalicrc Jervis has been kind ciU)UL;h to v^o
through his father's papers in the hope of learning how
he became possessed of the journal ; but, unfortunately,
nothing has been found relating to it. By 1877, when
Sir Clements Markham drew attention to it in his Preface
to T/ic Voyages of Sir James Lancaster (p. xii), the log had
found its way to the Topographical Depot of the War
Office, There are two accounts of how it got there. Sir
C. Markham {loc. cit.) states that it was bought by the Depot
from Mr. Kerslake, a Bristol bookseller ; but Mr. Danvers
(Preface to the List of the Lndia Office Marine Records) says
that it " was purchased by the War Office in 1857 for 26/.
from the executors of the late Colonel Jervis," and this is
probably correct. The later history is clear. Sir Clements
Markham's note having called attention to the matter, the
Secretary of State for War (the Right Hon. E. Stanhope,
M.P.)in August, 1889, ordered the journal to be transferred
to the India Office in order to make as complete as possible
the collection there preserved of the logs of the East India
Company's early voyages."^

II. — How THE East India Company Came to
Think of Trading to Japan.

It has been stated that it was the receipt of letters from
William Adams that gave the first impulse in PLngland to
an attempt to establish commercial relations with Japan.
This is, however, not correct. Already in 1580 Jackman
and Pet,2 two sea captains in the employ of the Muscovy
Company, started on a voyage to discover the North-East
Passage, their instructions being : " After reaching Quin.say

^ Transcribed from a memorandum furnished by Mr. William
Foster.

- Calendar of State Papers, East Indies, \o\. i, p. 61.

IV INTRODUCTION.

Haven [Hangchou] the chief city in Northern China ....
to take an opportunity to sail over to Japan, where
Christian men, Jesuits of many countries of Christendom,
and perhaps some EngHshmen " would be found. The
East India Company's charter is dated the last day of
1600 ; and in April, 1602, there was an agreement made
between the Company and one George Waymouth,
mariner, for a voyage by the North-West Passage to
Cathay, China, or Japan.^ This quest of a North- West
Passage, though always unsuccessful, was not readily
abandoned, and endured down to our own times, when it
was finally attained, but proved to be subject to so many
difficulties as to be practically valueless.

At the same time, however, the newborn spirit of enter-
prise was not to be daunted ; and after the defeat of the
Spanish Armada, the English were less than ever disposed
to admit the Spanish and Portuguese claims to divide the
newly-discovered Asiatic and American regions between
them. Whilst pursuing the will-of-the-wisp of a passage
round the north of the European and American continents,
they commenced trading to the Indies on their own account
by more direct routes that lay to the south. In 1577
Drake sailed through the Straits of Magellan, crossed over
from the west coast of North America to the Moluccas,
and thence returned home round the Cape of Good Hope.
In 1582 four vessels, under Edward Fenton, started for the
East Indies by way of the Cape or through the Straits of
Magellan, as might be found most convenient. They
returned after reaching the coast of Brazil. Nine years
later three ships, one of them commanded by Captain
(afterwards Sir) James Lancaster, sailed by the Cape route,
with a view to preying on Portuguese commerce in the
East Indies. One of his vessels had to be sent back from

^ First Letter-Book 0/ tlic East India Company, p. 24.

INTRODUCTION. V

the Cape, a second foundered at sea, and the third, after,
with much difficulty, reaching the West Indies on her
homeward voyag^e, was there lost. Another expedition,
consisting likewise of three ships, started forth in 1596,
but not a soul returned. Lancaster commanded a third
expedition which sailed in February, 1601, and returned
in September, 1603, having got as far as Bantam, in Java.^

In June, 1604, a licence was granted to Sir lulward
Michelborne and others to discover the countries of
Cathaia, China, Japan, Corea and Carnbaia. With him
as pilot sailed the famous navigator, John Davis, who was
killed in a desperate fight with Japanese pirates off the
coast of the Malay Peninsula. An interesting descrip-
tion of this affair is given at pp. 178-182 of TJic
Voyages and Works of John Davis, edited by Admiral
Albert H. Markham (Hakluyt Society, 1880). Henry
Middleton commanded the squadron sent on the " Second
Voyage " (1604) of the East India Company, with instruc-
tions to proceed as far as the Moluccas, but there was no
mention of Japan in his commission.

It will be seen further on that the first English navi-
gator who reached Japan was William Adams, who had
gone out as chief pilot of a Dutch squadron, and was cast
away there in 1600. Two of his companions, Quaecker-
naecq and van Santvoort, were enabled to leave Japan in
1605, and we cannot but believe that Adams seized this
opportunity to send letters to England, though none is
extant that can with any certainty be ascribed to that
period. Professor Riess conjectures, indeed, that the frag-
ment of a letter to his wife, without date, printed at p. 33 of
the Memorials of Japan, may have been written on this occa-
sion. In xAdams's letter of October 22, 1611, he says:
" .As yet, I think, no certain newes is knowncn, whether I

* Voyages of Sir James Lancaster, Kt., edited by Sir C. R. Markham
for the Hakluyt Society, 1877.

VI INTRODUCTION.

be living or dead." But, somehow or other, it had become
known that Adams was in Japan, for in his letter of
January 12, 161 3, addressed to Spalding at Bantam, he says
letters had been sent him by his wife and other good friends
out of England,^ of which he had received two that came
from London by the Globe, of the Seventh Voyage (sailed
January 3, 1611), written by Sir Thomas Smythe and his
friend John Stokle. These letters, though the seals had not
been broken, had been kept six or seven weeks from him, in
accordance with the policy of the Dutch East India Com-
pany, which forbad the transmission of private letters by
their ships. From the commission of Saris, dated April 4,
1611, it will be seen that Adams was known to be resi-
dent in Japan, and in great favour with its ruler. It is
possible, too, that Adams might have got letters home
through the Spaniards or Portuguese, to whom, he says in
his first extant letter, he had rendered useful services. It
is clear, however, that the project of opening up trade with
Japan did not originate in any suggestion of Adams, but
dated from a considerably earlier period even than his
arrival off the coast of Bungo in 1600. It should be
mentioned that, in the Company's instructions for the
Seventh Voyage, the principals of the latter were directed
to " take the oportunitie (from the most conuenient place
you shall arriue att) to send one or twoe of our Factors in
such conuenient shippinge as [you] may procure to carrie
his Maiesties lettres vnto the kinge of Japan, together with
such stocke of Marchandize and Comodities as wee haue
appointed our said principall Marchaunts to prouide for
that purpose " {First Letter-Book, p. 387). The letter thus
sent to " the kinge of Japan " is given at p. 426 of that
volume ; but, of course, it was never presented.

^ Apparently by the Brack and Leeuw met Pijlen, which arrived
at Hirado in 161 1 and 1612 respectively.

INTRODUCTION. vli

It will be seen that the memorandum containint^ Saris's
observations on the trade of Japan, printed as an appendix
to the present vokime, was compiled by him during his
residence at Bantam (in the course of it he speaks of " this
year 1608"); and there can be little doubt that his assumed
knowledge of the Japanese trade furnished the main motive
for appointing him to the command of a "voyage" w'hich
was to embrace that country in its scope. It may seem
strange that he makes no mention in this memorandum
of Adams, or of information received from him, but the
probable explanation is that Adams had not written to
Bantam. As there had been a factory there for several
years, it seems curious that he should be ignorant of the
fact ; \-et, from his letter of October 22, 161 1, he appears to
have heard but recently that " certaine English marchants
lye in the island of laua."

III. — Saris's Previous Career; and his In.struc-
TioNs for the Voyage.^

According to the inscription upon his tombstone, John
Saris was born in the year 1579 or 1580. He came of a
Yorkshire family, his great-grandfather, Humphre}- Saris,
being described as of " Tide," i.e., Tickhill, an ancient
town situated near Doncaster. The family arms — still to
be traced on the seals attached to five of John Saris's letters,
now in the India Office — were : a chevron between three
Saracens'^ heads couped at the neck. There are several
Saris pedigrees among the Harleian MSS. in the British
Museum (No. 1463, f 38/;; No. 1551, f loi ; No. 4964,
f lOi ; No. 6164, f. 46), and from these the following
genealogical table has been compiled :

^ The greater part of this section has been furnished Ijv Mr. Foster,
- Probably a punning allusion to the name.

Vlll INTRODUCTION.

Humphrey.

I
Edmund, buried at Horsham, =Joan, dr. of — Day, of Tide,
in Sussex. I co. York.

(I)

John, Joan, m. Edmund Lane,

of Sandwich. of London.

(2)

Katherine, dr. of=pThomas, of London,= Katherine, dr. of Henry

Edw. Lovell.

buried, 1588, in St.
Andrew Undershaft.

Chevall, Draper.

Joan, m. Richard Henry, JOHN. George, Richard.

Rush, of London, of Sussex.

It will be seen that Saris was the younger^ son, by his first
marriage, of a London citizen, who died while John was
still a child. In these circumstances it was natural that,
soon after coming of age, he should seek his fortune in the
East. Of his introduction to the newly-founded East
India Company we have no account, as the Court Minutes
for that period are missing. We know, however, that he
took part in the Second Voyage under Captain (afterwards
Sir) Henry Middleton, The fleet sailed from Gravesend,
March 25, 1604, and reached Bantam on December 23.
Here it divided, the Hector and Susan remaining at
Bantam to load pepper, while Middleton with the Dragon
and Ascension proceeded to the Moluccas, returning on
July 24, 1605. Whether Saris accompanied him thither
or spent the interval at Bantam is not known, but probably
the latter was the case. At any rate, when Middleton
sailed for England, in October, 1605, Saris remained at
Bantam among other factors, under Gabriel Towerson, his
pay being 3/. 6s. Sd. a month, or 40/. a year. His name
does not often occur in the records of the time. He is once
mentioned as " Master Sarys, merchant, who receiued a cut

^ Harl. MS. 1463 states that he was the elder, but this is contra-
dicted by the other pedigrees, and is in itself.unhkcly.

INTRODUCTION. IX

on the fore-finger with a sable in a brawl with the Dutch."^
A letter of his to the Company, dated Bantam, December 4,
1608,- gives some particulars about the goods which he
recommended should be sent out from England, and
mentions several previous letters, especially one of July 14,
160S; but none of these is extant. It was during this
time that he compiled a diary of events and other papers,^
of which the most interesting, on the trade of the Far East,
is given at the end of this volume. He gradually rose to
be Chief Factor, having, it would seem, succeeded to that
post when Towerson went home in the Dragon on
December 23, 1608. By this time, no doubt, Saris was
beginning to feel the need of a respite from his labours ;
and on October 4, 1609, he handed over charge to Augustin
Spalding, and sailed for England in the Hector^ arriving in
the Downs May 10, 16 10.

The volumes containing the Court minutes of the East
India Company from the beginning of 1610 to the end of
161 3 are missing, and nothing is known as to what took
place on his return, or of the details of his appointment
to command the next year's fleet. As already mentioned,
his long residence at Bantam and the diligence shown by
him in collecting useful information doubtless had their
part in determining the choice of the directors. It is
probable also that he had urged the desirability of
attempting to open up trade with Japan. Information
about that country he had, no doubt, been able to obtain
from Dutch acquaintances, derived from Melchor Van
Santvoort, who had been backwards and forwards more
than once between Japan and Patani, though he could
not have known the result of the Dutch expedition which
had been despatched to Japan from Johore in May, 1609."*

1 In Edmund Scot's Discourse of lava {Pitrchas, vol. i, pp. 164-185).

2 Letters Received by the East India Compatiy^ vol. i, p. 20.

^ See Purchas, vol. i, pp. 384-395. ^ See below, p. xlix.

X INTRODUCTION.

The following is an abstract of Saris's commission from
the Company, dated April 4, 1611 : — ^

"April 4, 161 1. — A Commission sett downe by us the Gouernor,
Deputy and Comittees for the Marchaunts of London tradeinge
to the East Indies, for better direccion of our loueinge freinds,
John Sairis, Captaine and cheefe Comander, and Gabriell Tower-
son, Captaine of the Hector, our principal! and cheefe Marchaunts,
and others the Marchaunts, Masters and Marriners in this our
intended eight Voyadge to the East Indies, which wee humblie
beseech Almightie God to prosper with a happie Conclusion."

1. Having prepared three ships for a voyage to the East
Indies, viz. :

The Clove - - James Foster, Master.

The Hector - - Thomas Fuller, „

The Thomas - - Richard Dawes, „

John Saris, geii (gentleman) is appointed " cheefe Captain and
Comander, to goe in the Cloue and to Comand all our said
shipps and the men in them .... not doubtinge butt thatt he
will soe behaue himselfe in his chardge as he may be both feared
and loued, and that he will with all his dilligence and endevors
prosecute our designes and labour to bringe this costlie voyadge
to a happie end."

2. Gabriel Towerson to be Captain of the Hector and men,
and Tempest Peacock to be chief merchant in the Thomas.

3. Prayers to be said morning and evening. The purser of
each ship has been furnished with a Bible, containing also the
book of Common Prayer, for this purpose.

4. Blasphemy, swearing, theft, drunkenness and other disorders
to be severely punished. Gaming to be strictly forbidden.

5. The ships to be kept clean and sweet.

6. Provisions to be husbanded and strictly accounted for.

7. Two Councils appointed :

{a) For special occasions of trade and merchandising : Saris,
Towerson, Peacock, Cocks, Ambrose Armeway, Rich. Wickham,
Edw. Camden, and George Ball.

{b) For seafaring causes : Saris, Towerson, the three Masters,
and their Mates.

8. Instructions to be framed for the ships keeping company,
and a rendezvous appointed in case of separation.

(gX " Contynueall and true Journalls" to be kept, not only by
tnexaptains, but by the merchants, pursers, masters and master's
mates; and these to be compared once or twice a week, "soe as
a perfect discourse may be sett downe to be presented to the

1 First Letter-Book of the East hidia Company, pp. 396-420.

INTRODUCTION. XI

Goueriior and Company when God shall grauntc them a safe
retourne, to be kept for better direccion of posteritie."

10. When watering, care to be taken that the men do not
injure or wrong the natives ; also that they do not surfeit them-
selves " in eatinge of fruites and fresh vietualls." Special care to
be taken to relieve the sick.

11. Men to be warned not to straggle from their companions
at the watering-places.

12. Order to be taken concerning the goods of any men dying
in the voyage. No man to be allowed to bring more goods
aboard than his chest will hold, and all these to be entered in
the purser's books on pain of confiscation.

13. Water casks to be filled with sea water when emptied of
fresh, to prevent " leakidge and mustines."

14. The shoals of Judea (Bassas da India) between Africa and
Madagascar to be avoided.

15. Whether to refresh at Saldania (Table Bay) or at St.
Augustine (Madagascar) is left to their discretion, but not to
endanger their arrival at the Bar of Surat by the end of September,
" which is the maine and principall scope of this our voyadge."
Wherever they water, they should stay as short a time as possible,
in order to have time to call at Socotra to refresh themselves and
to buy four tons of aloes.

16. At Socotra it is hoped they will meet with some " Guza-
itts," from whom they will learn whether Wm. Hawkins and the

Aher factors left at Surat are living, "as alsoe of the state of Sir
Henrie Middleton and of those shipps thatt went with him, and
in whatt state our busines there standeth, whereby you may the
jetter there gouerne yourselues for performance of our desires :
But yf the time of the Monsone be soe farr spent that you cannot
arriue att the Barr of Suratt by thend of September or Middle of
October next att the farthest, then wee will you to take the first
oportunitie either to saile to Aden or Mocha allias Mochowe
within the mouth of the red Sea, aboute some tenn leagues distant
from Aden as wee vnderstand. Att which porte of Mocha wee
haue herd that one of the shipps in the fourth voyadge^ hath
traded and where wee doubt not you may sell Cloth, leade. Iron,
Tynn, quicksiluer, for money or gould, for that wee thinke
Comodities will be too deare in that place (consideringe our
purpose that you goe to Suratt), except you may buy Cloues,
Maces or Nutmeggs att a reasonable rate, which are said to be
good Comodities att Suratt as well as here in England. In this
place you must spend the time till oportunitie doe serue to goe to
Suratt, which will not be till towards the end of August followinge,
soe as you may arriue there by the end of September, which we

^ The Asscntioru

Xll INTRODUCTION.

pray you to endevor by all possible meanes. Butt, stayinge att
Aden or Mocha, haue espetiall care that your men giue noe
offence to the people there, still keepinge good watch and stand-
inge vpon your guard, and that out of any danger of any Castle,
forte, or Gallies to preuent mischeefe."
17 and 18. Special instructions for Surat.

19. If sufficient goods can be obtained at Surat to lade all three
ships " wee will you to take that oportunitie to fraight them all and
lett them be retourned as aforesaid ; " if only two can be laden,
then the Hector 2a\^ Thomas are to be sent home under Towerson.
List of goods to be purchased at Surat. Calicoes, etc., suitable
for Priaman, Bantam, Banda, and the Moluccas to be bought and
shipped for those places.

20. Instructions as to goods to be sold and bought at Priaman.
" In performance of this busines remember still your purpose to
goe for Bantam and Banda, that you slipp not the oportunitie of
the Monson."

21. At Banda to purchase nutmegs and mace. A voyage may
also be made to the Moluccas to purchase cloves, while nutmegs,
etc., are being provided. Then to leave some factors and stock
at Banda, and return to Bantam and lade the goods provided
and " then in Gods name with all due speede to retourne for
England." :

If repulsed at Surat, or trade found unsuitable, then the ships
are to go to the Red Sea (if not visited already on the way). Any
vessels not laden there may be sent to Priaman, etc., as already
mentioned.

22. " Findinge faile of trade at Suratt," the " Guzaratts " should
be invited to bring their goods to Socotra. A factory may be left at
Mocha or some other place in the Red Sea, if thought expedient.
If the ships are forced all to go on to Bantam, then the Hector
and Thomas are to be laden there and sent home under Towerson,
as aforesaid. " In the search of which trade," an " island neare
Celebres " named " Makassa "^ is recommended to their notice,
as rice bought there may be carried to Banda, and will yield three
for one, to be invested in nutmegs and mace.

23. " Item, the Hector and Thomas beinge fraighted and sent
for England, then wee wishe you, Capt. John Sairis, to proceede
with the Clone diXi^, with all possible speede thatt you may, endevor
your course for Japan, haueinge before att Bantam or ellswhere
dilligently aduised, inquired and conferred with our Factors, or
any other the best meanes you may attaine vnto the knowledge,
whereby to inforrae your selfe for or concerninge our intended
voyadge to Japan, and to procure in any of those parts (yf you may)
some skilful! pilate experienced in those Coastes and take him

* Macassar.

INTRODUCTION. xiii

alonge with you, directinge your course from thence to Japan,
neglectinge noe tyme, butt takeinge the bcnefitt and aduanlage of
those Wynds and Monsons as you shall most certeinhe and irulie
informe your selues and learne that they blowe in their seasons."
Everywhere they are to enquire for safe harbours and places of
trade, and invite merchants thither, especially to Socotra, as
already mentioned.

24. " Item, and being arriued att Japan, wee desier you to vse
the best meanes to search out the most convenient and safest
harbour to trade in, where you may sell Cloth, leade, Iron, and
such other of our Natiue Comodities as by your obseruacion
you shall finde most vendible there, wherein you are to be very
spetially carefull, both whatt Colors and sortes of Cloth and for
whatt quantitie will there be vented, as alsoe to giue greate
chardge that your men offer noe offence to the people there, still
keepinge good watch and standinge vpon your guard, and that out
of the danger of any Castle, Forte, or other Gallies or friggotts,
to prevent any mischeefe that may happen, and to consult and
take good aduise with the rest of the Factors and espetiallie with
William Adams, an English man nowe resident there and in greate
favour with the kinge as wee heare, to desire his opinion whatt
course should be held, both for the delivery of his Maiesties letters
nowe sent, whatt presents are to [be] geuen, to whome, by
whome and in whatt manner the same is to be done, with all
dilligence that shall be requisitt, obserueing carefully the tymes in
keepinge the Monsons in all places wheare you shall trade, for
attayneinge to other portes, as occasion shall be offered. And
for presennts wee haue sent with you as appeareth in the In-
voice."

25. "Item, and as you shall receiue incourradgment in the
progresse of your affaires by the perswasion of the foresaid
William Adams grounded vpon his longe experience in those
partes and shall finde that ytt may be with saffetie, as beinge
protected vnder the authoritie of the kinge of the Country and
may proue Comodious and beneficiall for the good of the Com-
pany, Then with the Counsell of Richard Cockes and such
principall men as are in your shipp, you may aduise, resolue and
leaue such Factors as you in your discrecion shall thinke fitt with
such a quantitie of goods as shall be by you thought convenient
for the setlinge of a factorie and mainteyneing of a trade att
Japan, together with soe many and such sufficient Marriners to
attend them and guard our said goods as you shall finde to be
needful! and necessarie and to prouide them a good and stronge
howse for the better saffetie of such goods as shall be lefte there
in chardge with them. But yf you shall finde att Japan [no]
convenient meanes of ventinge our Comodities or the retourne of
proffitt not to answeare the length and difificultie of the voyadge,
or the dangers in i)rosecuteingc this trade to exceede without

xiv INTRODUCTION.

proporcion the advantage to be hoped, then you shall frame your
course and seeke vent for such Comodities as you haue either att
the MoUoccoes, Philippinas or any other places thereabouts,
whether you may be incourradged by any probable hopes of
peaceable and proffittable tradeinge. And yf att your departure
from Japan the said William Adams shall ymportune you to
transporte him into his natiue Countrie to visitt his wife and
Children, Wee pray you then to accomodate him with as con-
venient a Cabben as you may and all other necessaries which your
shipp may afford him."

26. Strict account to be kept of goods bought and sold, etc.

^hjJ "Item, for that voyadges of this Condicion and charge cannot
admitt any priuate trade, but whatsoeuer is atchiued by this
gcnerall and greate charge should be applied to the benefitt of the
whole Companie, Therefore wee sett ytt downe as an absolute
order that noe man, neither Captaines, Marchaunts, Masters or
Marriners or any other person or persons whatsoeuer in theis our
shipps doe trade or deale for any Marchandize whatsoeuer
which wee shall prouide for our retourne or any other sorte of
Marchandize more then will be conteyned within his proporcioned
Chest of allowaunce for this voyadge, and the same to be
registred in the pursers booke, to thend that yf any person die
vpon the voyadge, their freinds and Executors may knowe whatt
they had and take notice what is become of the same ; houldinge
ytt most vnreasonable that those that liue by our ymployment
should deale with the Comodities which wee labor to gett to
produce meanes for payment of their wages and defrayinge of the
chardges of this our greate and costlie voyadge."

28. Any person succeeding to higher office is not to have
increased wages, but to be referred to the Company to be rewarded
" att their retourne as they shall be found to haue deserued."
No factors, masters, mates, etc., may be removed except by order
of a council.

29. Cabins not to be altered or enlarged unless for cargo
purposes.

30. Watch to be kept lest pirates surprise the ships.

31. Unnecessary expense of shooting ordnance, at drinking of
healths, or on the captains or cape merchants going ashore,
strictly forbidden.

32. If Saris dies, Towerson is to take his place (if present). If
Towerson is not available, Cocks is to succeed. If neither be
there, then a box No. I delivered to Saris is to be opened, and
the name of the person who is to be appointed will be found
therein.

33. No private persons to be carried in the ships.

34. " Any faire birds or beasts, or any other rare thinge fitt for
vs to present to his Maiestie or any of the noble Lords that are
our honorable freinds," are to be carefully kept for this purpose.

INTRODUCTION. XV

35. To observe fit seasons for sailing, and if possible to reach
England on the return voyage in ISIay or June.

36. Although instructions have been given for trade at Surat,
etc., yet it is left to the discretion of the Captain and his council
to vary the course if good reason be found.

37. If deemed desirable, on reaching India, the ships may go
to Goga [on the Gulf of Cambay] instead of Surat.

38. Stores to be carefully accounted for.

39. To prevent private trade, factors, etc., are only to be paid
so much of their salaries as shall be necessary to provide apparel
(and that at the rate of 5^. the rial of eight), leaving the rest to
be paid in England.

40. Ships not to touch, outwards or homewards, at Falmouth,
Plymouth or Dartmouth, exxept in case of great necessity.

41. "For the better comforte and recreation" of the factors
resident in the Indies, the Company has sent " the works of that
worthic seruant of Christe Mr. Wm. Perkins, to enstruct their
mynds and feede their soules with thatt heauenlie foode of the
knowledge of the trueth of Gods word, and the booke of Martirs
in twoe voleumes, as alsoe Mr. Hackluits Voyadges to recreate their
spiritts with varietie of historic." These works are to be left at
the principal factory, "where wee requier that they should haue
espetiall care to sanctifie the Sabboth daye, and to reade vpon
those devyne books for the instruccion and comforte of all those
that shall be there remayninge."

42. In case of shipwreck, care should be taken to land the
money, or, if this be not possible, to buoy it in the sea till it can
be recovered.

43. Invoices of ships' cargoes to be sent by other ships, as also
particulars of goods left at Bantam.

It is clear from this commission that Saris was not sent
mainly to open up trade with Japan ; that was quite a
secondary object. His first business was to go to Surat,^
in order to follow up Middleton, who (the Company
hoped) had settled English trade at that port ; and if
sufficient lading could be obtained there, all three
ships were to return direct to England. If he could not
reach Surat that year, Saris was to fill in time by an
experimental voyage to Mocha. As we know, this was
what happened ; but the intended voyage to Surat the

1 In his journal, Saris says : "the main scope of this voyayc is for
Surat."

xvi INTRODUCTION.

following monsoon was, of course, rendered out of the
question by Middleton's hostile reception there, and the
measures taken by him (and Saris) to retaliate on the Indian
traders in the Red Sea.

The commission is rather carelessly drawn. Much of it
is copied, with slight alterations, from the commissions
issued for previous voyages.

Saris was also provided with two commissions from
King James : one giving him authority for the Clove, the
other for the whole fleet. No copy of either is known, but
they doubtless followed the lines of the commissions for
other voyages, which are printed in the First Letter-Book.
There are minutes of both in the Grant Book, Domestic,
James 1} at the Public Record Office, as follows : —

g Jac. /, JO March. A commission granted to John Sayers
to be captain of the sJiipp called the " Cloue," in a voyage to
the East Indyes sett fortJi by divers MarcJiants of London,
with autJiority to tise Marshall Lazv.

ig Aprill. A Commission Granted to JoJin Sayers to be
Captain of the shyppes called the " Clove," " Hector" and
" Thomas" i)i a voyage to the East Indyes, sett forth by
divers Marchants of London, witJi authority to use Marshall
Law.

In Saris's diary he notes that on April 8 he received
the King's commission, and that a week later (15th) he
received further the King's " letters pattens for the Com-
maund of the 3 shippes." It is clear, therefore, that the
date of the minute of the second grant is wrong. Probably
April 9 or 10 is meant.

These commissions were necessary, both as authority for
the voyage, and for the government of the crews, as only
thus could men be properly punished for serious crime.

^ P. 82 (in both cases).

IXTUOnUCTION.

IV.— Saris's Voyage from Enc;lani) to Bantam.'

It was on April i8, i6ii, that Saris sailed from the
Downs on his venture to the Far East. He had under his
command three ships, viz., the Clove, the Hector, and the
Thomas, of which the first and last were new vessels.
They carried crews of 89, 1 10, and 55 men respectively,
and in addition the Clove and Hector had on board four
" Indians" apiece, probably natives of Java, who had been
brought to England in the Third Voyage, and were now
returning home. The Clove, which was the flagship, was of
course under the direct charge of Saris himself, with James
Foster as master, and Richard Cocks as chief merchant ;
Gabriel Towerson commanded the Hector, with Thomas
Fuller as master ; while Tempest Peacock was captain,
and Richard Dawes master, of the remaining vessel.

Saris's narrative divides naturally into two distinct
portions : the first dealing with the voyage of the three
ships from England to Bantam, including their visit to the
Red Sea ; the second relating the further venture of the
Clove alone to Japan and back 'to England. Of these the
earlier portion is very detailed, and occupies a great
portion of the journal ; but it is of small interest from a
geographical point of view, and its principal incidents —
the abortive attempt to open up trade at Mocha, and the
subsequent wrangles with Sir Henry Middleton over the
Indian traders — have already been treated at some length
in a former publication of the Society ( Voyages of
Sir Ja)nes Lancaster) and in the fust volume of Letters
Received Jjy the East India Company. It has been con-
sidered advisable, therefore, to restrict the text of the
present work to the latter half of the voyage, which alone
was in any sense a pioneer expedition. Of the earlier

* This section has been contributed l^y Mr. Foster.

XVlli INTRODUCTION.

portion the following brief account, taken chiefly from
Saris's narrative as given in Purchas His Pilgrvnes (vol. i,
pp. 334 <?/ segg.), will perhaps be deemed sufficient.

The outward voyage was uneventful. The fleet crossed
the line on June 6, and reached Table Bay on August i.
After a stay of eight days the voyage was resumed, but
storms and the Agulhas current hindered them to such an
extent that it was October 26 before they got as far north
as the island of Mohilla, in the Comoro group. Though
unwilling to lose time, Saris judged it wise to put in here,
as many of his men were down with scurvy, and the water-
casks were running low. The English were well treated
by the natives, and before setting sail (November 3) Saris
gave the king a letter of commendation to show succeeding
visitors, receiving at the same time " a note under his hand
of friendship."

Socotra was sighted on February 16, 161 2, and on the
evening of the following day the fleet anchored in the road
of Tamarida. Cocks was sent ashore to visit the King,
who received him graciously and handed him a letter from
Sir Henry Middleton, dated September i, 161 1, relating
" his disadventures in the Red Sea by Turkish perfidie,"^

' Middleton had anchored at Mocha in November, 1610, with the
ships of the Sixth Voyat^e. The local authorities received him with
such apparent cordiality that he was induced to take up his residence
on shore, with the principal factors and many of the sailors. On the
28th of the month, however, while sitting at his door in the cool of the
evening, he was suddenly felled to the ground, bound and carried to
prison ; and the other Englishmen on shore (about sixty in number)
were similarly attacked, eight of them killed, and the remainder
captured and imprisoned. Simultaneously an attempt was made to
surprise the Darlinj^, but in this, fortunately, the Turks were repulsed
with loss. After a delay of three weeks, Middleton and thirty-four of
his companions were sent up in irons to Sana, the principal town of
the province, where the Pasha told them that they had been captured
by his orders, as he had received stringent instructions from Constan-
tinople, " if any more Englishmen or any other Christians did come
into those parts, to confiscate their ships and goods or to kill or
captivate all the men they could get into their power." Fear of the
English ships seems, however, to have restrained the Pasha from
extreme measures, and some native friends exerted themselves to

INTRODUCTION. XIX

and warning all succeeding ships not to venture in that
direction, as the Pasha of Sana had strict instructions to
kill all Christians entering the Red Sea, whether they
brought a safe-conduct or not.

This news placed Saris in a difficulty. He had stringent
orders to visit Surat before going on to Bantam ; but it
would be six months before the monsoon would serve for
that port, and what was to be done in the meantime ? The
Company had directed that in such a case the ships should
go to Aden or Mocha, and for that purpose had procured
through the English ambassador at Constantinople a special
pass from the Grand Signor authorising them to trade in
" the Dominions of Yemen, Aden and Moha, and the parts
adioyning thereunto ;"^ but Middleton's experience seemed
to shew that an attempt in that direction would not only
be fruitless but positively dangerous. In this difficulty
Saris assembled his " merchandising council," and placed
before them three alternatives: (i) the fleet to remain at
Socotra till the monsoon served for Surat ; (2) the Clove \.o
proceed at once to Bantam and Japan, while the remaining

smooth over matters, with the result that on February 17, 161 1, the
captives were permitted to return to Mocha, on the understanding
that thirty of their number (including Aliddleton) should be detained
there as hostages until the traders from India had reached that port
unmolested ; then they were to be sent on board their ships and take
their departure, with a warning never again to venture into the for-
bidden waters. At Mocha Middleton nas well treated, but after
waiting two months without seeing any sign of the promised release,
he determined to make his escape. This was effected by a stratagem
on May 11 ; and once on board the Darling, his threats "to fire the
ships in the road and do my best to batter the towne about his eares"
induced the Governor to surrender the rest of the prisoners, and to
pay eighteen thousand rials "for satisfaction of all our goods and
losses sustayned." This done, the fleet sailed in the early part of
July, 161 1. Socotra was reached on August 30, and four days later
Middleton sailed for Surat, leaving " letters with the King which hee
promised to deliuer to the first English ship that should come there.''

* The pass is printed in PurcJms His Pil^riines, vol. i, p. 344, and
in The First Letter-Book of the East India Coiiipany, p. 434. Purchas
says in a marginal note (p. 274) that Saris presented the original
to him.

C 2

XX INTkODUCTION.

vessels waited at Socotra until they could get to Surat ;
(3) the fleet to go to the Red Sea, in spite of Middleton's
warning, on the chance that the Grand Signor's pass would
procure them a better reception. Saris himself was in
favour of the last proposition, and he had little difficulty in
persuading his colleagues to take the same view. Accord-
ingly, on March i the fleet set sail, and on the i6th it passed
the Straits and anchored in Mocha Road.

There they learned that the Governor who had treated
Middleton so badly had been replaced by a Greek
renegade, who was reported to be more favourable to
merchants than his predecessor. Cocks and a companion
landed, and were well received ; and a letter promising
good treatment was sent on board.^ Accordingly, on
March 20, two hostages having been received, Saris
landed in state and was sumptuously entertained by the
Governor, to whom he delivered a letter from King James,
and exhibited the Grand Signor's pass. In view of the
near approach of the Indian trading ships — who might fear
to venture in, unless sure that the English intended them
no harm — the local officials were evidently anxious to
conciliate the newcomers, and Saris " reckoned himselfe
sure of Trade," and had " great hope we might leave a
Factorye." These hopes, however, were quickly dissipated
by the receipt of a note from Sir Henry Middleton,
announcing his return to the Red Sea, and warning Saris
to get his men and goods aboard without delay. Middleton
had been repulsed at Surat, and had consequently deter-
mined to lie in wait for the Indian traders, and to force
them to exchange their goods for English, " wee hauing

1 Purchas gives a translation of the Governor's letter ; also three
cuts of seals from a letter of the " Captain of the Galleys" and a por-
tion of a communication from the Shiihbandar of Mocha " in the
Banian hand and language." The last-mentioned (which, by the way,
is printed upside-down) is probably the earliest specimen of Gujaratf
to be found in nn Kni^lisli liook.

INTRODUCTION. XXI

come so farre with commodities fittintj their Countrie,
nowhere else in India vendable ; " and further, "to take
some reuenge of the great and v^nsuffcrable wrongs and
iniuries done me by the Turkes there."^ As Middleton had
already taken some of the Indian vessels and had thus put
trade out of the question, Saris had no option but to
comply, and on April 12 he weighed and proceeded to the
Straits to discuss matters with his former chief The
conference was a stormy one. Middleton was evident!}'
anno}'ed at the prospect of having to share his booty with
aiu'one ; and he coolly proposed that he should first take
what he wanted from the Indian traders, and that then
Saris should help himself. This proposal Saris refused as
unjust, and threatened to sail to windward and to intercept
some of the vessels then expected ; to which Middleton
replied angrily that if this were attempted, he would sink
him without ceremony. In the end an agreement was
arrived at that both fleets should join in capturing Indian
ships and in forcibly bartering cargoes with them, sharing in
the proportion of two-thirds for the Sixth Voyage and one-
third for the Eighth Voyage. Evidenth- Saris still hoped
to be allowed trade at Mocha, for, with a view to conciliate
the officials there, it was stipulated that the Grand Signor
was " to haue his Custome paid " — of course at the expense
of the unfortunate Indian traders. 'Vhc Htxtor ?^v\d T/ioiiias
accordingly joined in the blockade, while Saris returned in
the Clove to Mocha to purchase some indigo which had been
offered to him. The Governor, though aware of the wrongs
which were being done to his co-religionists, evinced no
hostility to the English, and even made some show of
buying their commodities. This, however, came to nothing,
as also the intended purchase of indigo, for which too high
a price was asked ; and on April 25 Saris moved over to

' Middleton's account in Purf/ias,'\'o\. i, p. 272.

XXll INTRODUCTION.

Assab, where he found Middleton and Towerson, with
eleven sail of Indian "junks."

Soon after his arrival Saris had to face an outbreak on
the Hector, due, it would seem, to the dissatisfaction of the
men with the victuals supplied. In the course of this
mutiny, Thomas Fuller, the master, so far forgot himself
as to strike Saris, and had it not been for the firmness,
and at the same time forbearance, displayed by the latter,
things would have taken a very serious turn. Fuller was
seized and put in irons, and Richard Dawes was trans-
ferred from the Thomas to the Hector to take his place ;
while Richard Rowe was promoted to the vacancy in the
former vessel.

This difficulty surmounted, another presented itself in
the shape of a demand by Sir Henry that Saris should not
take any calicoes from the Indian ships, on the ground that
this would enable him to spoil Middleton's market in the
Eastern seas. Saris of course resisted this unreasonable
claim, which was thereupon waived. The forced exchange
of commodities now went briskly on, the rates both for
Indian and English goods being fixed by certain officers
representing the two Voyages. The English wares, it
appears, they rated at one hundred per cent, above cost
price, except in the case of ivory, on which only fifty
per cent, advance was made ; while ten, and in some cases
twenty, per cent, profit was allowed on the calicoes, etc.,
taken from the Gujarati's.^

Meanwhile Middleton had demanded a hundred thousand
rials from the Mocha officials (in addition to what had
been already paid him), as " satisfaction for the losse
of his mens Hues and for the making of him lose his
Monson, to the overthrow of his Voyage ;" and he threat-
ened to detain the Indian ships until the amount was

^ See Letters Received, vol. i, p. 169.

INTRODUCTION. XXni

paid. This led to a further dispute with Saris, who inti-
mated that, as his prospects of peaceful trade at Mocha had
been destroyed by Sir I lenry's return to the Red Sea, he also
must claim compensation, which he thought should take
the .shape (as in the case of the Indian traders) of one-third
of what was obtained. This proposal was violently resisted,
but in the end, finding himself without remedy, Middleton
agreed to let Saris have one- fourth part of the money,
leaving the Company to settle whether a larger proportion
should be paid. But it proved to be easier to decide how
the expected sum should be divided when obtained, than
actually to obtain it. The Turks resolutely refused to pay,
and were deaf to the suggestion that they could easily
recoup themselves by levying a special tax upon the
Indian vessels. Middleton was forced, therefore, either to
go without or to extort a ransom from his captives. He
chose the latter alternative, and from these luckless indi-
viduals, already much wronged by the forced exchange of
their goods for others they did not want, he demanded
forty thousand rials, threatening, unless the money were
paid, to carr)' the ships away with him. The tidkhudds
wept and implored mercy, but in vain ; and at last, finding
him inexorable, they compounded for thirty-two thousand
rials, one-fourth of which was made over to Saris in accord-
ance with the agreement, and the vessels were then set free.
The jealousy of the two commanders was still smoulder-
ing, and each was on the watch to forestall the other in the
markets of the Far East. As far back as May 19, Middle-
ton had sent away the Darling, his smallest vessel, with
orders to proceed to Priaman, in Sumatra, and purchase
what pepper she found available. Saris replied, four days
later, by despatching the T/iojnas to the same destination ;
and on August 8 the Hector also started for Priaman and
Tiku. As soon as he had received his share of the plunder,
Saris prepared to follow, and on August 13 he sailed for

XXIV INTRODUCTION.

Bantam. At Socotra he stayed for five days to purchase
aloes. The voyage was then resumed ; Cape Comorin was
passed at the end of September, and on October 24 the
Clove anchored in Bantam Road, where she found the
Hector, which had arrived the previous day. The Thomas
came in on November 18 with a small quantit}' of pepper,
obtained at Tiku.

The James, another English ship, was already in the
Road, and more were expected. The result was seen in a
great rise in the price of pepper. Saris's needs, however,
were urgent ; and on October 28 (when " a Letter from
Master William Adams out of Japan^ was read to all the
Merchants, that they might take notice of the hopes of that
countrey"), it was resolved that " in regard the Flemmings
were so strongf and almost sole commanders of the Moluccas
and Banda, and that the place heere is so vnhealthfull,
besides our people dangerously disordering themselues with
drinke and whores ashoare, the Hector should with all speed
bee dispatched for England, and that fourteene thousand
sackes of Pepper should be prouided for the lading of her
and the Thomas." To look after these matters and to
provide a cargo for the Cioz'e on her return from Japan,
Saris established a factory ashore under George Camden. -

Preparations for the further venture to Japan were
rapidly pushed forward, the more so since Middleton, who
arrived on November 9 in the Peppercorn, was believed to
be negotiating for the purchase of a ship with the intention
of forestalling Saris. To fill the gaps which death had
made in his crew, the latter recruited five Englishmen
whom he found at Bantam ; later on he engaged a " Swart"

1 This was no doubt the letter dated October 22 or 23, 161 1, printed
in Rundall's Memorials of the Empire of Japoi, and again in Letters
Received, vol. i, p. 142. It was handed to Saris on Oct. 28 by Augustine
Spalding, the Company's chief merchant at Bantam.

- Several letters from Saris to Camden at this time will be found in
Letters Ixeceii'ed, \ol. i.

INTRODUCTION. XXV

named Francisco, two foreigners named Fernando and
Mendes, and "one Hernando [Ximenes], a Spannyard, . , .
speaking the Mallaya tongue verye perfect." He had also
to pacify his sailors, who were again complaining of their
food, alleging that he stinted them " to purchas [himself] a
good conceite of the Company by sparing of there purses."
Perhaps it was with a view of rebutting this calumny that
he was so careful (as the text will show) to note each day
what victuals were issued to the men.

At last all matters were satisfactorily settled, and Saris
was ready to proceed. He waited only to see his other
two vessels safely despatched to England. Their ladings
having been completed, the Hector set sail on December 1 1,
1612, with orders to wait at the watering-place for the
Thomas; and on January 12, 161 3, her con.sort followed
her. Saris had previously " ordered four hole culuerin out
of the Hector and two sakers out of the Thomas to be
brought aboard the Cloaue, vnderstandinge by a Fleming
which came latelye from Japan that it was one of the
requested commodytyes they carryed theather and chiefe
cause of obtai[n]ing the settling of a factorye theare, being
a matter was at there first arriuall inquired for," Thus
provided, on January, 15^ J613, Saris left Bantam Road on
his voyage to the Moluccas and Japan.

v. — European Commercial Enterprise in the
Moluccas previous to Saris's Voyage.^
In the earlier portion of his journal Saris tells us some-
thing of the more recent history of the Molucca islands,

1 In the preparation of this section the editor has mainly followed
Pjokemeyer's learned work, Die MoluL'ken, comparing it from time to
time, especially in the latter portion, with the more detailed narrative
of P. A. Tiele, to which reference has been made in the notes. He has
alsocjuoted freely fnun the volumes publislietl by the Ilakluyt Society.

XXVI INTRODUCTION.

and of the contest between the Dutch and Spaniards, not
then as yet concluded, for the possession of the group. We
gather from his narrative that the Dutch had a fort on
Bachian,^ several on Makyan,- and one, named Marieko,^
on the western side of Tidore, while the Spaniards held one
on the eastern side of that island* and a castle on Ternate.^
He also speaks of warfare between the native princes of
Tidore and Ternate. When his journal was being prepared
for publication by Purchas, Saris added a general sketch
of the state of the islands, enumerating the settlements
possessed by the two contending parties, which has been
inserted in its proper place in the present volume.^ This
was apparently drawn up from information that came into
his possession after his visit to the islands, as it includes
the names of the Dutch settlements on Ternate and Mak-
yan, which are not mentioned in the MS.

The existence of the islands which furnished the spices
so highly valued in Europe had long been a matter of
general knowledge, but their approximate situation was
first ascertained after the capture of Malacca in -£6t* by
the Portuguese under Albuquerque. One of his first
measures was the despatch of a small squadron to effect
their discovery, under Francisco Serrano, Antonio d'Abreu,
and Simao Affonso. They reached the Banda group,
whence the first-named of these, having twice suffered ship-
wreck, made his way to Amboina, and ultimately to
Ternate.

At this time the Spice Islands were divided among four
native sovereigns : ist, the King of Ternate, whose autho-
rity extended over the south part of Mindanao, the Talaut
and Sangi groups, the Togean islands, the east and north
coasts of Celebes, the Bangaai archipelago, a large part of

1 p. 21.
4 P. 50.

2 P. 38.
S P. 63.

3 P. 57.
« P. 58.

INTROnUCTION. XXVll

Halmahera,^ March, Makyan, Motir, the Sula Islands, and
the greater portion of the Amboina group. 2nd, the King
of Tidore, recognized as suzerain over the east coast of
Hahnahera, the east coast of Ceram and the islands to the
east of the latter, Salwatti, Battanta and Waigiu, west of
New Guinea, and the western part of that island. 3rd, the
King of Bachian, with Ombi Major, Ombi-latu and the
surrounding islets. 4th, the King of Gilolo or Halmahcra,
who at the time of the first Portuguese visit was a vassal
of the King of Ternate.-

Serrano gained the friendship of the King of Ternate,
and permission to trade was readily accorded to the Por-
tuguese. A squadron from Malacca, under the command
of Antonio de Miranda, visited the island and obtained a
valuable cargo. It would appear that the Kings of Tidore
and Bachian were also disposed to be friendly at the out-
set, but in 1 5 19 a quarrel occurred between the crew of a
Portuguese-owned junk and some of the islanders of
Bachian, which caused much ill-feeling.

Hitherto the Portuguese had been undisturbed by any
European rivals, but in 1521 two Spanish vessels arrived
at Tidore. These belonged to the famous expedition of
Magellan, despatched by Charles V with the object of
reaching the Spice Islands by an " all-Spanish " route.
Serrano is said to have written letters from Ternate, con-
taining information about the Moluccas, which induced
him to undertake this voyage.^ How Magellan, himself a
Portuguese in the service of his own sovereign, with whom
he had quarrelled because he was refused a moderate

1 This is the native name for the island usually known to us as
Gilolo. The spelling of these names mainly follows the Admiralty
Charts.

* Bokemeyer's Die Molukkefi.

2 Pigafetta, in The First Voyage roioui the Worlds Hakluyt
Society, 1874, p. 127.

XXVIU INTRODUCTION.

increase of his salary, entered the employ of Charles V,
and suggested to the latter a scheme for appropriating the
monopoly of the trade in spices that rightfully belonged
to Portugal by the award of Pope Alexander VI, is well
known ; also that he lost his life in a skirmish with natives
of an island of the group afterwards named the Philippines,
before reaching his goal. Of the two ships, one alone
returned safely to Spain ; and from this time a lively dis-
pute went on between the two nations regarding the right
to trade and acquire territor}' in the Moluccas.

In 1522, a Portuguese fleet arrived from Malacca at
Banda, under the command of Antonio de Brito, who, on
hearing that both Serrano and the King of Ternate had
been poisoned, proceeded thither to avenge Serrano, and
to expel the Spaniards from the islands. He reached
Tidore at the end of May, and obtained the surrender of
some Spanish traders, but refused the King's proposal that
he should establish a settlement on the island. Continuing
his voyage to Ternate, he concluded a treaty with the
Queen-regent and principal nobles, in pursuance of which
he laid the foundations of a fort not far from the capital.
Shortly after this, the Queen and her father, the King of
Tidore, combined together to expel the Portuguese from
the archipelago ; but the design being discovered, De Brito^
seized the two sons of the late King. Their mother
managed to escape. The Portuguese commander, allying
himself with the regent Taruwese, whom he had been able
to attach to his interests, fell suddenly upon Tidore, and
captured the town of Marieko, the ancient fortified seat of
government. Thence he proceeded to attack the Tidorian
possessions on Halmahera and Makyan.

De Brito was relieved of the command in 1525 by
Garcias, and the latter in his turn, in 1527, by Menezes.

^ See The First Voyao-e, etc., p. 127.

INTRODUCTION. xxix

In 1529 a Spanish vessel arrived at Tidore, and the
commander persuaded the inhabitants to join him in
attackiny; the Portuguese in Ternate. A fight ensued, in
which the Spaniards at first gained the advantage, and an
armistice was concluded, but on its expiration the fortune
of war changed. Menezes captured the native town and
the Spanish citadel. The garrison was, however, allowed
to march out with the honours of war, and an agreement
was made that hostilities should not be renewed until
the question of right was settled between the Emperor
Charles V and Dom Joao of Portugal.

During this campaign, Dayalo, one of the two Ternatan
princes, died, and Bohejat, the other, was recognised as
sole heir to the throne. Shortly afterwards another anti-
foreign conspiracy was formed, in which the regent Taru-
wese took part ; but it was discovered, and he was
beheaded by Menezes. In 1530 a new governor was
appointed named Gonzalo Pereira, but in the following
year he was assassinated by the Ternatans, and Vicentio da
Fonseca was elected governor in his stead. In this affair
the Portuguese chaplain acted with the natives. Fonseca
then allied himself with a native chief named Kechil Pate
Sarang ; but King Bohejat refused to side with them, and
being driven to take flight was replaced by his step-brother
Taberidji.

In October 1533, Tristan de Atayde arrived as governor
of the Portuguese settlements in the Moluccas, and the
Spaniards finally quitted the islands, Charles V having
ceded his claim to Dom Joao III for a sum of 350,000
ducats. A new king, named Hair, was placed on the
throne of Ternate, and the island of Bachian was con-
quered with the aid of the Kings of Ternate and Tidore,
who were thus found for once acting in accord. Shortly
after this, another rising against the Portuguese took place,
and they were shut up in their fortress of Gamulamu on

XXX INTRODUCTION.

Ternate, but the fortunate arrival of Simao Sodreo from
Malacca with reinforcements caused the assailants to raise
the siege. Nevertheless, the Portuguese continued to be
hard beset by the natives until October 1536, when the
appointment of Antonio Galvano promised to inaugurate a
better state of things. Galvano, who was regarded by his
contemporaries as an honourable and upright gentleman,
initiated a conciliatory policy, and an armistice was
arranged. But it was broken by the anti-foreign party,
and he found himself obliged to take up arms against the
native princes. He attacked Tidore, where the ex-King
Bohejat was slain in the very first engagement, and both
town and citadel fell once more into the hands of the
Portuguese.

A principal cause of the weakness of the Portuguese had
been the frequent change of governors, each new one
fancying it necessary to reverse the policy of his pre-
decessor. In 1540 De Castro relieved Galvano. Hair con-
tinued to occupy the throne, and a period of comparative
peacefulness ensued until 1570, when an insurrection in one
of the neighbouring islands led to his being arrested by
Diego Lopez, who was governor at the time. He was sent
to Goa for trial, but was acquitted and permitted to return
to Ternate. Lopez, in his turn, was sent to Goa to give an
account of his proceedings, but was shortly afterwards rein-
stated. Out of revenge he contrived the murder of Hair, and
cut his body into pieces, which he exhibited from the walls
of the fort with every mark of contumely to the infuriated
inhabitants. On a complaint being carried to Goa, he was
recalled and replaced by Pereira ; but the people were not
to be appeased, and rose in rebellion under their new king
Babu. The Portuguese were expelled from Ternate and
took refuge on Tidore, where their position became one of
increasing difficulty. In India, also, their power was decay-
ing, while Malacca became less and less able to furnish

INTRODIU TU)N. xxxi

reliefs. Atayde, who had become Viceroy of India,
attempted to restore the situation by adopting a concih'a-
tory attitude towards the Ternatans, but without success.

It was in 1579 that the English first appeared upon the
scene, as we learn from the account of Drake's voyage
round the world. ^ He reached the Moluccas in November
of that year, and received an offer from the King of
Ternate to reserve the whole commerce of the island for
his countrymen. Very friendly relations were established,
and the ship was supplied with provisions and fruit, besides
as much cloves as she could conveniently carry. The
author reports that " the present king with his brethren, in
reuenge of their fathers murther, so bestirred themselues,
that the Portingall was wholly driuen from that Hand, and
glad that he yet keepes footing in Tidore." He also tells
us of a Chinese gentleman living there as an exile, who
described the greatness and riches of his native country in
a manner that called forth the admiration of the simple-
hearted English sailors, mentioning among other things
that " they had brasse ordnance of all sorts (much easier
to be trauersed then ours were, and so perfectly made that
they would hit a shilling) aboue 2000 yeares a goe." Drake
sailed again after a stay of only six days, having created
an impression on the minds of the natives that lasted for
many years subsequently.

When the crown of Portugal was annexed to that of
Spain by Philip II, in 1580, a stronger policy was adopted
by the Portuguese. As soon as the news of that event
reached the Moluccas, King Babu despatched an envoy to
the sovereign of the Peninsula to complain of the op-
pressive conduct of the Portuguese governors, and with
further instructions that if he failed to obtain redress at

* See The World Ejicoinpassed by Sir Francis Drake, edited by the
late Mr. W. S. W. Vaux for the Hakluyt Society, 1854, pp. 137 and
onwards.

XXXU INTRODUCTION.

Madrid, he was to cross over to England and Holland to
invoke the protection of Queen Elizabeth and the States-
general. In this it is easy to see an efifect of Drake's visit.
The envoy returned in 1584, with nothing but promises.
During his absence King Babu was decoyed on board a
Portuguese warship by the offer of negotiations, and was
carried first to Amboina, whence he was despatched to
Goa, but died on the way, not without a suspicion of foul
play having been employed to hasten his end. He was
succeeded by his son Said Berkat, who shortly afterwards
treacherously slew at a feast the King of Tidore, his
hereditary enemy and a friend of the Portuguese. This
event led to a fresh war between the two islands.

In assuming the crown of Portugal, Philip II had
promised to administer that country and its colonial
possessions separately from his other dominions. It was
therefore held to be unconstitutional to send succours to
the distressed colonists in the Moluccas from any other
quarter than Portuguese India. But as the Governor of
Malacca had now for some years been unable to render
any effective assistance, the settlers in their difficulties
turned for aid to the Spanish authorities at Manila ; but
the latter were at this period too much occupied with
plundering expeditions on the coast of China to pay any
attentions to applications for help from private persons.

Before long, however, a new danger made itself felt. The
Dutch during their war of independence had gradually
built up a powerful navy, which, after the destruction
of the "Invincible Armada" in 1588, was more numerous
and powerful than that of any other European nation.
They had formerly traded to Lisbon for the spices and
other eastern produce of which they stood in need, but
now the idea suggested itself of despatching their ships
direct to the eastern seas to procure these articles on the
spot, and thus gain for themselves the enormous profits

INTRODUCTION. XXXlll

hitherto appropriated by the Portuguese. As was the case
witli the English also, there existed no reason why they
should recognise an enemy's claims based only on a Papal
bull ; and now that Portugal had become part of the
dominions of their oppressor the King of Spain, they could
proceed to roam the ocean both to the east and to the
west, and " spoil the Egyptians " at their convenience.

It was in March, 1599, that the first Dutch ships under
Warwijk and Van Heemskerk arrived at Amboina. They
made a commercial treaty with the native chiefs, subject to
the ratification of the king of Ternate, who was still re-
garded as suzerain. Heemskerk next visited the Banda
group, and having established factories on Lontar and Neira,
sailed for Bantam, while Warwijk proceeded for Ternate.
There he was cordially received by Said Berkat, who de-
sired his help in expelling the Portuguese and subjugat-
ing his hereditary foe the king of Tidore. Under these
circumstances, Warwijk had little difficulty in obtaining
permission to trade. He was allowed to purchase a full
cargo of spices, and to leave a factor and six other Dutch-
men behind him when he departed, but the question ot
active assistance to the king in his warlike projects was
left for future consideration.

The following year Van Neck visited Ternate, and was
eagerly welcomed by Said, to please whom he bombarded
the Portuguese fort on Tidore. About the same time,
Steven van der Haghen, arriving in the Spice Islands,
besieged the Portuguese for several weeks in their fort at
Ley-Timor, on the north side of Amboina. He left a small
detachment of twenty-seven men at Hitu-lama in that
island, who were however, re-cmbarked in 1601 by
Cornelis van Heemskerk.

The Portuguese now equipped a large fleet to stop
further encr<5achments of the Dutch, and to punish the
native princes who had entered into friendly relations with

Xxxiv INTRODUCTION.

them. The intention was that this force should effect
a junction with a Spanish fleet fitted out at Manila.
Andre Furtado de Mendoza, who was in command,
reached Bantam in December 1601, and after fighting an
indecisive action with a Dutch squadron under Wolfert
Harmenszoon, sailed for the Spice Islands to join the
Spanish fleet. He reached Amboina on February 10,
1602, where he was disappointed in his expectation of
finding the Spaniards, but he captured Hitu-lama and
laid waste numerous villages. Proceeding northwards by
way of Hoamohel, and passing by Ternate, he came back
to Tidore, where he anchored on October 10.

Harmenszoon in the meantime had visited Ternate and,
giving Furtado a wide berth, reached Banda on March 14 ;
where two months later he concluded a treaty with the
native chiefs, by which the latter undertook to sell their
produce to the Dutch alone, and both parties bound them-
selves to help one another in war.

Furtado overran Makyan in October, 1602 ; and, after
establishing a fortified post there, proceeded to the harbour
of Talangam, in Ternate, to wait for his Spanish allies
under the command of Juan Xuarez Gallinato. The latter
arrived in February, 1603 ; and the combined forces gave
battle to King Said and shut him up in the fortress of
Gamulamu, to which they laid siege. Owing, however, to
supplies not having been sent to Furtado, his ammunition
gave out, and the siege had to be abandoned, Furtado
returning to Malacca, and Gallinato to Manila.^

In the beginning of 1605, Steven van der Haghen, who
had left Holland in December, 1603, with a fleet of twelve
sail, appeared again at Amboina, with instructions to
undertake the conquest of the Moluccas. He began by

^ P. A. Tide, De Eiiropeers in den MaleiscJien Archipel, Pt. vi,
p. 225.

INTRODUCTION. XXXV

capturing the Portuguese fort of Victoria. Leaving there
a garrison of a hundred men, he proceeded to Banda to
renew the treaty of 1602, to which the towns of Neira (on
the island of that name) and Ortatan (on Great Banda),
and the islands of Wai and Rhun acceded. His second
in command, Cornelis Bastienszoon, had in the meantime
been despatched to attack the Portuguese fort on Tidore.
Finding his forces insufficient, he asked and obtained the
help of King Said of Ternate, which enabled him to
achieve success. A shot fell into the powder magazine of
the defenders, and blew it up, rendering the fort untenable ;
and the Portuguese were compelled to capitulate. The
Dutch then plundered the inhabitants of Tafasoho on the
west side of Makyan, and sailed away, leaving no garrison
on Tidore.

A detailed account of the action, and of Sir Henry
Middleton's endeavours to establish a trade with the
Moluccas, is given in the narrative of his voyage to the
East in the Red Dragon in 1605. Accompanied by the
Ascension, he arrived at Amboina on February 12, just
before the surrender of P'ort Victoria to the Dutch. Being
consequently unable to obtain any spices, he determined to
go on to the Moluccas, sending the Ascension to Banda for
nutmegs. Off Makyan he received a visit from some
natives, who refused to sell any cloves without the leave of
the King of Ternate.^ The town of Tafasoho belonged to
Tidore, the rest of the island to Ternate. Approaching
Tidore from the south on March 22, he rescued the King
of Ternate and several Dutch merchants from the pursuit
of some Tidorian galleys. On learning that Middleton
proposed to start trade with Tidore through the medium
of the Portuguese, they would have dissuaded him, and

^ See The Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to Bantam and the
Maluco Islands^ edited by Bolton Corney for the Hakluyt Society,
1855.

d 2

xxxvi INTRODUCTION.

finally prevailed with him to go straight to Ternate, where
he anchored at the port two and a half leagues off the town
(Gamulamu). The King promised to give his subjects
leave to sell cloves, and allowed a party of Englishmen to
be stationed on shore as the nucleus of an intended factory.
He also provided Middleton with a letter to the Governor
of his own part of Makyan, so that he should be able to
obtain a cargo, in case the Portuguese refused to trade.
On the 27th, in accordance with his expressed resolve,
Middleton brought his ship over to Tidore, and anchored
not far from the fort, where, after some haggling over the
price of goods, the Portuguese Governor agreed to let him
have some cloves. While cargo was being collected, the
Dutch squadron hove in sight, and Middleton made haste
to be gone, especially as two Ternatan officers who were
on board with him urged his departure for Makyan.
Having procured a letter from the King of Tidore for the
Governor of Tafasoho, and collected the money due for
the cargo sold to the Portuguese, he got away on April 21,
passing through the midst of the Dutch squadron during
the night, and on the following evening anchored off
Gnofifickia (Mofficia in Middleton) on Makyan, where the
viceroy of the King of Ternate resided. Here he delivered
the letter ; but, as no cloves were forthcoming, he pro-
ceeded to Tafasoho (Taffasoa), on the other side of the
island, a town belonging to Tidore. The Portuguese had
a small blockhouse there, occupied by five men. Middleton
was well received, but did not obtain any considerable
quantity of spices. On May 2 he received a letter from the
commandant of the Portuguese fort on Tidore, acquainting
him with the burning of two galleons by the Dutch, and
entreating him to hasten thither with the five men from
Tafasoho, to see the impending fight, and offering to let
him have all the stock of cloves in the town. So the next
day found him anchored in front of the King of Tidore's

INTRODUCTION. xxxvii

town, in the middle of the Dutch fleet. The attack on the
fort began on the afternoon of the 7th, and continued all the
8th and part of the 9th, when the explosion occurred that
has already been mentioned. In this action, the Ternatans
assisted the Dutch, while the Tidorians fought on the side
of the Portuguese. The Dutch Admiral first threatened
to hang all the Portuguese; but, through Middleton's
intercession, he was induced to spare their lives and let
them retire to Manila.

Middlcton now applied to the King of Ternate for
permission for the establishment of a factory on that island,
according to his promise, but was refused on the ground of
a previous undertaking with the Dutch that they should
have a monopoly of the trade. He therefore weighed
anchor again, and proceeded to Ternate, May 21, with the
object of removing the Englishmen left behind previously,
and bringing away the cloves they had secured. The
King followed later. Negotiations proceeded for some
weeks ; but in the end Dutch influence prevailed, and the
King definitely refused to allow the establishment of a
factory. In a letter addressed to King James I, which he
delivered to Middleton, he said it was only for the present
that he yielded to the insistence of the Dutch ; but if the
English were minded to pay him another visit at some
future time, they should be welcome. With this promise
Middleton was forced to content himself; and, weighing
anchor on June 18, he arrived again atTafasoho on the 21st.
The Governor offered to hand over the town to him, but he
was obliged to refuse, having lost a large number of his
crew by dysentery. Thus he departed from the Moluccas,
and got back to Bantam on July 24.

The Spaniards now undertook operations for the relief
of the Moluccas independently of the Portuguese, and in
January, 1606, despatched a fleet from Manila. Tidore was
captured in March, without striking a blow ; and in April

xxxviii INTRODUCTION.

they landed on Ternate to attack Gamulamu. Said,
finding himself unable to defend the fortress, fled with his
men to Gilolo, leaving the island in the hands of the
Spaniards ; but, being induced by them to return, was
seized and carried off to Manila. He had left his son
Modafar behind at Gilolo ; and the people of Ternate,
fearing they would never see Said again, declared Modafar
his successor, and began to arm.

In the beginning of 1607, Matelieff the younger anchored
with six ships at Bantam, where he heard that envoys
from the Ternatans had shortly before been there to invoke
the assistance of the Dutch. Following them to Amboina,
he overtook them at Fort Victoria, and sent them on ahead
to Gilolo with a friendly message to Modafar. He himself
reached Ternate on May 10, but finding the Spaniards
there and at Tidore too strong for him, he contented
himself with entering into a treaty of alliance with the
Ternatans. By this instrument the Dutch were to have a
post at Maleyo, on the north side of the island, placing
there a garrison of thirty to forty men, while the Ternatans
recognised the suzerainty of the States-General and under-
took to defray all expenses. The whole crop of cloves was
to be sold to the Dutch, at a price to be fixed afterwards
by mutual agreement. Having placed the new fort of
Maleyo in a defensive condition, Matelieff sailed for China,
The Spaniards attacked the place soon after he left, but
were unable to reduce it.

The year 1608 saw another effort on the part of the
English to establish themselves in the Moluccas. In the
beginning of January, David Middleton reached the islands
in the Consent. Purchas goes on to say :

"The rest of this Moneth was spent in entertainments and
complements betwixt Ours and the Spaniards, as likewise with the
Moluccan Princes. So was the whole Moneth of February also.
The reason was, The Spaniards durst not admit vs trade till the
Camp Master had giuen leaue. And he in those broyles twixt

INTRODUCTION. XXXlX

him and the Hollanders, except Ours would doe or seeme to doe
some piece of seruice, at least accompanying their ships for
greater shew (which our Captaine absolutely refused, being
against his Commission) excused himselfc. Meancwhile they had
priuy trade with the people by night, and were louiall and frolicke
by day with the Spaniards, which both gaue and rcceiued kind
welcomes. In the beginning of March, they were permitted open
trade. But this within few dayes was countermanded, and wee
commanded to bee gone. And thus they spent the time till
March the foureteene, when they weighed anchor, and set saile.
Some trade they had also in the way."^

Just when David Middleton was at the Moluccas, Matelieff
fell in with Paulus van Caerden, who had sailed with a
fresh fleet from Holland in April, 1606, and had wasted
much time in vainly trying to reduce the Portuguese
fortress of Mozambique and in chasing Portuguese gal-
leons.* At Matelieff's suggestion. Van Caerden proceeded
to Ternate with ten ships, arriving there May 18. A
month later he captured Tafascho on Makyan from the
Spaniards ; but in the autumn of the same year he fell
into their hands, and was carried a prisoner to Manila.

A powerful fleet under Pieter Willemszoon Verhoeff,
with 1,900 men on board, had been despatched from
Holland in December, 1607, and on its arrival at Bantam
in February, 1609, the Vice-Admiral, Francois Willert, was
detached with four vessels to Ternate, via Makassar. The
instructions of the Dutch East India Company, who
expected a truce to be shortly concluded with Spain, were
to obtain possession of the clove- and nutmeg-producing
islands by treaty or by force before September i, 1609.
Willert reached Ternate on June 22, renewed Matelieffs
treaty with the King, established a post on Motir, which he
named Nassau, and three months later sailed on a marauding
expedition against the Philippines. There he encountered
a complete defeat. Two out of the three ships he had

^ Ptirchas, vol. i, p. 226. '^ Tiele, op. cii., Pt. vii, p. 79.

xl INTRODUCTION.

with him were captured, with much booty that he had
plundered from Chinese junks, and he himself perished.^
Verhoeff having been murdered by the Bandanese in May
had been succeeded by Simon Janszoon Hoen, who got to
Maleyo the day after Willert sailed on his disastrous
enterprise. In December he conquered Bachian, capturing
the Spanish fort in the bay of Amassing,- which he re-
named Barneveldt. The garrison were put to the sword.

The truce apprehended by the directors of the Dutch
East India Company was agreed upon in April, 1609, but
in the East it was recognised by neither Dutch nor
Spaniards. In November of the same year, Pieter Both
was appointed first governor-general of the Dutch posses-
sions in the East Indies, with ample powers over all the
naval commanders, and complete discretion as to his pro-
ceedings. He arrived at Bantam in December, 1610.
Affairs at Amboina and Banda occupied his attention for
some months, and it was not till the following August that
he was able to proceed to the Moluccas. He found the
Spanish governor of Ternate^ unwilling to recognise the
truce, on the pretext that he had received no instructions
from home, and he was therefore justified in strengthening
the Dutch position in the island by the construction of a
redoubt at Toluco, near the fort of Maleyo.

Early in the same year an expedition had been fitted out
by Juan De Silva, the governor of Manila, with the object
of expelling the Dutch from the islands. He carried with
him King Said, his son, and the other chiefs, to make use
of them in winning over the Ternatans to the Spanish side.
On arriving off Ternate he found the Dutch had left, but

1 Tiele, Pt. vii, p. 108. 2 Saris's "Amasan," p. 27.

^ In a foot-note to p. 52 of Saris's Journal the editor stated, on the
authority of Valentijn, that Don Jeronimo de Silva was appointed
Governor of the Moluccas in 1610, but according to P. A. Tiele (in
De Ei/rcpet'rs in a'en Malcische77 ArcJiipel) he came there in March
1612, to replace Cristobal de Ascueta Menchaca.

INTRODUCTION. xli

not haviiifT sufficient confidence in the men under his own
command, he did not venture to attack Maleyo and Tacomi,
and contented himself with reducing two unimportant
settlements on Halmahera. With this insignificant result
lie returned to Manila to recruit more men. His hope that
the influence of King Said would change the point of view
of the Ternatans was destined to be disappointed. Nego-
tiations for a peace were indeed initiated between the
Ternatans and the Tidorians, on the basis of a proposal to
place Kaitjil Sidang/ a son of Said's, on the throne, but
they came to nothing.

In August, 1612, Both proceeded to Bachian to hasten
the construction of the fort there, and passed thence to
Makyan, where in January, 161 3, he concluded with the
chiefs a treaty by which they bound themselves to sell
all their cloves to the Dutch at a very low price.^ Early
in February he captured Marieko, on the north-west coast
of Tidore, besides destroying another Spanish fort on the
same island. Saris speaks of the " new fortres called
Maraeco " belonging to the Dutch.

The state of things then at the time of Saris's voyage to
the Moluccas was, that the Portuguese had lost everything
they once possessed ; the Spaniards held a couple of
establishments on Tidore and Ternate ; while the Dutch
dominated over almost all of the rest of the Moluccas.

* This is the person called Key ChilHsadang by Saris, and described
by him on p. 35 as "the King of Ternates sonne," but on p. 36
as brother of the king ; />., son of Said and brother of Modafar.
Kaitjil is the Ternatan equivalent of the Mindanao-Spanish Cachil,
a prince of the blood royal. From the spelling adopted by Saris, he
seems to have confused this title with the Malay kyahi chiltk, or
"little chief," as distinguished from kyahi ti^us, or 'great chief (the
"keygus" or "keygoose" of p. 5).

It may here be noted that the Key Malladaia whom Saris met at
Bachian (p. 26), who had been sent from Makyan by "a man of great
account there," is properly called the Kimelaha Daja or Hidajat,
described by Tiele (Pt. vii, p. 131) as "an ambitious Ternatan."
Kimelaha is a native title (head of a /'rtw/*?//^ or village), Daja his name.

^ See note to p. 41 of Saris's Journal.

xHi INTRODUCTION.

The following table shows the actual position : —

Dutch. Spanish.

On Bachian, Fort Barneveldt.
„ Makyan, Tafasoho and two other

places.
„ Tidore, Marieko. Tidore, a fort on east side.

„ Ternate, Maleyo, Tacomi, Toluco. Ternate, a fort (Gamulamu).

Besides these the Dutch had establishments on Amboina,
and a treaty with the Banda group that gave them the
monopoly of spices.

VI. — The Voyage from Bantam to Japan.

The Clove sailed from Bantam for Japan on January 15,
and after calling at Jacatra (afterwards Batavia), where she
took in water and other supplies such as the place afforded,
passed through the straits of Saleijer, south of Celebes, on
the last day of the month. Her course then lay outside
Buton to the south, between it and Hegadis Island, and
then through the Buton passage ; from near the mouth of
Buton straits she steered across towards Buru, and from
there northwards to Sula Besi, where Saris communicated
with the shore through his Spaniard, who spoke the
Ternatan language. On February 24 she anchored at
Bachian. At this place Saris found the Dutch established
in a fort (Barneveldt) garrisoned by thirty soldiers, married
some to native, others to Dutch women. The English
commander remained till March 7, negotiating with the
native chief for cloves, of which he was not able, however,
to procure any. He was promised a supply at Makyan, at a
higher rate, however, than was paid by the Dutch ; and he
took on board two native pilots for that island.

Weighing from Bachian on March 7, Saris passed out
between the main island and Obu, and seems then to have

INTRODUCTION. xllil

worked his way through Herberg Strait, anchoring every
night. On the 17th he arrived off Poliweri in Makyan,
where he managed to procure a small quantity of cloves.
The Dutch interfered, however, claiming a monopoly of the
export under a treaty recently made with the chiefs ot the
island ; and, being in superior force, were able to prevent
the natives from trading to the extent they would have
wished.

More than once the English and Dutch were on the
point of coming to blows. On April 5 Saris weighed, and
proceeded to Tidore, which, as we have seen, was still
partly held by the Spaniards, the Dutch having estab-
lished themselves at Marieko, a fort recently captured by
them. The Spaniards treated Saris with greater civility
than he had received at the hands of the, Dutch, but no
business in cloves was permitted, and on the 13th the
English vessel pursued her voyage. After communicating
at Ternate, without gaining anything but compliments,
Saris finally resolved to make for Japan. He had managed
to secure in all 3,690 lbs. of cloves.

After lying at an island, which he calls Doy, from
April 22 till May 12, to take in wood and water, he sailed
once more, bound for Japan. Since leaving Bantam ten
out of a crew of eighty-one persons had died, two having
been drowned in landing at Doy, and one killed by the
fall of a tree.

On June 2 Saris sighted land, which he took to be the
Res Magos of Linschoten's map (the Miyakojima group of
modern geography). What he really saw was probably the
Great Loochoo. From this point he seems to have steered
northwards along the west of the chain of islands extend-
ing up to the south of Japan ; then altering his coursb a
little, he ran past the Koshiki group and the great island
of Amakusa, and looked into the Straits of Arima. Off
Nagasaki he fell in with some Japanese fishermen, two

xHv INTRODUCTION.

of whom he engaged for thirty dollars and their food to
pilot the Clove into Hirado, where they finally arrived
on June 12.

VII. — Hirado ; its previous History as a
Commercial Port.

It was no mere accident that led the first Europeans
who visited Japan to fix upon Hirado as their head-
quarters. From a very early period, which perhaps may
be placed at the end of the sixth century, when intercourse
between Japan and China began to assume something of a
regular complexion, the ordinary route of envoys and
traders from the Japanese capital was by way of Hakata
in Chikuzen, Hirado, and the Goto group to Ningpo and
Wenchow. And after diplomatic relations between the
two countries ceased, at the end of the ninth century,
commerce still followed that line, Hakata continuing to be
the main entrepot for Chinese goods. In the thirteenth
century, when the Mongols twice endeavoured to invade
Japan, Hirado was the first point of attack. After the
victorious expulsion of the invaders, the Japanese in their
turn sallied forth and harried the coasts of Corea and
China, and, as was the fashion of the time, combined
plunder with peaceful commerce. In the early part of the
sixteenth century, Chinese smugglers and traders to Lugon,
Annam and the Malay Peninsula resorted to Hirado,
where their leader, one Wang Chih, established a factory,
and joining to himself a band of enterprising Japanese,
pursued his operations on a large scale.

Besides the northern route to China, there was a second
from B5 no Tsu, a port at the extreme south-west corner
of the province of Satsuma, by way of the Loochoos to
the provinces of Fuh-kien and Kwang-tung. This latter.

INTRODUCTION. xlv

however, was suited for the local supply of southern
Kiushiu alone.

Without going into the question whether Japan was first
discovered by Fernan Mendez Pinto and his companions,
or by the other three Portuguese whom Maffei mentions
on the authority of Antonio Galvao, this much seems
certain, namely, that the first European navigators
approached it from the south. The Japanese belief is that
Bo no Tsu was the first port visited in 1541, and that two
years later Anjiro, the Japanese refugee afterwards known
as Paulo de Santa Fe, shipped from here with Jorge Alvarez,
a Portuguese navigator, to Malacca, where he eventually
met St. Francis Xavier. In the opinion of the Japanese
writer^ mentioned in the footnote, it was by the advice of
the Chinese smuggler, Wang Chih, that the Portuguese
removed their commercial establishment to Hirado. Mer-
chants were found residing there by Xavier, when he passed
through on his way from Kagoshima to Kioto. In the
missionary letters mention is made of Portuguese vessels
at Hirado in 1555. Four years later one anchored there,
while another visited Agune (or Akune) on the north-west
coast of Satsuma. Later on in the same year, a ship is
spoken of as being at Tomari, a port near Bo no Tsu.
Difficulties arose between the Daimio of Hirado and the
missionaries, who gladly accepted an offer from Omura
Sumitada, the Daimio of Omura, to grant them the
revenues of the port of Yokose, and a territory extending
two leagues into the surrounding country ; and some of
the Portuguese captains were persuaded to anchor there.
Still they sometimes resorted to Hirado; and in 1565 we
read of an attack made on a Portuguese vessel that had
anchored at Kawachi (or Kochi), a few miles south of the
town. In the same year we find Don Joao Pereira at \

* Suganuma, Dai Nihon Shd-gia-sht{CommGYc\?i.\ History of Japan),
p. 286.

xlvi INTRODUCTION.

Fukuda, a small port outside the entrance to the bay of
Nagasaki. He had refused, at the request of the mission-
aries, to go to Hirado, and avoided Yokose because civil
war was raging in the neighbourhood. Fukuda continued
to be the port until about 1 571, when the missionaries
having settled at Nagasaki under specially favourable con-
ditions granted to them by the owner, a vassal of Omura
Sumitada, shipping began to resort thither also. This was
a much larger and more convenient anchorage than any of
those hitherto visited. It may be noted that the original
name of the spot was Oura, and that it was called Naga-
saki after the surname of the owner. At the time the
missionaries settled there, it was only a tiny hamlet
inhabited by a few fishermen. Other places visited by
Portuguese ships from time to time were Shiki, in the
western island of Amakusa, and Kuchinotsu, on the south
of the Shimabara promontory ; but Nagasaki remained the
headquarters of commerce. In 1 587, however, a vessel was
forced to winter at Hirado, owing to the disturbances in the
neighbourhood of Nagasaki, and the latter place was taken
away from the missionaries that same year by Hideyoshi,
who made it an imperial port and appointed a Governor.
The Spaniards came to Hirado for the first time in 1580,
so that the trade was divided between two centres ; but
some twenty years later, the trade having declined, they
finally abandoned the place.^

The Chinese had traded at Nagasaki from the .same
period as the Portuguese, and it is evident from both Saris's
Journal and Cocks's Diary that they were still there during
the whole of the continuance of the English factory at
Hirado, having also establishments at the latter place.
Suganuma is of opinion- that they were restricted to

Suganuma, Hirado Boeki-Shi (History of the Trade at Hirado),

p. 40.
^ Ibid.^ p. 108.

INTRODUCTION. xlvii

Nagasaki from the same time as the Dutch (^i6^}^hut,
up to 1688,^ they were allowed to lodge freely in the town
wherever they chose. After that date they were confined
to an enclosure close to the Dutch settlement of Deshima.

The following notes have been taken from Dr. Nachod's
work, quoted below.

The Dutch East India Company had acquired early
information about Japan from Linschoten, whose great
work, entitled Voyage ofte Schipvaert van Jan Huygen van
Linschoten 7iaer Oost ofte Portugacls Indien, was published
at Amsterdam in 1596. Linschoten returned to Holland
in 1592, but he had been preceded in 1590 by Dirk
Gerritszoon, a Dutch navigator in the Portuguese service,
who probably was the first to furnish details respecting
the Portuguese commerce in Japan, and the sailing routes
thither. Be this as it may, the first attempt of the Dutch
to get to Japan was made by a fleet of five ships under the
command of Jacques Mahu, which sailed on June 27; 1598,
with instructions to take their way through the Straits of
Magellan and across the Pacific. William Adams, an
Englishman, was sailing-master on board the Hoop; but
he must have changed over to the Liefde, since that seems
to have been the only one of the five that reached her
destination. What the difficulties of navigation were in
those days may be appreciated from the fact that the
fleet arrived at the Straits in April, 1599, but did not
accomplish the passage till August 24."^ The ships were
shortly afterwards separated by a storm, and the Blyde
Boodschap,^Jdx\ board of which was Dirk Gerritszoon^ was
captured by the Spaniards at Valparaiso. The Troww
reached the Moluccas, where she fell into the hands of the
Portuguese. The Geloof returned through the Straits,

^ Nachod, Die Beziehungen der Niederldndischen Ostindischen
Kompagnie zu Japan im ij-ienja/tr/iundert^ p. 399.

' Adams, writing in October, 161 1, gives the dates as April 6 and
September 24. -■•

xlviii INTRODUCTION.

falling in with another fleet under Olivier van Noort, and
returned to Holland in July, 1600. The Hoop and Liefde
quitted the coast of Chile on November 27, and the former
was never heard of again, after she was separated from her
remaining consort by a storm in North latitude 28°, on
February 23, 1600 ; while the Liefde, with only twenty-four
survivors out of a crew of iio, proceeding on her voyage
alone, came in sight of the coast of Japan on April 19.
She anchored about a league off the capital of Bungo, now
called Oita, in Beppu Bay, North latitude 33° 15'. Out of
the twenty-four, six died in a short time. Adams and one
of the sailors were sent for by lyeyasu, who was then at
Osaka,^ while the ship was brought up to Sakai, the nearest
seaport. After a prolonged detention Adams was allowed to
return to the ship, which, after a further delay, was ordered
round to the Bay of Yedo, in all probability to the little
port of Uraga at the entrance. The ship was made prize
of, and the crew detained in the country.

The first news of the shipwreck was brought home by
Olivier van Noort in August, 1601, who, on January 3 in
that year, falling in with a Portuguese captain of a junk at
Borneo, learnt from him that a large Dutch vessel of 250
tons had been cast away in Japan, which belonged to
Steven Verhagen's company of adventurers. Two of the
shipwrecked mariners, Jacob Janszoon Quaeckernaecq and
Melchior van Santvoort, having gained the favour of Matsura
Hoin, daimi5 of Hirado, in some way unknown to us, were
furnished by him with a junk in which they arrived at
Patani on December 2, 1605, whence the former joined the
squadron of Cornelis Mateliefif engaged in blockading the

1 He had been there since early in the year, but started on July 26
for Yedo, arriving there August 10. He stayed till the 29th of that
month, and then started on an expedition against Uyasugi, the daimio
of Aidzu. These dates may be useful for comparison with Adams's
account of lyeyasu's movements, as given in Letter I of Rundall's
Memorials.

INTRODUCTION. xlix"

Portuguese possession of Malacca, in August, 1606.
Ouaeckcrnaecq delivered the letter with which he had
been provided by the " King of Japan " (lyeyasu), was
appointed captain of the Erasmus, and lost his life in a
sea fight with the Portuguese in October ; while Melchior
van Santvoort returned from Patani to Japan, where he
seems to have settled at Nagasaki. He is mentioned by
both Saris and Cocks in their diaries. Matelieff, after
beating the Portuguese, pursued his voyage to China, and
in September, 1607, met at Shang-ch'uan some Japanese
pirate junks, by the captain of one of which he sent a
message to Hirado to the effect that in three years time
he hoped to visit Japan. In February, 1608, Victor
Sprinckel, the commercial agent at Patani, wrote to
lyeyasu in reply to a letter brought by Quaeckernaecq,
explaining that the Dutch losses in the above-mentioned
sea-fight rendered it impossible for the present to send any
ships to Japan. At the same time he wrote to Adams,
enclosing a copy of his letter to lyeyasu, begging him to
lay it with some trifling presents before lyeyasu, and sent
the whole by the hand of V^an Santvoort, who in the mean-
time had again arrived at Patani. Nothing further hap-
pened till two of the ships that had sailed from Holland in
December, 1607, under Pieter Willemszoon Verhoeven were
detached at J chore for the voyage to Japan. These were
the Roode Leetnv met Pijlen and the Grtfficvn. Calling at
Patani, whence they sailed again on June i, 1609, with the
south monsoon, they arrived before Nagasaki on July i,and
the same evening reached Hirado, or rather Kochi (in the
map entitled "Geological Survey of Japan, 1894" spelt
Kawachi), whence they were towed into the harbour of
Hirado a few days later. The supercargoes left on July 27,
bearing a letter to lyeyasu from the Prince of Orange, and
accompanied by Van Santvoort as interpreter. They made
a speedy journey to Court, where they had no difficulty in

1 INTRODUCTION.

obtaining permission to trade, and to build a residence and
warehouses. lyeyasu furnished them with a reply^ to the
Prince of Orange's letter, in which he promised these
privileges, together with a license- or pass in duplicate

^ Suganuma, Hirado Boeki-S/ii, p. 46. The following is a transla-
tion : —

" The lord of Japan, Minamoto lyeyasu, in reply to His Highness
the lord of Holland. On opening and reading the letter which has
been sent from afar, it was as if I were close before your high counten-
ance, and I am moreover exceedingly pleased with the four sorts of
productions which you have presented to me.

" Of the commanders, under-officers and numerous soldiers of the
fighting ships that have been sent by your honoured country to foreign
regions, some have arrived at the port of Matsura in my country.
That there may be peace and a firm compact with my poor country is
my earnest desire also. If the countries are alike animated, what
objection is there to annual visits, although they are separated by a
thousand, nay ten thousand, leagues of sea and land ? In my poor
country we correct the wicked and make thern good. Therefore, the
merchant-visitors who cross the seas all dwell here in peace. You
may send your honoured country's sailors* to my country, and ground
to build houses on and the port to which the vessels shall come shall
be as your honoured country chooses. Henceforth we will keep up
the relations of neighbours. The rest I commit to the captain to
report verbally. The time is when the remaining heat of the autumn
sky is severe. Take care of your health. In haste. 25 day of the
8th moon of the 14th year of Keicho, 46th year of the sexagenary
cycle."

* It is not easy to give a close rendering of the license, of which a
facsimile is given at the end of the English translation of Kaempfer's
History of Japan ^ vol. i. He assigns the date 161 1, but the Japanese
date in the document corresponds to 1609. Perhaps the following is
as near to the original as it is possible to go : —

" When a Dutch ship traverses the sea to Japan, whatever port it
may arrive at, there shall be no difference. Henceforth, observing
this, they may go and come, and there shall be no feeling of estrange-
ment. Wherefore, as above. 25th day of 7th moon of 14th year of
Keicho.

" To Chakusa Kurunheike."

In spite of Dr. Nachod's objection that Jacques (iroenwegen was
killed by the people of Banda on May 22, and that consequently the
document could not be addressed to him, I think it clear that his is
the name here attempted to be written in hiragana characters. The
sloop that brought the instructions to the two vessels to proceed to
Japan met them at Johore on May 4, and that was the last news they

* Suganuma reads the Chinese characters thus rendered as if they
were to be pronounced shin?iiot-o, but it is more likely that they repre-
sent the Dutch word inafroos. — Hirado Boeki-Shi, p. 46.

INTRODUCTIOX. li

under his broad seal, conveying^ the necessary permission
to enter all Japanese ports without let or hindrance.
Armed with these documents the}' returned to Ilirado, and
leaving there Jacques Specx as Cape merchant, with three
assistants and a boy, and a small stock of merchandise,
they set sail for Patau i, which they reached on October 30.
The subsequent history of the Dutch factory at Ilirado
may be read in Dr. Nachod's above-mentioned work.

VIII.— Saris's Stay in Japan.

Saris was heartily welcomed by Matsura Hoin, the ex-
daimi5 ("King") of Hirado, who, as the Japanese custom was,
continued to direct the government of his fief, although
his grandson (" the young King") was nominally in power.
They both came on board the Clove as soon as she anchored
at Kochi, below the town, and were on board again the
following day. Saris at once wrote to William Adams, who
was then at Yedo, and Hoin undertook to have the letter
forwarded without delay. No difficulty was made about
the English obtaining a house on shore, and they eventually
rented one from the head of the Chinese factory for
95 dollars for the six months. This man, whose name was
Andrea Dittis, was no doubt a Christian. Presents were
given to Hoin and his grandson worth 340 dollars, besides
others to the value of 160 dollars, which were divided
between the brother and great-uncle of the latter. To
five of the leading officials gifts worth about 190 dollars
in all were distributed.

had from the rest of the fleet. The envoys were therefore ignorant of
his death, and there is consequently no reason why they should not
have given his name as thai of the proper person to whom the license
should be addressed.

The inscription on the seal reads, " Minamoto no lyeyasu practices
sincerity in reciprocity.'

e 3

Hi INTRODUCTION.

At last, on July 29, Adams arrived, having been
seventeen days on his way from Sumpu, where the ex-
Shogun lyeyasu was then residing. Saris offered him the
hospitality of the English house, but he preferred to lodge
by himself in a Japanese house, whither he would not
suffer anyone to accompany him. It appeared to Saris

>• that Adams was more or less Japanese in his sentiments,
and that he preferred the company of Dutchmen or
Spaniards to that of his own countrymen. After consider-
able delay, arrangements were made for Saris's visit to

\^ Court, and presents were chosen for lyeyasu, the Shogun
Hidetada, and the more important state officers, amounting
in all to about 720 dollars. The King lent a galley rowed
by forty men, and the mission got away from Hirado on
August 7. Saris took with him ten Englishmen and
his Japanese linguist, besides Adams and his two Japanese
followers, and the King provided an escort of an officer
and three men. Besides these there was a pike-bearer,
" according to the custome of the countrye." The voyage
along the coast of Kiushiu and through the Inland Sea to
Osaka occupied twenty days. From here the English pro-
ceeded up the river by boat to Fushimi, where a palanquin
carried by six men, and a led horse, were provided for Saris.
Travelling at the rate of about twenty-eight miles a day
(Saris says fifteen or sixteen leagues of three to a mile, "as we
ghessed it"), they reached Sumpu on September 6. On the
8th he had his audience of lyeyasu, to whom he delivered
King James's letter and the presents, and on the following
day he visited Honda K5dzuke no suke, who refused to
receive any gift beyond a few pounds of aloes. To Honda
he presented a memorandum of the privileges which he
desired to obtain for the East India Company, but was
told to " abbreviate" it. This shortened memorandum was
sent in through Adams on the loth (a translation of the
Japanese version reproduced in Purchas will be found in a

INTRODUCTION. liii

later section of this Introduction), and was approved by
lyeyasu. It appears that the grant was intended to contain
an article permitting the English to bring their Chinese
prizes into Japanese ports and there dispose of the cargoes,
and Saris says that this article was disallowed ; but there is
no trace of it in the Japanese document. Neither is there
of the request for a pass to proceed to the discovery of
Yezo, mentioned in the copy of the petition in the Cotton
Charters^ which has been published by Professor Ricss
(see p. Ixxx). It can only be concluded that the Ja[;anese
linguist employed to write out the translation omitted the
latter and that the former was never put in writing at all,
even in the English document.

The business of the mission having been thus placed on
a satisfactor}' footing, Saris left for Yedo at noon on the
1 2th, arriving there two days later. On the 17th he had
an audience of the Shogun Hidetada, and delivered his
pre.sents. On the 21st he accompanied Adams to Uraga,
a small harbour at the entrance to the Bay of Yedo, near
where Adams possessed an estate that had been granted to
him by lyej-asu. It appears that the latter had expressed
a desire to see the English settle in Yedo, and in that case
Uraga would have been the first port at which the English
ships would touch. A similar suggestion had before been
made to the Dutch, but they had preferred to establish
themselves at Hirado. Saris, in the version of his journal
printed by Purchas, expresses himself as in favour of this
arrangement : the only drawback to Uraga in his opinion
being that Uraga was "not so well replenished with victuall
and flesh-meat" as Hirado (p. 136). But, on his return to
Hirado, it was decided to remain there, as the factory had
already been established in that centre. Probably it would
have been wiser to fall in with the proposal of lyeyasu ;
and doubtless Adams would have served the East India
Company more zealously, if he had been able to live close

liv INTRODUCTION.

to his Japanese wife and children, instead of having to
reside at the other end of Japan.

On the 25th they left Uraga, and arrived back at Sumpu
on the 29th. On October 8 Saris received lyeyasu's
answer to King James, and also the privileges (translations
of both are given in the concluding section). He left
Sumpu on the following day, and was a week travelling to
Miako (Ki5to), where he waited three days for lyeyasu's
present to King James, which consisted of five pairs of
folding screens (biobu). After spending two days and a
half at Osaka, he embarked there, and reached Hirado on
November 6.

A long account by Cocks of what had passed at Hirado
during the absence of Saris, taken from Purchas, is inserted
in the journal at this place.

lyeyasu had been prevailed upon to give Adams leave
to return to England ; and, in accordance with his instruc-
tion^ Saris offered him a passage home on board the Clove.
This, however, he declined, the ostensible reason given
being that he wished to remain " for a certein tyme to get
somthing, hauing hetherto spent his tyme soe many yeares
in vayne, and wold not now goe home with an emptie
purse."^ In a letter from Adams to the East India Com-
pany, written about this time, he says, however : "The
reason I would not go with him wass for dyuers injerues
doun against me ; the which were thinges to me veri Strang
and vnloked for, which thinges [to] write I ceass, leuing it
to others to mak rellaccion thereof."- In another letter,
dated December i of the same year, Adams writes : " Your
woourship shall vnderstand I had thought to a coum hom
in the Clone, but by som discovrtissis offred me by the

^ Letters Received by the East India Company, vol. i, p. 311 ;
Rundall's Memorials, p. 68.

- Letters Received by the East India Company, vol. i, p. 324 ;
Rundall's Memorials, p. 68.

INTRODUCTION. Iv

General 1, chanj:^ed my mind ; which injuries to vvryt of
them I leaue ; leaning to others, God scndint; the ship
hom, to mak rellacion."^

What these injuries were is partly to be gathered from
Saris's Journal. A few days after his return, " it was cer-
tanely proued that Mr. Addams his man, which was our
Jurebassa and Cater for the howse, did most vnresonabl}'
cozen vs, and in one parcell of wync bought for the howse
gott 21 masse;" and on the following day "in frindly
mannor I [Saris] acquanted Mr. Addams in the presents
of Mr. Cocks of his mans dishonnest and villanus dealing,
being put in trust and to cheate vs so vnresonable. He
tooke it verye evell that his seruant should be so thought
of, and so hiely took his part as by the perswatyon of Mr.
Cocks I did not saie further, but gaue order to Mr. Cocks
to lett him goe no more to markett for vs, this not being
the first by man}' tymes, as Mr. Cocks tells me, he hath
found him fautye therein (p. i8o)."

In addition to this Saris tells us that in settling with
Adams for money advanced during the journey to and
from Court, and for goods bought at Uraga, Cocks insisted
on reckoning in Japanese money, instead of paying Adams
in dollars, with an allowance of five per cent, for exchange.
Whether there were any other unpleasantnesses between
Adams and Saris there is nothing to show. Saris did not
like Adams, as is evident from various passages in the
Journal ; while in the memorandum of instructions left with
Cocks he says Adams was more " affected " to the Flemings
and Spaniards than to his own countrymen, and pretty
plainly implies that he could not be trusted to have the dis-
bursing of the Company's money.- Still, it would seem that
the "injuries" alluded to by Adams must have been com-
mitted after the departure of the mission from Sumpu.

1 Rundall's Memorials, p. 76 ; Letters Received, etc., vol. i, p. 331.

'■^ Letters lieceix'ed^ vol. ii, \>. 6.

Ivi INTRODUCTION.

• Seeing that Adams had a wife and children in Japan,
and that he had ah-eady Hved in the country for some
thirteen years, it may not unreasonably be supposed that
he did not greatly care to return to England. It is true he
had by dint of earnest solicitation obtained leave from
lyeyasu to quit Japan ; but in the letter to the Company in
which he describes this scene, he wrote that as he was
taking leave, lyeyasu said that if he did not think of going
that year, he should wait until another ship came, and go
when he liked.^ If he had any intention at that time of
going to England with Saris, he would not have accom-
panied him to Hirado, but would have returned back to his
home near by Uraga to put his affairs in order. There is
no trace of his having tried to get a passage home in any
of the English ships between this date and his death in
May, 1620, so that he was probably not greatly desirous
of leaving Japan.

There is nothing to surprise us in this. He was not the
only one of. the mariners of the Licfde that settled in
Japan. What he gained from lyeyasu was his liberty to
go or stay as he liked, and to devote himself to the pursuit
of his own personal interests, instead of working as the
employe of the Shogun.

Negotiations between Saris and Adams for the entry of
the latter into the service of the East India Company took
only a i^w days, and were terminated by the signature of
an agreement^ on November 24, by which he bound him-
self to serve until the return of the next ship or ships after
news should come of the arrival of the Clove in England,
at the rate of iJ"iOO per annum. .

On November 26, Saris assembled a council at which it
was resolved to establish a factory at Hirado (instead of
in the east of Japan), and that the staff should consist of

; ^ Letters Received, vol. i, p. 323.
2 Rundall's Memorials, p. T'i) '■> Letters Received, vol. i, p. 310.

UNIVERSITY \

O '^^ v^

^LirC^^''^ INTRODUCTION.

Ivn

eight Englishmen, three Japanese interpreters, and two
servants. Richard Cocks (whose Dm/y, edited by Sir
E. Maunde Thompson, has been ah'cady published by the
Haklux't Society) was appointed Captain and Cape Mer-
chant, the others being William Adams, Tempest Peacock,
Richard Wickham, William Eaton, Walter Carwarden,
Edward (or Edmund) Saris, and William Nelson.

IX. — Saris's Voyage Home, and his Reception cy
THE Company.

The C/ove started from Hirado on her homeward voyage
on December 5. Before leaving, Saris signed a memoran-
dum of instructions for Cocks, ^ in which, as already men-
tioned, he speaks unfavourably of Adams. Cocks came
on board, with the members of the factory, to say good-bye ;
and after they had taken their leave the ship's company
was mustered. It consisted of 46 English, 5 blacks, and
1 5 Japanese ; besides these there were three passengers.
The C/ove steered for the coast of China, intending to
make it near Ningpo, but no land was seen till she sighted
the Pescadores in the Formosan Channel. She then picked
up the island of Shang-ch'uan, near Macao, known as the
spot where the Apostle of the Indies breathed his last,
and thence steered south-west across the Gulf of Tonquin
to Cape Varella. From there she coasted along Cochin
China, as far as Pulo Condor, crossed the Gulfof Siam, and
hit off the Malay Peninsula not far from the River Pahang,
passed the strait between Banka and Billiton, and arrived
at Bantam on January 3, 16 14. Here Saris remained
nearly six weeks, loading his ship with pepper, and setting

' Printed in Letters lieceh'ed, vol. ii, p. 5.

Ivm INTRODUCTION.

the affairs of the factory in order. On February 13 he
notes in his journal that the Clove " got out of the straights
of Sunda," and on May 16 she anchored in Table Bay,
finally reaching Plymouth on September 27. While at
anchor here he wrote a report on the commodities which
could be disposed of in Japan. A copy of this is printed
at the end of the journal, along with another written
from Table Bay, " to the Captain Generall of the English
appoynted for Japann," and delivered to the captain of the
Concord there.

The following transcripts^ from the Court Minutes of
the East India Company complete the history of the
" voyage : " —

August 19, 1 6 14. — " Mr. Gouernor entendinge to take the ayre
for a seuenight in the Countrie acquainted them with his intents
to send a letter to bee lefte at Sandwich for Captain Sayris to bee
delyuered vnto him soe scone as hee shall arriue in the Downes,
To adraonishe him to preuent the makinge away of any goods
from aboard either by his maryners or any others vntill God shall
send them vp to London, The Coppie of which letter beeinge red
was approued and ordered to bee deliuered to some one of the
Farmours- men, whoe shall be appointed to goe aboard and haue
an Eye to the buysines in person."

Septetnher 30, 1614. — " Twoe letters were red sent from Ply-
mouth by Captaine Sayris dated the 27'^ of this instaunte, signi-
fieinge his arryuall in the Sound, enforced thereunto through
Contrarie wyndes, his desires and intents beeinge to haue made
his passage directlie for the Downes : Butt beeinge nowe there he
purposed to leaue such of his weake people on shore as would
desire the same and furnishe himselfe with fresh Marryners there,
which hee hoped to effect very speedilie by the assistaunce of
one Mr. Coliuer, a marchant there, whoe had promised to fur-
nishe him with all things necessarye. And then he certified his
resolution to take the first oportunitie to hasten from thence and
nott to putt foote ashore vntill hee had brought the shipp aboute."

A letter was also read from " Mr. Abraham Colyuer,'' promising
to furnish the ships with necessaries and charge the same to the
Company by bills of exchange.

" Mr. Gouernor acquainted them likewise with twoe other

^ Furnished by Mr. Foster.
^ Farmers of the Customs.

INTRODUCTION. lix

letters written by Captaine Saris to his brother George Saris and
his Coscn [ ] Sayris of the Custome house, wherein he

wisht his brother to hasten vnto him to (irauesend and send a
close loyter [lighter] doune and to bringe twoe trustie watermen
downc with him, mentionynge some other letters sent by him by
Richard Dale, one of his Masters mates, whoe departed from
Plymouth the daie before the poste that brought these letters ;
which gaue the Companie greate cause to suspect that Cap""'
Sairis had vsed very greate priuate trade for himselfe and pur-
posed to conveye away his goods out of the shipp, howsoeuer hee
pretended a showe of readines and willingnes to putt them all into
Mr. Gouernours hands."

It was resolved, therefore, to send two of the "Committees"
[Directors] to the Downs to board the vessel and remain on
her ; to solicit the help of the Customs officials, to prevent
private trade being brought ashore ; and, in order to intercept the
private letters, to send one otificial to "attend at the Starre in
Bredstreete, the place where Westerne men doe resorte," and
another " to goe and staie at the postmasters house by Charinge
Crosse, whither yt is supposed hee maye come by post horse."

" Mr. Gouernor acquainted them that in this letter sent vnto
him. Cap*'"' Saris challengeth a promise formerlie made by Mr.
Gouernor of giueinge him leaue to haue a lodginge in his house.
And therefore desired to knowe their opinions what they thought
best to bee done therein, whether to entertaine him into his
house or noe, hee supposinge that beeinge with him in priuate in
his house hee shall haue the better oportunitie to drawe from him
more then otherwise he is like. Butt some aduised Mr. Gouernor
to forbeare to Countenance him in that manner for his owne
creditts sake, because of the ymputation that will bee cast vpon
him, in reguard of the extraordinary fauor which the generalitie
doe suppose hee beareth vnto him and will beare him out, howso-
euer hee hath demeasned himselfe ; as alsoe to avoied the
Clamor out of his hearinge that will bee made by the woenien of
Radcliffe against the Captaine at his retourne, whoe will exclaime
against him for his rigor vsed against there husbaunds. Mr.
Gouernor assured them of his innocencye, that he is farr from
vphouldinge him against the Companie in any Acte whatsoeuer
and desyreth them to conceyue that opinion of him ; yet in
reguard of their myndes and the Clamour which (he is of oi)inion
likewise) wilbee made against him, hee is well satisfied to forbeare
to shewe any kindnes att all vnto him or to goe downe any parte
of the waye to meete with him.

" But some againe on the Contrary alledged that, as yt is not
fittinge to grace him too much at first vntill they may be better
satisfied hereafter of his carryage, Soe they conceyued yt as
vnfittinge and dishonorable to the Company to disgrace him that
hath made soe hard a voiage and notwrongd them that they

Ix INTRODUCTION.

can iustlie accuse him of ; And therefore wisht that his fower
yeares seruice should nott be soe slenderlie respected, which may
proue as beneficiall a discouery to this Company and land as euer
any was made, for ought that can bee yet obiected. And there-
fore desyred I\Ir. Gouernor to goe downe to Grauesend or Erith
to nieete him, seeinge the greatest matter of substaunce that he
can be yet taxt for directlie by the Company is that hee hath not
certyfied any thinge of his voyage, wherein, although hee hath
beene much ouerseene, which they cannot butt hould to bee a
greate wronge done, yet not such as doth deserue to disgrace him
wholie."

.... "The Companie, findinge by Cap*"* Saris letters that
he receyued good releife from the Concord" determined to
instruct their vessels to afford like relief when necessary ; a pro-
posal to send a ship yearly to the Cape with provisions for
homeward bound vessels (filling in their time with whale and seal
fishing) " was held to bee very good."

October i, 1614. — -" Certaine letters were red from Cap'"" Sayris
written at Sea the 24th of September last and brought by Richard
Dale to the same effect which his former were." As, however, in one
of them he mentioned the Governor's " aduentures" with Sir Henry
Middleton and himself. Sir Thomas Smythe explained that this
was not a case of private trade, but had already been sanctioned;
for " my Lord Threasurer Salisbury desyringe that the Companie
should take a shoppe of his in his Newe Exchange^ to be furnisht
by them with East India Comodities, Mr. Gouernor did effect yt
of himselfe and is at present 300/. out of purse for the same ; The
Companie thereupon gaue way, at Sir Henrie Middletonsgoeinge,
that a matter of 25/. in peeces [rials] should bee sent to be
disposed in paper, fannes, ynkes [inksj boxes, China dishes and
the like comodities for the furnishinge of the said shopp. And by
Cap*""* Saris there was sent a Crease worth 6 or 7/., which Captaine
Keelinge gaue vnto him, beeinge a thinge of noe vse in these
parts." This explanation was accepted as quite satisfactory.

The " Committees " going to the Downs were instructed " to
aduise and perswade Cap*"'' Saris to bee contented to submitt
himselfe vnto the Companie and to permitt his goods (whatsoeuer
he hath) to bee brought vp to Mr. Gouernors house and putt into his
possession to bee seene by him and some of the Companie, and
they doe promise to deale freindlie and kindlie with him and to
vse him so respectiuelie as hee shall haue noe cause to complaine
of any hard measure towards him, butt as to one that hath done
them good seruice abroad, As they doe vnderstand he did in
ladinge pepper vpon the Orelopps after the hold was filde and

^ "Britains Bourse," opened in 1609 ; pulled down in 1737. It was
on the south side of the Strand, opposite to the site of the present
Adelphi Theatre, and ran down to the waterside (W. F.).

INTRODUCTION. 1x1

puttinge ytt into the bread roomes and some other places as they
were emptyed, which is more than ever was done by any others,
And good seruice not to bee forgotten.''

Ten pounds was paid to tlie post that brouglit the first letter
from Sans at Plymouth.

300/. was sent by the "committies" going to the Downs, to pro-
vide necessaries for the ship and to buy the goods brought home
by mariners " to preuent their sale to any others for marringe of
the marketts here."

October 7, 1614. — "Captaine Sarys beinge much condempned in
the carryage of his buysines for that he had not acquainted the
Companie with the estate of those partes where he hath bene
to discouer, as alsoe in reguard of his supposed priuate trade,
Whereupon some propounded to haue him taken out of the shipp
and brought vp to London. Butt that was generally distasted,
not to disgrace him in that manner, which would soe mayme his
reputation as that yt could nott be well salued againe. ..."

October 10, 1614. — Letters were read, one from the "committees"
sent to the Downs, explaining that the rumour of a disaster to the
Clove had arisen " by reason of a greate Flemynge that suffered
shipwrack in those parts ; " another from Capt. Saris from
IMymouth, of the 3rd Oct., " acquainteing them with the danger
he had passed rydinge at Ancour in the greate storme, within
the harbour, where yt pleased God their ancours held, whilest a
Flemynge was cast awaye ; and giuinge them further to vnder-
stand of the vnrulynes of his men, whoe doe runne ashore and
sell their goods notwithstandynge any Comandment or speeches
that he can vse. And therefore desyreth to haue one of discretion
sent downe that may assist him, by supplyinge the place of a
purser for the present to keepe Accompt of what is done."

It was resolved to act accordingly.

October 12, 1614. — A letter was read sent by ^Vm. Adams
from Hirado to Capt. Best at Bantam, bearing date ist December,
describing Saris's entertainment and privileges procured by him.^

October 14, 1614. — Resolved, when sending next to Saris, to ask
him to forward copy of " such instructions as he framed and sent
by the Concord for Lipan, as alsoe the coppie of such as he lefte
at lapan and Bantam."

October 18, 1614. — Debate on sending for Saris to come at once
overland. This proposal was negatived.

" Mr. Gouernor moued a newe question howe matters should
bee carryed att his [Saris's] retourne, and sundrye opinions de-
liuered, it was thought fittinge to haue him kindlie vsed vnlyll
some yll carryage of his be certainelie kiiowne, worthie to bee con-
dempned. And resould [resolved] to entertaine him well vntill

' This must be the letter referred to above, p. liv.

1X11 INTRODUCTION.

hee hath bene with the Kinge and dispatcht all those buysines for
the present and complement from the Emperour of lapan, and
although cause bee administred by others to bringe him to his
answeare, yett to vse him kindlie, even in his accusation, which will
bee a meanes to drawe from him the more.

" And therefore it was aduised to haue such letters pervsde as
haue beene already sent, that the same course may bee prosecuted
that hath hetherto bene followed, that a trewe decorum maye bee
held in their proceedings. And those letters beinge red which
had bene sent to Plymouth, they were approued, and held fitt to
to proceede peaceablie and fairelie with him, entreatinge Mr.
Gouernor to write a letter of salutations and another to perswade
his speedie comynge ouerland, as well to satisfie the Companie
with some enstructions to bee sent with these pynnaces^ concern-
inge their affaires at lapan, Bantam, and elsewhere, as alsoe in
reguard his Ma"*" expecteth performaunce of a present from the
Emperour of lapan, the time beinge well neare expired which Mr.
Gouernor did signifie vnto his Ma"*-

" Butt yf he shall refuse vpon sight thereof to come, then that
Mr. Gouernor would write another letter more sharplie comandinge
him to come vpp, all excuses sett aparte, which the Comittees
may keepe and not showe except they see iuste cause, And soe to
conceale all other letters that haue formerlie beene sent vnto the
Downes."

The Governor enjoined strict secrecy on all present.

October 25, 1614. — "A letter was red wrytten by Cap'°* Sayris
the 17'*^ of October, 1614,-from Plymouth wherein hee made par-
ticuler relation of his buysines at Japan, whatt Comodities are
fittinge for that place and what to be expected from thence, with
the valution of them, and proffitt thatt maye be made, which gaue
some good satisfaction for the present." Another debate took
place as to sending orders to Saris at Plymouth to come up to
London by land. This proposal was opposed on the ground that
his presence on board was necessary to keep the crew in order,
and that it would be a pity to give him so tedious a journey at
the end of a long voyage. It was accordingly dropped.

Doubts were expressed as to the benefit of " sending como-
dities directlie from hence [to Japan], supposinge that the benefitt
will not awnswere the chardge : But ytt was awnswered that
Comodities from Bantam, Siam and other places in the Indies
will make good proffitable retournes, and a maine reason for
setlinge a trade is for vent of our Cloath, and therefore, seeinge
the pynnaces are ready to goe, yt was resolued to lett them goe
on and not staie to carry any comodities for those parts, Butt

^ Now going out to Bantam.

- This letter is given in full at p. 203 of this present volume

INTRODUCTION'. Ixiii

rather to haue an other shipp followe after to goe to the Cape
with the next fleete '" and then direct to Bantam with goods for
Japan. Further deliberation was deferred until Sari.s should arrive
in town.

October 26, 1614. — " Captaine Sayris haueinge retourned cer-
taine letters and wryteinges from Plymouth, some of them were
nowc red, A coppie of the remembrances left by him at Bantam
with the factours at his goinge to lapan, A coppie of such as were
lefte att lapan with Richard Cocks, Tempest Peacocke, and the
rest there, and likewise of some others lefte at Bantam at his
comeinge away from thence, And a copi^ie alsoe of such
priuiledges as are graunted by the Emperour of Japon vnto the
English for free trade there, beeinge as ample as can be required
in that kinde."

November 11, 1614. — Hearing that Saris's brother had started
for the Downs, the Company urged their two " committees " to set
out also, who promised " to vndertake the jornye againe this
Eveninge." Saris was to be directed to come up from the Downs
overland as speedily as possible, with his books.

November 12, 16 14. — " Cap'"^ Sayris presented himselfe in
Courte, haueinge made his Jornye overland from Plymouth,
where hee lefte the Clone in the Sound vpon 1'wesdaie, finding the
wyndes soe contrary as that they had bene putt backe 5 seuerall
tymes vpon their settinge forth. And beeinge questiond of the
hopes for trade at lapan, hee acquainted them with sundrie
particulers aswell to bee had there as such as are vendible,
Mentioninge a blewe stuffe like Indico to bee had in greate
quantitie, butt a patterne thereof forgotten to be brought, beeinge
hard as a stone. Much Cambogium.^ Cloath sould of 14//. per
Cloth for 4//. the twoe flemish Elles, But yett not fullie knowne
what worth it is of, for wante of tyme at his comeinge awaye.
They affectinge that which is lowe shorne and best sett forth to
the Eye, which may best bee preserued in thinne sheete leade, to
put some of yt betwixt the foulds the better to presse the same.
Yellowe Wood that is brought from Siam is in greate request there
and sould in greate abounddaunce for readye money. And alsoe
skynnes- that are much [requested ?] in those parts. And to approue
the worth of the said wood, he instaunct that Lucas Anthewmes did
delyuer some to a Flemynge'' to bee carryed to lapan, whoe had
promisde twoe for one proffitt at his retourne. Pepper carryed
from Bantam will yeald 2 for one there at least. And whatsoeuer
is sould there is for curraunts {sic) payment in siluer, which beeinge

^ Gamboge.

* Deer-skins long formed an important article of trade from Siam.

^ See Journal, July 5.

Ixiv INTRODUCTION.

refinde at 4 per Cent may be putt into quoine or barrs, for which
any Comodities may bee had at Siam, whereby the scandall for
transportinge siluer from hence will bee taken awaye. Giueinge
the greater encouragement to that trade, because the voyage is
made in 20 dales thether and soe backe againe, takeing the
opportunitie of the Mounsonne.

" Yett he found the Dutch very opposite to hinder the English
in their proceedings all that ever they might, as well by vnder-
sellinge, contrarye to their promyse, at by all other meanes of
discouradgment, makeinge shewe of waunte without any occasion.

" Captaine Sayris delyuered his opinion likewise that at
Tahanye^ in the MoUuccaes a trade may bee beaten out for
Clones with two shipps which will bee able to oppose the
Flemynges, haueinge the consent and affection of the people of
the Countrye, whoe proferd him all kind welcome vntyll they were
discouered by the Flemyngs and dryuen awaye.

" And gaue satisfaction for sundrie other particulers demanded,
as well for his remainders att lapan as Bantam, a particuler
whereof hee brought with him. But because the factours att
Bantam had made sundrie debts, contrarye to his directions, some
desperate and some good, he therefore wisht that they should bee
warned not to trust debts vpon their owne heads.

" Assuringe them that there is noe doubt to bee made of any
force that the Spanyards can offer att Bantam or elswhere, yf men
keepe from vnder their forts ; Neither are they able to offer any
violence against our shippinge in any place, if men be prouident."

November 14, 1614. — The question whether the "Committees"
in the Downs should return at once was left for them to decide
(the ship was in the charge of the master).

A letter was received from Plymouth from Walter Peyton,
dated November 8, complaining that William Russell, Anthony
Feirs, Henry Hemmings and Mortimer Preddye had quitted
the ship.

A debate took place whether the Japan trade was likely to be
worth following up. " Whereupon Cap'"*^ Sayris made ])articuler
relation of sundrye Comodities that place doth affoard and the
proffitt that is like to bee raisde by some others carryed thether,
As well pepper from Bantam, which will yeild twoe for one. As
rawe silke, whereof there cannot bee too much carryed, Brasill
wood and skynns from Siam, all which will yeild present siluer,
which may be refinde att 4 per Cent, loss, and with that any
Comodities may be bought at Siam and Patania and of the China
Iuncke[s] ; which by a second retourne to Japan will yeild 3 for
one, with which syluer pepper or any other comodyties may be
bought att Bantam for good proffitt to be retourned for England.

^ Tihane, on the island of Makyan,

INTRODUCTION. IxV

"An other Argument was vsed to perswade, That the Flemyngs
haue bestowed 1500//. ster[ling] at least vppon a house there,
which should not haue bene done without expectation of good
prothtt, and haue reaped greate gaine to themselues. And there-
fore, seeinge a factory is already lefte there and the Countrye very
rich and populous, there needeth noe doubt to bee had butt good
trade may bee made. Whereuppon they haueinge weighed all
rcasouns, as well to perswade as disswade, were absolutelie of
opinion that the place is very hopeful! and necessary to bee nowe
seconded with one of these pynnaces,' which, cominge to Bantam
in June, may bee ready to take the Monsonne from thence to
Ia[)an ; and therefore resolued to haue one of them to bee
appointed thether with some Comodities fittinge that place.

" And being satisfyed from Captaine Sayris what Cloath and
Colours are best requested there, they resolued of sendinge some
fewe accordinge to the tyme and meanes of stowinge them,
resoluing to haue 20 prouided, Stametts, Browne, Blewes, and
Blacks, made vp in halfe Cloathes and packt vp in fyue packs with
thinne sheete leade. . . .

"And hearinge by Cap""" Sairys that stone potts are nnich
requested there. It was held fitt to send some for a tryall, And
therefore entreated Mr. Middleton to take Captaine Sayris with
him to the house in Southwarke where they bee made or any
other place where they can find them, to make choise of the
fashions, And lett a chestfull be packt vpp safelie to be sent.

" As alsoe one Barrell of Steele, which Captaine Sairys saith is
much requested alsoe. . . .

" And conceyued yt fittinge to haue one of these pynnaces sent
away to lapan, although Cap"'*^ Downton- should bee gone thether
before they come to Bantam. . . ."

November 23, 1614. — Three sailors were called to account for
leaving the Clove at Plymouth. One pleaded that he went to
visit his parents, who were living near that place. The other two,
who had got married, and thus "doubled their follie and offence,"
produced a letter from the master forbidding their return on
board, which they maintained was a discharge. They were
remanded till the master should arrive.

December 2, 1614. — The arrival of the Clove ^1 Erith was an-
nounced. It was resolved to send down hoys to bring up her
cargo. " Cap'"'= Sayris desireth to goe aboard with the Coniittees
(which they held to be a very reasonable motion, not to be denyed),

' These vessels were the Advice and Aite7ida}it. The former went
to Japan {Letters Received bv the East India Company, \ ol. iii, pp. 1 1 1
and 148).

'^ "General" of the 1614 Joint-stock \'oyage, commanding the
Gift, Hope, Hcctot and Solomon.

Ixvi INTRODUCTION.

And presumeth that he hath done the Company as good seruice
as any one, and therefore hopeth that hee shall finde as greate
kindnes from them as others haue done, Yet is very well satisfied
that whatsoeuer hee hath aboard should bee brought vp to Mr.
Gouernours house to bee veivvde, referringe himselfe to their
Courtesies."

December d^ 1614. — Hearing that the Clove is likely to be at
" the Wall " [Blackwall] this night, the Court begged Mr. Governor
and some of the Committees to go down " to see bulke broken
and appointe some to take care of the buysines aboard."

A General Court {i.e., of the members of the Company) was
held the same day. The Governor informed the assembly of the
safe return of the Clove, " her cheefe ladinge beinge Pepper, with
some silks and some other Comodities. The shippe ytselfe beinge
retourned well qualyfied, sweete and cleane and a very good shipj),
haueinge brought home good store of victualls without any wante
vnto the men in the voyage, Although some Aspersions were
cast vpon the Cap'"'^ for scantinge of his people, yett yf noe more
bee approued then what hath hitherto beene iustifyed, hee did noe
more then beseemed a wise and prouident Commander, whoe,
knowinge his voyage must necessarylie bee protracted, wisht
rather to drawe his men to a reasonable allowaunce at the begin-
ninge by proportioninge them then by contynueinge a full
hand to hazard wante and scarcitie at the latter end of his
said voyage. 1 And to giue him his due hath performed his
voyage to a place vpon discouery not formerlye knowne,
where he settled a trade, Capitulated vpon good tearmes with
the Emperour of Japan, and lefte a factory there, not with-
out good hopes of proffitt and honour to his Majestic and the
English Nation. And retourninge came not on shore at Plymouth
duringe the tearme of 6 or 7 weeks, whilest the shipp rode there ;
which things are the rather enlargd that yf vpon proofe some
ymputations that haue been cast vpon him can bee iustified, hee
should beare the burthen. Butt yf they shall appeare to haue bene
undeseruedlie \sic\ and to haue proceeded from malicious and
scandalous tongues, then that those for whome he hath Aduentured
should iustifie him, yf they heare him maligned, and carry a, good
opinion of him.

" And for the supposition that hath bene had of his priuate
trade, he oftereth for the Companyes satisfaction to bringe
all his goods into there warehouses, and will leaue himselfe
to their considerations, to deale with him as they shall thinke fitt.

"And some others delyueringe their opinions wisht, seeinge
this Company hath many Enymies, whoe willbee readye to seeke
aduantages against them, That therefore they should not be

See p. XXV.

INTRODUCTION. Ixvii

enymies to themselues by condempninge this there Comander in
that particuler of Fuller,' wiio, forgettinge himselfe, tooke him by
the throate, kickt him and strooke his Comission out of his hand
against the Missenmaste, yett he neuer putt him into the Bilbowes,
as hath beene falslie suggested. And that he could doe noe lesse
then carry a strict haunde over such an vnrulye Company, whoe
were growne to a head and were in hazard to haue ouerthrowne
the voyage yff they had bene suffered to proceede in their
mutinous courses. And yet he was not discouraged, butt per-
formed the voyage, with greate danger, and by those places where
neuer any English went before, with honour to his Kinge and
Countrye, and hopefull protfit to this Companie hereafter. And
therefore held him worthie of his due Comendations.

" Mr. Goucrnor made knowne that the Auditours, haueinge
Considered of the retourne of this shippe, doe delyuer that the
voyage will affoard three for one ; soe that whosoeuer haue yett
taken out nothinge may haue 3 Capitalls ;- yf they haue receyued
one, then twoe more ; and soe proportionablie "

December \T^, 1614. — It was announced that Saris's goods had
all been brought into the Company's warehouses, and that he
had delivered a list of them and had offered to sell them to the
Company. A debate arose as to his private trade, some alleging
that "other private Men haue formerlie done the lyke." Against
this it was asserted that he had "brought butt a small matter of
spice for the Company and as greate, yf nott a greater, for him-
selfe in some kinde," and that all this private trading must be put
down, "seeinge ytt will bee a meanes to ouerthrowe their voyages
hereafter." .... " Mr. Gouernor delyuered his opinion that he
doubteth priuate trade Cannott bee avoyded by this Companie
and is partlie out of hope ; " and he pointed out that if dealt with
severely in London, future captains would find means to put their
goods ashore at Plymouth. In the end a committee of seven was
appointed to look into Saris's commission, to see how far he was
debarred from private trade : "that yf hee haue deserued well hee
maye haue a faire loose ; if yll, to vndergoe their censure."

December 16, 1614. — "Some imputacions and aspertions beeinge
cast vpon Cap'"*" Saris for certeine lasciuious bookes and pictures
brought home by him and diuulged (as was delyuered), which is
held to be a greate scandall vnto this Companye and vnbeseeminge
their grauitie to permitte, Mr. Gouernour assured them of his
dislike thereof, the rather for that yt was in his howse ; and
therefore purposed to gett them out of his [Saris's] haunds yf
possiblie he could, to bee burnt or otherwise disposed of as the

^ Master of the Hector. See above, p. x\ii.

^ That is, two hundred per cent, profit ; but this of course must be
spread over four ) ears at least [W. F.].

Ixviii INTRODUCTION.

Company should thinke fitt, or else to free his house of them and
him both."

Decetnber 20, 1614. — "A note was red which Cap'"*^ Sarys hath
procured of some proceedings of the Dutch at the Mollaccaes and
which hee desireth may not be much questiond howe he came by
them,^ In the passage whereof there appeareth in them greate hopes
of haueinge trade with China, And therefore a good encourragement
for this nation to expect and attempt the hke courses, by surpriz-
inge their shippinge, which, although the Emperour reguardeth
not (as is allegd) yet there may bee hopes of a meanes thereby
thatt his people will mutinye against him, for losse of their goods
and Men. And supposinge that there may bee many other good
obseruacions gathered out of the same they entreated him to
procure the rest of the wrightinge to bee translated."

Captain Keeling- was ordered to have "some priuate and
spetiall direccions" to bring away any of the Dutch merchants
" whome hee shall finde willinge and desirous of such a fauour."

The appointed " committees" were requested to meet and settle
Saris's business.

" Some of Cap'"^ Saris Company runninge away from him at
Japan, their wyues and freinds demandinge such wages as were
due vnto them for their service till the tyme of their departure,
The Companie held noe wages to bee due vnto them, haueinge
forsaken the shipp. And therefore would not giue way to haue any
parte thereof paid vnto any man or woman.

" Mr. Gouernor acquainted this Courte that the skrenes which
are sent vnto his Maiestie from lapan (beinge halfe a score in
number) are not so good as some of those which the Company
haue, And did therefore wishe that nott aboue 2 or 3 should bee
presented to his Maiestie and exchange some of the best of the
Companies in stead of them ; wherein they desyred Mr. Gouer-
nour to vse his discrecion and to doe therein as he should
thinke fitt."

January 10, 1615. — "Mr. Gouernor acquainted them that
greate speeches haueinge bene made of certaine bookes brought
home by Cap'"^ Saris, which causde the Companie and Mr.
Gouernours house to bee censurde, he hath procured them from
Cap'"^ Saris, and shut them vp ever since, and nowe hath brought
them forth that such as haue heard derogatorye speeches vsed
vpon the Exchange and elswhere should nowe likewise be eye
witnesses of the consuminge them in the fire, which he hoped
would giue satisfaccion to any honestlie affected, that such wicked
spectacles are not fostered and mayntayned by any of this Com-
panie. And thereupon in open presence putt them into the fire,
where they contynued till they were burnt and turnd into smoke. '

^ Probably these are the notes referred to on p. 25 fW. F.).

- He was about to start for the East in command of the 1615 fleet.

INTRODUCTION. Ixix

January 14, 1615. — Godfrey Keagle, brewer, having lent 30/.
to one " Kaffar Molikantin," a sailor of the Clove, requested
payment from his wages. As the sailor had deserted in Japan,
the Court declared his wages forfeited; hut for pity of "the
pt)ore man," the case was referred to two of the Committees to
consider of it.

" Captaine Keeling desired to haue such enstruccions from
Cap'"*" Saris as he hath obserued concerninge lapan, as well of
the manners and disposicions of those people as the Marchandiz-
inge or any other obseruacions that hee hath made concerninge
those parts. Whereupon they entreated Mr. Hanford to vnder-
take the care thereof to see them effected, and to procure them
from Captaine Sarys, with his Jornall."

January 30, 16 15. — "An ould man, one Richard Edens, father
of Christopher Edens,^ preferd his peticion, craued to be releeued
with his sonnes wages ;" but as the son had deserted in Japan,
they held no wages to be due (" as had bene concluded by the
Trynitie house in the lyke cases "). " But to releeue the ould
man, whoe seemed to bee in necessitie," 40^". was given to him out
of the poor-box.

January 31, 1615. — Orders were given that Saris should be
consulted as to commodities suitable for Japan.

Same day. — Meeting of the special committee, consisting of Sir
Thomas Smythe, Wm. Halliday, Robt. Johnson, and H. Hanford.
The last reported that he had examined Saris's accounts and found
them satisfactory.

" Then proccedinge to the Consideracion of the present
buysines, which is the examinacion of his Commission, they finde
that nothinge cann be allegd against him, but onelie for his
priuate trade, wherein his owne lettres gaue the iuste cause of
Jelousie, and the Companie tooke a strict course in sendinge
downe, as they did, twoe of the Committees, whoe tooke notyce
of whatsoeuer he had. And Mr. Hanford deliuered a note thereof
vnto the Companie, And is of opinion that for performance of his
voyage and makinge a proffitable retourne, none haue formerlie
done better.

" Butt some obieccions were made by reason of his yll carryage
towards his people, after such a Tyrannicall manner, as some haue
accused him, Whereunto awnswere was made that seeinge others
doe not accuse him, there is noe reason for this Companie to
prosecute any such matter, seeinge what he did was to doe them
service and to punishe some whoe comtempned the Commission
and the authoritie giuen him by his maiestie. Butt they ought
rather to maintaine him, although he should haue exceeded his
authoritie a little, for otherwise yf they themselues shall call their

1 Apparently an error for '' Evans."

Ixx INTRODUCTION.

Commanders in question for tyrannye, when none others doe stand
vp to accuse them, they will terrific them from executinge due
punishment hereafter for any acts that shall bee Committed.
And for him, hee hath bene accused of soe many things, but
nothinge approued. Soe thatt in conclusion they grewe to this
head, to examine his Comission, howe he hath carryed himselfe
towards the Companie, and to satisfie themselues concerninge his
priuate trade, that haueinge giuen that occasion of suspicion by
his lettres (which were intercepted) and many haue taken notice
of, That therefore the particulers should be examined, to satisfie
both themselues and others, least an ymputacion be cast vpon
the Comittees and him, if yt should be lett passe. And therefore
resolued and ordered that Mr. Hamersley, whoe hath already
taken some paines therin, should examine his priuate trade out
of the bookes at the Custome house and make reporte att another
meetinge howe hee doth finde such things, that an end may be
made one way or other, hee himselfe supposinge that he hath had
much wronge to be vsed thus hardlie by the Companie, more
then ever any others haue bene heretofore, and that they doe
beginne with him to make him the first president [precedent] of
their seueritie, And haue lett others passe that haue nott deserued
soe well nor performed such service as he hath done, yf they were
ballauncte together."

February 9, 1615. — Special Committee of four (as before).

" This meetinge beeinge appointed to consider further and de-
term yne of Cap'"'= Sarys buysines. They made question howe those
greate number of presennts should be bestowed which were men-
tioned in his accompt, amountinge to 3000 and od Rialls, which
Mr. Hanford (whoe had lookt into the estate of his Accompts)
awnswered were partlie bestowed in the Red Sea, vpon the
Bashawe at Moha, and partlie att lapan, which prinnces will expect
greate presents whoe are sought vnto, yet whatsoeuer had bene
presented was with the factours approbacion.

"They then paste to his priuate trade, taxinge him greatlie for
the same, and houldinge him worthie to bee made an example for
the same, haueinge straied soe farre beyond his Comission, Rut his
greifes were laid open, whereby he conceyued himselfe much
wrongd in that pointe. That whereas many others haue heretofore
vsed priuate trade, and in one particuler (late) instance, Mr.
Bests was double as much as his, whose voyage brought forth
but twoe for one, yet his service was recompenct with a gratifica-
cion, whereas hee himselfe sent home twoe shipps at first, went
forth with the third, accordinge to his Comission, past further then
ever any Englishman did, with much honour to his Nation, and
as greate proffitt to the Aduenturers (if not more) then others
formerlie haue done, and yet they cleared and their Actions past
ouer, and he onelie censurde more then they all. And whereas
many things are supposed and suspected by waye of Circumstaunce,

INTRODUCTION. Ixxi

haueinge noe appaianntc proolc but imaginacion, II was ihciclurc
wisht to insiste vpon those things oncHc which are apparantlie to
bee condempned, nanieHe his priuate trade in himselfe and per-
mittinge yt in others. And hee presentinge himselfe in Courte,
was certytied of liis errours by Mr. Gouernour, espetialHe in his
l^riuate trade, which was in the same Comodities the shippe was
laden with, which Cannott bee excused, and permittinge yt in others,
As some particulers were named, of one John Thompson, whoe
sould 2600 waight of pepper at Plymouth (as is said) besides
Cloues and Nutmegs, together with some others, Soe that yt is
allegd that there was sould 9000 waight of pepper and as much
of Cloues. But he vtterlie denyed to haue sould any parte of that
greate quantitie at Plymouth, or that any of yt was for his vse :
I'hat Thompsons name was but vsed by some whoe coulerd their
goods vnder his name : And for his owne particuler, held yt his
owne errour that he is otherwise vsed then other men haue here-
tofore bene, in that he sould them nott away at Plymouth, but
put them into their hannds ; and confessinge th e tolleratinge yt
in his people, to giue them meanes of encouradgment to stand for
there owne goods vpon any occasion of necessitie, as well as for
the Companie. But beinge taxt for interceptinge and openinge
the Companies lettres, he awnswered that yt was after the shipps
were departed from the Roade, which he did to bee satisfied of
their contents, to frame his voyage and proceedings accordinglie.

" And beeinge questioned in some particulers concerninge Sir
Henry Middleton, he certified them thatt Sir Henrie acquainted
him, in the Red Sea, that his estate was worth 2000/., but what
became thereof, or befell afterwards, he knoweth not. Yet he
aduised him there to haue loded the Trades Encrease z.x\(l sent her
for England from the Red Sea, where was ladinge enoughe to haue
bene had for her, assuringe them that yf yt had nott bene for him
and his dissuasions, there had bene pillage made there, which might
haue bene an occasion to haue had all seazd vpon here. And
after longe debatinge of the buysines, and much time spent, many
obiections made and his awnswere retournd, he in conclusion
confest his errour in his priuate trade, but expected the like kinde
dealinge which others had found, haueinge alwayes preferd the
good of the voyage, as he protested. Whereupon they at last
grewe to this consideracion, thatt they intended not to make him
an absolute example, in reguard of the smalnes of his wages, but
were contented to lett him haue his wages and goods. And onlie
reserued his Bond, to be determynd by the Companie, whether
they will lett him passe without fraight."

February 14, 161 5. — As the result of a conference with Saris,
the following goods were ordered to be provided for Japan :

" Broad cloaths, Bayes, Leade, Gallyopotts, wrightinge tables,
refind camphire, Elephannts teeth, Holland cloath, Cambricke
and Lawnes, Slescer cloath. Pictures of warres, Steele in gadds,

Ixxii INTRODUCTION.

Skynnes, Sanders wood, Rawe silke of Canton and Lancton, with
sundrye other particulers."

March 7, 1615. — The Committees reported their dehberations
concerning Saris and a letter was read from him " to excuse
matters paste, and comparinge his service and deserts with other

mens Charging both Mr. Gouernour and Comittees with

a promise made by them at Grauesend that if his voyage suc-
ceeded well he should finde them thankfull for a gratificacion over
and aboue his wages." As to his opening the letters sent to the
Company by their factors, " he excusd, supposinge he might
lawfully haue opened them, beinge one of the Company."^ This
right was of course denied. As to his private trade, he reiterated
that it " was nothinge comparable to that which some others had,"
who had escaped censure.

Some insinuated that the Committees had not been sufficiently
severe, and that all that had been done was " but onlie meere
showes without any substaunce." This was indignantly repudiated
by Smythe, who declared that he had acted solely in the Company's
interest and had in no way sheltered the offender.

It was also suggested that Saris had made a profit out of the
presents alleged by him to have been given ; but this was refuted
by pointing out that the factors, who consented to the giving of
the presents, were also eye-witnesses of their delivery, and would
have detected any attempt at fraud.

Being interrupted by some new arrivals, " the Courte sodainelie
brake vpp and nothinge was absolutelie determynd."

March 10, 161 5. — Messrs. Hamersley and Hanford reported
that, as regards presents, all were given with the written consent of
the factors, and that half of them " were to the Emperour, besides
greate presennts out of his [Saris's] own particuler purse to dyuers
personns and extraordinary charges he was att in puttinge him-
selfe into braue apparrell to confront the Portugalls and Flemyngs,
whoe sought all the meanes that possiblie they could to disgrace
him, whereby he \¥as at the extraordinary expences of 400//. in
his owne particuler, as he is ready to bee deposd, and chargeth
not one penny thereof vnto the Companies Accompt, haueinge
done yt for the honnour of his Countrye and the grace of this Com-
panie, whereby there shalbe noe neede hereafter of giueinge vnto
the Emperour, and hath procured large priuiledges vnder the Em-
perours firme, and, amongst other things, that noe Custome shall
bee paid inwards or outwards for any goods."

" Some obserued that haueinge bene the chargablest voyage,
because of the length and contynuance, yet yt is found to be as
proffitable as any other, and therefore held yt reasonable to giue him
his due for his good deserts, And yf they doe finde iustlie by his

^ This shows that he was a freeman, if not an adventurer.

INTRODUCTION. Ixxiii

yll carriage that he hath offended, then to taxc him for the same.
And thereuppon some again (as formerhe) discouered the discon-
tent of the Companie, i in opening the lettres sent to Mr. Gouernour,
2 for his priuate trade, and 3 by his sleight reguard of the Co-
mittees in generall. But his awnswere to the first was that
knowinge a Coppie had bene sent of the said letter, and he desiringe
to be satisfied what things had bene done in his absence, did yt
by the consent of Ball himselfe. His priuate trade is lesse then
some other mens, which they haue past over, and Mr. Hamersley
haueinge taken notice of his goods here and in the outports, doth
finde noe more entred in his name. And for his carryage towards
the Comittees, he knoweth not that he hath offended in that
mattere. These things haueinge bene thus prest against him and
matters heard without partialitie and prosecuted without affeccion,
some mociond to haue an end putt to the said buysines, which
they supposed is to bee effected by twoe questions : i, whether
to giue his bond and pardon his freight ; 2, And whether to giue
him a gratificacion. But before they preceded vnto them, some
wisht that they would bee pleased to take vnto their Considera-
cions the small wages that he had at his goinge forth, which if
they had be[nej awnswearable to Mr. Bests would haue aduanct
[him ?J 500//. more, or yf such as Sir Henry Middletons, would haue
aduanct him iioo//. more. And he himselfe presseth much the
promise made him at Grauesend, to be considered accordinge
to his deserts. The question at last beeinge propounded, they
were contented by ereccion of hannds to giue him his bond and
pardon his freight. But the second beinge putt, for a gratifica-
cion, some aduised not to doe yt presentlie, for distastinge the
generalitie, but rather to respite yt awhile, although others thought
yt fitt to determyne the same without any further protraction, yt
beeinge in their owne power to effect, and knowinge the reasons
whie they did it, there are none will be soe vncyuill to censure them
but they shalbe able to giue them sufficient awnswere. And the
question beinge putt, they did by erection of hannds deferre the
bestowinge of any gratificacion as yett, but to respite yt a while,
that all may not be done too sodenlie together."

March 17, 161 5. — (General Court for sale of goods.) A
" Biobee or Skreene guilded and painted with .some resemblances
of warfare" was knocked down to the Governor for 6/.

"Annother Biobee, .... portrayde full of horses," was sold
to him for 4/. 135-. od., with a duplicate for 4/. i \s. os.

Three other " Biobees of warfare " sold for 5/. 1 2s. od.^
5/. ly. 4d. and 6/. 15^'. od.

Two " portrayde with fowles " fetched 3/. ;^s. od. and 4/. 7^^. od. ;
and three " of huntinge," 10/., 8/. i^. od. and 8/. 5^'. od.

June 20, 1 615. — Saris's business was again considered. The
charges against him and his answers, " acknowledginge that he

Ixxiv INTRODUCTION.

erd like a man, but is nowe otherwise altered from that hee was at
his retourne, beeinge changed and much reformed, which reasons
beinge dulie weighed and considered, they thought it fitt to giue
him some good gratificacion for his and all others better
encouragements. And twoe somes beeinge propounded of 300 //.
and 500 markes, they bestowed vpon him freelie by ereccion of
hannds the some of 500 markes, which some promised he should
thankfullie accept and acknowlegd their kindnes vnto him."

July 4, 1 61 5. — A letter of thanks from Saris was read, requesting
also to be permitted to increase his adventure from 400/. to
2000/. He was permitted to make it 1000/.

August 19, 1 61 5. — John Saris passed over to Ralph Gore his
adventures of 25/. in the Seventh Voyage, 45/. in the Ninth
Voyage, and 400/. in part of his adventure in the Joint Stock, with
all profits.

June 7, 1622. — John Saris transferred 300/. adventure in the
First Joint Stock to William Stone, the Company's treasurer.

X. — The Subsequent Career of Captain Saris.^

Saris did not again tempt fortune in the East.- He had
secured at all events a competence, and he resolved to
settle down and enjoy it.

About 161 5 he married Anne, daughter of William
Meggs, of Whitechapel, and granddaughter (on her mother's
side) of Sir Thomas Cambell, Lord Mayor in 1609-10.
In the twenty-ninth year of her age, and the eighth year
of her married life, she died without issue, on February 21,
1623,^ and was buried in the parish church of St.
Botolph, Thames Street. This building, described by

1 This Section has been contributed by Mr. F6ster.

2 On June 22, 1616, William Eaton wrote from Hirado to Richard
Wickham at Miako : "Hee [Saris] is in good extemation with the
Companie in England and .... it is thought hee shall Come out
Generall this yeare of the best fleate of shipes that ever Come to the
Easte Indies " (O. C, No. 371) ; but this was mere rumour.

3 This date is taken from the inscription on her monument, as given
by Strype in his SiO'vey of London (1720), Book II, p. 167 ; and is
confirmed by two of the pedigrees referred to on p. vii {Harleian MSS.
1 55 1 and 4964).

INTRODUCTION. Ixxv

Stow as " a proper church," stood on the south side of
Thames Street, opposite the bottom of Botolph Lane. It
was burnt down in the Great Fire, and was not rebuilt ;
and the " ver\' fair monument in the wall of the south aisle,"
which Str)'pe sa\-s was raised to her memor}' b\- her
sorrowing husband, has of course disappeared.

From her burial in tliis spot it ma}- be inferred that her
husband was then residinj^ in the neighbourhood ; but
some five or six years after her death he moved to Fulham.
His name first appears in the poor-rate assesments for
that parish in 1629, and continues from that date until his
death. ^ The house he occupied was in Church Row. It
was pulled down in 1750, and Sir William Fowell's Alms-
houses now stand upon its site.- Here he lived quietly
until the winter of 1643, when he died on December 11,
and was buried on the 19th, a fee of 2s. 6c/. being paid to
the churchwardens " for the buriall." His monument, a
large black stone in the floor to the right of the altar, may
still be seen in F'ulham Church, though it is partially hidden
by the choir-stalls. It bears the arms of himself and his
wife, with the following inscription : —

" Here lyeth interred the Body of | Captayn lohn Saris, of
Fulham, in | the County of Middlesex, Esq., who ] departed this
Life the n day of December, Ao. Dni. 1643, Age 63 years. | He
had to wife Anne, the | davghter of William Migges | of London,
Esq. She de])arted this life the second (sic) day of | February, Ao.
Dni. I 1622 [i.e., 1623] | and lieth bu | ried in the Parishe Chvrch
of St. j Botolph in Thame-Street, | being aged 21 (sic) yeares."-'

B\' his will (cop)' in Somerset House : Twisse, 146), dated
April 18, 1643, and proved October 2, 1646, he left the bulk
of his property to the children of his half-brother George,
who had died in 1631. To the poor of Fulham parish,
however, he left thirty pounds, to be expended in two-

1 Fulham Old and Ncil'^ by Mr. C. J. Fcret, vol. i, p. 230.

- Ibid.^ p. 138. " Ibid., p. 230. and Faulkner's Fulham, p. 72.

Ixxvi INTRODUCTION.

penny loaves, which were to be distributed to thirty poor
people every Sunday, after sermon, until the amount was
exhausted.

XI. — Correspondence between King James I and
Japanese Potentates. Saris's Petition.
The Privileges. The Japanese Document
in Purchas.

In his journal Saris says that while in the Thames he
received four royal letters, " wheareof one a blanke,"^
directed to the Great Mogoll of Surat and Cambaya, the
Emperor of Japan, the King of Ferando, and the King of
Bantam. The second of these'- is here reproduced : —

"James, by the grace of Alniightie God, kinge of greate
Brittaine, Fraunce and Ireland, defender of the Christian faithe,
etc., to the highe and mightie Prince the Emperour of Japan, etc :
greetinge.

" Most highe and mightie Prince,

" As there is nothinge which increaseth more the glorie and
dignitie of Souereigne Princes vpon earth then to extend their
renowne vnto farr discident Nations : Soe, haueing vnderstoode
of late yeares from some of our loueinge Subjects that haue
traded into diuers Countries neere adioyneinge vnto yours, of the
reputacion and greatnes of your power and dominion : Wee haue
incourradged our said subiects to vndertake a Voyadge into your
Countrey, aswell to solicitt your freindshipp and Amity with vs
as to enterchange such Comodities of each others Countreys as
may be most of vse the one to the other, beinge nothinge
doubtful! but such will be your princelie magnanimitie and dis-
position as to be readie to ymbrace this our desier, and not
onlie to receiue our people with your accustomed benignitie
and favor butt, for their better encouradgment, to affourd them
your Royall proteccion for the setlinge of a Factorie there with
such securitie and libertie of Comerce as shall be most con-

1 I.e.^ a royal letter signed and dated, but widi a space left for the
insertion of the name of any potentate to whom the factors might
think fit to deliver it. Among the Cotton Charters at the British
Museum will be found actual specimens of a " blank" and of a letter
to the ''Emperour of Japan," both dated April ii, 1614 (W. F.;.

2 First printed in The Fhst Letter- Book of the East India Company,
p. 422, from a contemporary copy at the India Office.

INTROni'CTtOK. Ix.wil

venient for the aduancement of the mutuall proiifitt and Conio-
ditie of each others Subiects ; Wherein, for our parte, wee doe
willinglie offer ourselues and the libertie of our kingdomes and
Countres whensoeuer any of your Subiects shall vndertake to
haue comunicacion with vs. And soe wee pray Almightie God
to blesse and prosper you and to make you victorious against your
Enemies.

" From our Pallace at Westminster this [/'/a/iA'] of January in the
Eight yeare of our Reigne^ of Greate Brittaine, Fraunce and
Ireland."

The Japanese version of this letter is extant in MS. in
various Japanese collections, and has been printed by
Siiganuma at p. 514 of his Dai-Nilion Shogio-Shi [History
of Japa)icsc Commerce). It is described in the Ikoku Nikki
as written on wax-paper (? vellum) 2 ft. wide and i ft. 6 ins.
deep, with an illuminated margin on three sides, and sealed
with a waxen seal. " Being written in foreign characters
which could not be read, Anji (Wm. Adams) was invited
to write a translation in kana (the syllabic writing of
Japan)." This was afterwards written out again in the
usual mixture of Chinese and Japanese character.

Re-translated from the Japanese, the letter reads thus : —

" By the grace of God King of Great Britain, France and
Ireland these eleven years past. How great is the glory of the
Shogun Sama of Japan has been heard with certainty in Our
country, wherefore We have sent Captain general John Saris and
others as Our representatives to pay Our compliments to the
Shogun Sama of Japan. If it is as we say,- Our country is pro-
foundly satisfied that the conditions of our respective countries
are greatly communicated."^ Henceforth every year you should
allow numbers of merchant ships to be sent, to cement friendship
between the merchants of both parties, and to traffic in the
articles that may be desired on either side. Moreover, if it be
the friendly wish of the Shugun Sama of Japan, merchants shall
be left here* to promote mutual friendship. Then Japanese
merchants shall be invited freely to Our country, and allowed

^ I.e.^ January, 161 1.

- This phrase mij^ht well be omitted in translating. It amounts to
no more than beginning a new paragraph.

^ Or put in circulation. It is awkwardly expressed by the translator,
and it is not quite easy to guess what he meant.

■* I.e., in Japan, where ihe lianslalcr is v>uiiiig.

Ixxviii INTRODUCTION.

to supply and traffic in the precious articles of Japan. Thus for
ever and ever, We will, as We say, communicate with Japan
without any feeling of aloofness.

" King James Rex,
"At his castle of Westminster, King of Great Britain.
"To the Shogun Sama of Japan."

It will be observed that the translator inserts the name
of Saris, which is not in the original letter from England,
and that he translates " Emperor" by Shogun, Saina being
a title that may be rendered by " Monsieur." Also that
he alters the date, so as to make it appear that the letter
was written in the i ith year of King James. The style of
the Japanese version is not good, while certain expressions
are employed in an unfamiliar manner, and the copies vary
slightly. The preceding re-translation is as close as the
Editor has been able to render it under these circumstances.

The answer of lyeyasu to King James has likewise been
preserved in Japan, and is here given in translation. It
maybe compared with Saris's version in the journal (p. 137),
which is much freer and has a more complimentary ring
about it.

" Minamoto no lyeyasu of Japan replies to His Honour the
Lord of Igarateira. By the naval envoy who has borne the fatigue
of a long journey we have for the first time received a letter, from
which we have seen that the government of your honoured
country as described on paper preserves the right way. In
particular 1 have received numerous presents of your productions,
in which I esteem myself very fortunate. I will follow your pro-
posals in respect of cultivating neighbourly feeling with my country,
and maintaining mutual intercourse by merchant vessels. Though
separated by ten thousand leagues of clouds and waves, our
territories are as it Avere close to each other. I send some poor
specimens of what this country affords, as enumerated in the
accompanying list, as a slight token of regard. Spare yourself as
the weather changes.

" Keicho, iSthyear,^ corresponding to niidzunoto ushi,"^ ninth
month, first decade."^

1 1613. ■' The fifty-serond year of the cycle of sixty years.

^ Corresponding to 4 October, O.S.

INTRODUCTION. IxxiX

The letter of Kiiii^ James to the " Kini;" of Fcrancio" was
doubtless worded in precisely the same manner as that to
the " Emperor." No Japanese copy has been preserved,
but the text of Matsura Hoin's reply is extant, and a
translation here follows. In comparison with the version
given by Saris in his journal (p. 195), as prepared for him
by two Chinese residents at Bantam, its style seems some-
what bald, but there can be no doubt that both represent
the same original text.

" I cannot sufficiently express my great gladness and thanks for
the courteous letter and the gifts of various of your productions
sent by the hands of your envoy John Saris, wherein I have been
the fortunate recipient of your great kindness. By way of a
requital of but trifling value, I pray for the continuance of our
correspondence. I rejoice at the safe arrival of your envoy at
•this little island after so long a journey. I am not able imme-
diately to find any of our productions which may be suitable for
exchange, but before long we shall be able to commence trade
with some of the articles of which we mutually stand in need.
The trade at this place shall be committed to the hands of the
officials of your honoured country, and I will show my gratitude
by sending a few articles in exchange by the hands of one of my
officers.^

" I pray moreover that you will take care of your health, and
enjoy peace and prosperity.

" Hoin of Hirado Island in Japan.
" 6'" day of the 10''' moon of this country,
18''' year of Keicho (9 November 16 13, O. S.)
"To the English King Paramount."'^

The Japanese document printed by Purchas as the
" laponian Charter," and now reproduced, is not a cop}' of
the Privileges, but of the abbreviated articles presented by
Saris, as it would seem, through Adams on September 10
(sec p. 131). Of this Japanese document Saris must have
brought back a copy to England, under the impression

1 The character here conjecturally rendered "officers" cannot be
deciphered with certainty.

- The expression used in tlie original is so-o, Hterallv " King
of All."

IxXX INTRODUCTION.

that it was a copy of the Privileges, and have given it
to Purchas for pubHcation.

Of the Privileges, according to Japanese sources of
information, there were two copies, both authenticated by
the seal of lyeyasu, of which one was for the use of the
factory at Hirado, and the other intended to serve as a sort
of passport for the next English vessel that should visit
Japan. The one Saris accordingly left at Hirado in the
care of Cocks, ^ and it was no doubt surrendered in i6i6.^
The other copy was probably furnished to the Osiander,
which arrived at Hirado from Bantam, August 31, 161 5.

A MS. copy of a petition in several articles has been
unearthed by Professor Riess from the Cotton Charters
in the British INTuseum,'^ and reads as follows : —

Sorongo in Japon. October the 7th [2nd?].

The Coppie of such priviledges are [as ?] were demaunded
of the Emperor of Japon by Gennerall Sayres In the name
of the Kings Maiesties of England, for Trade in Japon,
which were accordinglie graunted, As per his Charter
written in the Japon Language and sealed with his Braude
Scale appereth, viz.

Inprimis, That his Maiestie would be pleased to graunte free
lycence to all the Subiects of the King of England that they may
for ever safely come into any his Ports and Kingdoms of Japon
with their Ships and marchantdize, without any hinderance to
them or their goods, and to abide, buy, sell and exchange
according to their owne manner with all nations whatsoever, and
to tarrey soe long as they will and depart at their pleasures, And
that all such marchantdize as they have or hereafter shall bring
into his Kingdomes, or sliall transport to any forraigne part, to be
free of ail Costomes whatsoever. And that the hereafter Ships
may make present sale of their Comodeties without further order
or sending vp to his ISIaiestie.

^ Letters Received by the East India Company, vol. ii, p. 7. " I leave
with you the Emperor^s privileges for trade."

2 Cocks's /Jzaryy letter of January i, 1617, vol. ii, pp.279, 280. and 281.

^ No. xxvi, 28. Dr. Riess has, by an oversight, given as the
reference No. iii, 13, which is in the same volume. The copy appears
to be in the handwriting of John Osterwick, who arri\ed in Japan in
161 5 (W. F.).

ft M I;

■^

INTRODUCTION. Ixxxi

2. Item, If their Ships shalbe in daunger to be lost and perish
and shall stand in neede of his suhiects helpe, that Coniaunde
may he given to assist them, And wliat shalbe saved to retorne to
the niarchants. And that he would give a suftitient platt of
grounde to build vppon ; and the same howse to be at the dis-
posing of the Cape marchant, to make sale of at their departure
out of the Countrie.

3. Item, Yf any of them depart this life, he to whome the
Cape marchant shall saye his goods belonge shall possesse
the same. And for any offence Comitted by them, that the
Justice of this land take no hould either of their persons nor
goods, but to be referred to the sayde Cape marchants discre-
tion.

4. Item, That all bargaynes made by them shalbe firme, and
that no mann retorne their wares, but pave for them according to
agreement.

5. Item, to graunte for himselfe and for his heires That all such
marchantdizes as are meete for his Service, that noe arrest may be
made thereof, but to give present accompt at such prices as they
(sic) marchant could sell them for reddy monney.

6. Item, That for such marchantdize as the Realme of England
affoardeth, whereof a particuler hath byn delyvered, it may be
knowne what sorts and quantities he will have yerely brought, and
that a certaine price may be agreed vppon, which shall accord-
inglie be perforemed.

7. Item, That [if?] in discouery of any other places of Trade or
retorne of owre owne Ships, they shall have neede of either menn
or victualls for accomplishing thereof : That Comaunde may be
given that they may be furnished thereof as their needes shall
require vppon resonable sattisfaccion without any other further
treble. And that his Maiestie will graunte his free passe for
Eadso, an Hand neere adioyning his Domynions yett unknowne.

Jo. Sayres.

In his journal under date of September 9 (see p. 131),
Saris writes : " I dcliuered him [the Secretary of lyeyasu]
the Articles or demaundes to be granted by the Emperor,
which he desired might be abreuiated.

" The loth the Articles abreuiated, I sent them by
Mr. Addams to the secrytarye, which wcare deliuered the
Emperor, whoe liked well thereof."

The following is a free translation of this second
petition : —

INTRODUCTION. Ixxxi

2. Item, If their Ships shalbe in daunger to be lost and perish
and shall stand in neede of his suhiects heipe, that Coniaunde
may be L;iven to assist them, And what shalbe saved to retorne to
the marchants. And that he would give a suf'titient platt of
grounde to build vppon ; and the same howse to be at the dis-
posing of the Cape marchant, to make sale of at their departure
out of the Countrie.

4. Item, That all bargaynes made by them shalbe firmc, and
that no mann retorne their wares, but paye for them according to
agreement.

7. Item, That [if?] in discouery of any other places of Trade or
retorne of owre owne Ships, they shall have neede of either mcnn
or victualls for accomplishing thereof : That Comaunde may be
given that they may be furnished thereof as their needes shall
require vppon resonable sattisfaccion without any other further
troble. And that his Maiestie will graunte his free passe for
Eadso, an Hand neere adioyning his Domynions yett unknowne.

Jo. Savres.

" The loth the Articles abreuiated, I sent them by
Mr. Addams to the secrytarye, which wcare deliuered the
Emperor, whoe liked well thereof."

The following is a free translation of this second
petition : —

Ixxxii INTRODUCTION.

" Memorandum.

" I have come to lapan for the first time. His Highness shall
permit trade to be freely carried on.

"As to goods for the use of Their Two Highnesses, that they
shall be pleased to furnish a list of what is required.

" That they shall prevent any attempt to force a sale or other-
wise commit violence in respect of the cargo of the English ships.

" That they shall permit English ships to freely enter any port
of Japan when compelled by stress of weather. That the English
may build houses and carry on trade at whatever port they wish,
and to that end that a piece of ground be given to them.

" That they shall be permitted to buy directly from the
merchants any articles they may wish to purchase in Japan.

" When Japanese and Englishmen quarrel that the merits shall
be inquired into, and decision given exactly in accordance there-
with.

" That if the English desire to return home, they shall be
allowed to do so at any time ; and that in connexion with their
return home they shall be allowed, before leaving, to sell the
houses they have built.

" From Captain John Saris

" General."

The document is undated. It will be noticed that two
matters are omitted which are in the Cotton MS., namely,
the grant of a free pass " for Eadso, an Hand neere adioyn-
ing his Domynions," and the power to be granted to the
Cape merchant to administer to the goods of a deceased
Englishman. The latter, however, makes its appearance
in the Japanese copy of the privileges. In Adams's undated
letter to the East India Company giving his account of
Saris's mission, he says that lyeyasu had talked to him
about the island of Yezo, and " told me yf I did go, he
would geue me his letter of frindship to the land of
Yedzoo, whear his subiects haue frinship."^ This conver-
sation seems to have taken place on September ii, and on
the following day Saris and Adams left for Yedo. They
returned to Sumpu on September 29, and on October 8
Saris received lyeyasu's answer to King James, dated

^ Rundall, Memorials^ p. 66 ; reprinted in Letters Received by the
East India Company^ vol. i, p. 323.

INTRODUCTION. Ixxxiii

October 4, together with the Privileges, which were
dated October 2. These documents were probably pre-
pared during their absence. The following translation
of the Privileges is from a paper published by Professor
Riess : — ^

" I. The ship that has now for the first time come from England
over the sea to Japan may carry on trade of all kinds without
hindrance. With regard to future visits (of English ships) per-
mission will be given in regard to all matters. -

" 2. With regard to the cargoes of ships, requisitions will be
made by list according to the requirements of the Shogunate.

" 3. (English ships) are free to visit any port in Japan. If
disabled by storms they may put into any harbour.

" 4. Ground in the place in Yedo which they may desire shall be
given to the English, and they may erect houses and reside and
trade there. They shall be at liberty to return to their country
whenever they wish to do so, and to dispose as they like of the
houses they have erected.

" 5. If any Englishman dies in Japan of disease or any other
cause, his effects shall be handed over without fail.

" 6. Forced sales of cargoes and violence^ shall not take place.

" 7. If one of the English should commit an offence, he shall
be sentenced by the English General (Talshu) according to the
gravity of the offence.

"The above is as stated, 18, Keicho 8 month 28 day (Oct.
13th, 1 61 3).*

" Red seal.

" Ingirateira (England)."

The translation of these privileges furnished to Purchas
will be found in the journal under the date of October 8,
1613.^ It was probably the joint production of Adams
and the native linguist whom Saris had taken from Hirado.

1 Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, vol. xxvi, Decem-
ber, 1898.

2 This follows the text given in Suganuma's book already quoted.
But the character translated " matters" is piobably erroneous, and the
true reading would give the translation, "shall be exempted from all
taxes," i.e., import duties.

3 " Violence " and " forced sale " go together. Compare the trans-
lation of Saris's " abbreviated articles," supra.

* This date should be October 12 = October 2 (O.S.).

'' See p. 138. Printed and facsimiled by Randall, at pp. 67 and 155.

jcxxiv Introduction,

It will be observed that this charter promises to give a
piece of ground for building purposes at Yedo, not at any
port they may choose. In the letter published by Rundall
as " No 3 "1 Adams writes : —

" Now, once, yf a ship do coum, lett her coum for the esterly
part of Japan, lying in 35 d. 10 m. whear the Kinge and the
Emperour court is : for coum our ships to Ferando whear the
Hollanders bee, it is far to ye court, about 230 L., a werysoum
way and foul. The citti of Edo lyeth in 36, and about this
esterly part of the land thear be the best harbors and a cost so
cleer as theayr is no sholdes nor rokes h a myll from the mayn
land. It is good also for the sale of merchandis and security
for ships."

This letter being dated January 12, 1613,^ must have
reached Adams's correspondent at Bantam (Augustin
Spalding) after Saris had started thence for Japan, so that
the idea of establishing a factory at Yedo would not be
brought before him until he met Adams at Hirado.
Whether they talked of it then does not appear. In the
" vearey Long letter wrot from lapan by William Adams,
and sent home in the Clone, 1614,"^ he tells the Company
that lyeyasu having asked him in what place Saris wished
to establish a factory, he replied : " I did think not far from
his court, or the Kinges court, at which he seemed verry
glad." This would explain the insertion of Yedo in the
grant, though Saris had in his petition asked for a piece of
ground at whatever port he might choose. Saris was cer-
tainly not aware of this limitation, for otherwise he would
have noted the fact, and not have furnished to his
employers the Privileges embodied in the journal, in which
his original request seems to be accorded; Adams, who

^ Memorials of Japan, p. 43 ; Letters Received by the East India Com-
pany, vol. i, p. 208.

- Adams dated it "the 12 of Jeneuari, 1613 ;" but in the second
paragraph he says : "Your ffrindly and christian letter I hau receued
by the Hollanders which be heer arriued this year, 1612." See
Rundall, p. 40. ^ Rundall, p. 57.

INTRODUCTION. IxXKV

uas unable to read Japanese, was also no doubt ignorant
of the tenor of this clause.

What appears a more remarkable divergence between
the petition and the grant is, that whereas the former pro-
poses that when quarrels occur between Japanese and
Englishmen, the merits shall be inquired into, and judg-
ment given in accordance with the facts — by the Japanese
authorities — the grant is to the effect that if one of the
English should commit an offence, the English " general "
is to try and sentence the offender.

Another point to which attention may be directed is
that the style and wording of the Japanese version of the
petition closely correspond with those of the grant as given
by Suganuma, as may easily be seen by a comparison
between the two Japanese texts. Nos. i and 2 are pretty
much the same in both. Art. 3 of the petition becomes
No. 6 in the grant, while Art. 4 of the petition is divided
between 3 and 4 of the Privileges. Art. 5 of the petition,
asking that the trade may be carried on directly between
the merchants of the two nations, z>., without official
interference, is passed over. The 6th Art. of the petition
becomes 7 in the grant, but its effect is changed, jurisdic-
tion in offences being given to the Cape merchant ; while
lastly. Art. 7 of the petition is added to Art. 4 of the
Privileges. Art. 5 of the grant is taken from the original
unabbreviated petition.

Appendix II to vol. ii of the 1727 English edition of
Kaempfer contains a diary of occurrences at Nagasaki
between June 29 and August 28, 1673, on board the
English ship Return, which had been sent to Japan to
renew commercial intercourse. It states that the captain
" tendered them [the governor and his secretary] a copy of
the articles or privileges granted to us, at our first entrance
here, by the Emperor, in the Japan character, which they
perused and read, and could understand, asking very much

Ixxxvi INTRODUCTION.

for the original, or grant itself, with the Emperor's chop or
seal, which I said we had not, by reason it was delivered to
the Emperor's council at our departure from Firando ;
they kept it, saying, they would deliver it to me very
suddenly."

This was, in all probability, a transcript of the Japanese
document in Purchas. The latter, as can be recognised by
anyone familiar with the Japanese method of writing with
a brush, was reproduced from a copy made with a soft,
finely-pointed quill pen.

The Japanese scholar, Kondo Morishige, who compiled a
work on foreign relations, entitled Gwai-ban Tsil-sho, or
" Foreign Barbarian Correspondence," gives in his twenty-
seventh Book, or Chapter, a copy of a document, which
turns out to be the same as the paper published by Purchas.

Kondo's observations on it are :

" The original document is still preserved in the archives of
Tateyama^ at Nagasaki. It was written with a ' pen' {the quill of
a goose, cut and used instead of a writing-brush) on pappiru
(barbarian paper), six and a half siai- high, nine sun wide, and
folded just like the ordinary Dutch sealed documents. I saw it
myself, and took a copy. In the Nagasaki Zakki [Miscellaneous
Records] it is stated that on the 25th day of the 5th moon of the
3rd^ year oS. Ktvavibu7i (the istof Yempo) [which is June 29, 1673,
O. S.] an English vessel arrived .at Nagasaki. They formerly
came in their ships year by year to Hirado continuously to trade.
An intermission of over forty years having taken place, they now
came again and petitioned for trade. A representation was sent
to Yedo, but permission was not granted ; and on the 26th, the
day of the 7th moon of the same year [August 27, O. S.] the
English ship was sent away."

The work he quotes from goes on to remark that the
English produced this paper as a charter allowing them to
trade, but on opening the paper, it was found not to have

^ One of the two Governor's offices at Nagasaki was situated in a
part of the town which still goes by this name. It has since been
destroyed by fire.

2 1. 19 inches = I sun. ■' This is a mistake for 13th.

INTRODUCTION.

Ixx

that character, being merel}- a paper in Japanese taken
home by them from Hirado. Kondo goes on to remark
that it was a petition presented by the English when they
first visited Japan in 1613, "as can easily be seen by com-
paring it with the articles of the grant conferred on that
occasion."

In the collection of the Ilistoriographical Bureau of the
the Imperial University at Tokio there exists an imperfect
facsimile made apparently by Kondo, ending abruptly
in the middle of the last paragraph, at the words " at any
time." A reproduction has recently been published by
Professor Riess in the paper already referred to. The
whole text, however, is given by Kondo, and has been
printed by Suganuma in his Conniieixial History of Great
Japan, mentioned above, but in one or two places the
present editor has seen reason to differ from his reading
of the document.

It only remains to add that the history of the English
factory at Hirado after Saris's departure may be studied
in Cocks's Diary, and that an excellent sketch of its vicis-
situdes is contained in Professor Riess's paper so often
cited in this Introduction.

Signature of Captain Saris.

" Here first we present vnto you, the East-Indies made Westerly
by the Illustrious Voyage of Captaine Iohn Saris ; who hauing
spent some yeares before in the Indies, by Obseruations to rectifie
Experience, and by Experience to prepare for higher Attempts,
hath heere left the knowne Coasts of Europe, compassed those
more vnknowne of Afrike from the Atlantike to the ErythrcButi
Sea, and after Commerce there {tavi Marte, quam Mercurio)
compasseth the Shoares, and pierceth the Seas, to and beyond
all iustnames of Indian and Asia, penetrating by a long iourney
the Hands, Cities, Court of the laponian Empire ; there setleth
an English Factorie, and after safe returne, is readie to render
thee the pleasure of his paine, and (why stay I thee any longer ?)
by a more pleasant Discoursiue way, to discover to ihee the
Rarities of that Discouerie ; and by hand, by the Eyes to lead
thee alongst with him all the way."

Purchas His Pilgrimes, vol. i, p. 333.

[^ OF THE ^. .

UNIVERSi

O, ^^ THE VOYAGE

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN,

i6i 2-13.

ANUARY 14, 161 2.1— The 141

the morning we wayed out of the
roade of Bantam for Japan, hauing
taken in heare for that place 700
sacks pepper for a Tryall theare.
My Companye 81 persons, viz.,
74 Engh'sh, I spanniar, i Japan, and 5 swarts.- God
Allmightie send them health and be our protector. I
sent Mr. Cocks^ to buy a Treble voyalF and a Tabor and
pipe on board the Trade,^ cost 7 rials 8.^ I gave the

^ I.e.^ 161 2- 1 3, as the year then began on March 25th. The Gre-
gorian calendar was adopted in England in 1752, September 3 being
called September 14. 2 Blacks.

^ Afterwards Cape-merchant of the English factory established by
Saris at Hirado. His Diary, edited by Sir E. Maimde Thompson,
has been published by the Hakluyt Society.

* Viol, fiddle.

'" The Trade's Increase^ flagship of Sir Henry Middlcton, "General"
of the .Sixth Voyage.

® To be read, 7 rials of 8 ; that is, 7 pieces of 8 rials = 7 dollars.
The Spanish dollar was valued at three shillings and sixpence or
four shillings sterling, according to circumstances.

2 THE VOYAGE OF

Hector and Thomas 15 pieces at parting, and was
answered with 13 out of the Hector, 11 out of the Thomas.
Allowance Sack and biskett, 2 meales beefe.

The 15^'^ [January] in the morning before daye we
wayed, little wynd at W., and haling^ into 14 Fathams,
we steered E. by S. and E.S.E., leuing poolooe lacke'-
one our starboard side, and a 11 or 12 one our larboard
side, our deapth from 14 to 10 Fathames, going within
2 Hands which lyeth to the E.wardes of pooloo lacke
afforesaid. And in the faire waye theare lyeth a shoale
which hath not above 6 foote one the top of it, and is
not aboue halfe a cables lenght long everye waye, and
hard aboard it is 10 Fathames and the next cast aground,
As by experyence, for here we laye 3 howeres beating
with a reasonable stiff gaile, but by gods providence and
the willing indeauors of my Companye in this great ex-
tremitye we gott hir of; But sprung a leake, that for
all night and tell 10 of the clock the next daye at noon
we contynued pumping, everye man but my selfe taking
his torne, and all no more then to keepe it from in-
creasing. To my greate Sorrowe, douting that perforce
I must haue put back to Bantam, to the ouerthrowe of
my men and voyage for Japan. But through the mercyes
of god and the Carpenters dilligence it was found out
and made thite.^ God make me for ever thankful! and
deliuer us from the like. And To goe cleere of this
shoale keepe cloase to the Hands, for the maine is shoale.
And to goe with it is to keepe pooloe lacke, which
you leave, on your starboard side, and the high E. land
of the outer point of Jaua, called Pallimban,* Right

1 /.(?., hauling.

-' Pulo Laki, or Menscheneters Eiland (Valentijn, Oud en Nieuw
Oost Indten, IV Deel, p. 6, and map).

3 Tight.

•* Probably Mount Panimbang, also known as Sanga Buana
{Eastern Archipelago^ Part II, p. 108).

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAI'AN. 3

over the boddye of Poolo Lacke, or to kecpe the N.er-
most part of pallingban and the N.ermost point of pooloo
lake a h'ttell opening and shutting, which will bring you
iipone the verye top of it, and your thwart marke^ is a
high peeked hill up in the Countery, which hill is to
the westwards of the hill that is ouer Jakatra,- the next
to it. And when you haue it S. by E. J point Easterly
that is your thwart marke, and the pointe of the watring
place S.E. \ point Easterly, and the poynt opening and
shutting with the S.ermost Hands of the 4 that lyeth in
a ranke. But there is 2 or 3 Hands without them 4. All
these markes are to meete with it. But ether opening
the 4 Hands a good waye without the point, or the point
of Java a good waye without pooloo lacke, or to keepe
close to the Hands the which you leaue one your larboard
side, will carrye you cleare of it. And the nearer the
Hand which lyeth of the point, being the westermost Hand
of 2, you shall have the deepest water. But if you doe
borowe one the mayne^ to goe within the said shoale, you
shall haue water enoffe tell you com somme league unto
the poynt, for of the wester part of the poynt there lyeth
a shoale N.NAV. somme league of, and you shall see the
sea flur* one it yf there be any wynd, and haue 8 Eathams,
the next cast aground. Edward Footeman dyed. Allow-
ance Sack and biskett, 2 meals wheate and honye ; more
to everye man i pynt of wyne for laboring in getting of
the ship of the rocks.

The i6'h [January] we anchored at the watring place
called Tinga Jaua,"" being 14 leagues from Bantam and

' Clearing mark. ^ The old name of Balavia.

^ I.e., go as near to the mainland as you safely can.

* Modern spelling "flower" = froth (see Roe's Embassy^ under
"flurry," vol. i, p. 25 n.).

'" This seems to be off the point marked Untung Java in the
Admiralty Chart.

B 2

4 THE VOYAGE OF

somme 3^ leagues to the westwards of Jackatra, riding
between 2 Ilands^ which lyeth of the point distant 5 miles.
Depth 10 and 9 Fathams cloase to the Hand, but the
mayne is shoale. And of the watring place S. by W. is
a bushey point, and the pointe to the westward, from
whence the shoale commeth, S.W. by W., and the opening
bctwene boath the Hands N. by W., and the outward part
of the shoale W. by N., and the Hand pooloo lacke W. by
N. I point N.ly. I sent Mr. Wickham- and hernando the
Spannyard ashoare to buy provityone, and with presents
to the king, Sabandare^ and the Admyrall, viz. to the
king I doble lockt peece, i pees white Bafta,^ i peece
cassa ■? To the Sabandare and Admerall each of them a
doble lockt peece and a peece white Bafta : desiring them
to excuse me for not coming ashoare, and to giue me
leaue to buy such necessaryes as I haue sent for, willing
Mr. Wickham not to suffer the Flemminges to search his
boate for what he had leaue of the king to bring aboard
(as they did to Capt. Sharpigh^ bound for Sacadanna).""
Allowance Sack and biskett 2 meales ; this daye they had
dubble allowance of all things for that they pumpt hard.
The 17'h [January] In the morning it pleased God

^ The two islands are Middelburg and Amsterdam.

- Richard Wickham, who accompanied .Saris on his journey to
Court and back, was left behind in Japan with Cocks, as a member of
the factory, to reside at Soronga (Sumpu) or Yedo. He came down
to Hirado in December 1614, and thence returned to the east. In
1618 he went to Bantam, and thence to Jacatra (Batavia), where he
died not long after. There are many references to him in Cocks's
Diary, and in the Letters Received by the East India Company.

^ Shabiinder or S/iahbandar, Harbour-master (Yule and Burnell,
Glossary).

* A kind of calico (Yule and Burnell).

^ Probably Cossa, a sort of Bengal piece goods (Milburn, vol. i,
p. 46).

® Captain .Mexander Sharpeigh, "General" of the 4th voyage. See
Letters Received by the East Iitdia Company^ vol. ii.

"^ Sukadana, a port on the W. coast of Borneo, south of the line,
1 10^ E. long, i" 15' S. lat.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 5

we stopt our leake. The wynd at N.W. with Raine.
Allowance sack and biskett, dubble allowance to brcckfast,
2 meales beefe.

The i8''i [Januai}'] the King sent his cheifc man vnto
me to thanke me for his present, and to make profer of
what his counterye affoarded ; directed vs to a verye good
watring place, and profered many other curtesies, earnestly
desiring me to leaue a factorye there ashoare, which should
be well vsed, for he was wearye of the Flemings. Giuen
to his seruants 2 blewe byrammes,^ cost 15 rials per corge.-
The wynd this daye at N.W. with Raine. Allowance sack
and biskett, 2 meales wheate with honye.

The 19''^ [January] Giuen to Keygus varro one peece
Blewe biramme, one peece white baffta. The wynd at
N.W. with Raine. Allowance sack and biskett, 2 meales
Beefe.

The 20^11 [January] The ould Sabandare sent a present
by his Sonne Keygoose Gooloo viz. 200 Cokers^ and 2
Goates, in requitall wheareof giuen him i pees chanter,^
I shash,^ I pes fine duttye,^ to 2 of the Kings men which
helped Mr. Wickham to bring the provityon he had bought
aboard. I intertaned the Captain and marchants of the
Flemishe howse to d}'nner, and at parting gaue them 5
peeces, and at parting of Keygoose 3 peeces. Whiting
Chinesa brought me from his wyfe i praman"" matt and
pillowe and too hangings from himselfe, which in requitall
I gaue him a faire damasked peece and i peece Chanter,

1 Same as byrampaut, a Surat cotton manufacture, very full colour
and thick (Milburn, vol. i, p. 44 ; and Yule and Burnell, s. v.).

- A score (Yule and Burnell). ^ Coco-nuts.

^ Same as Chowtars (Milburn, vol. ii, p. 221).

■' Turban-cloth.

* Dootie (Milburn, vol. ii, p. 221) ; dhootie (Yule and Burnell) ; the
same as dhoty (loin-cloth).

^ Priaman, W. coast of Sumatra, 95'* 15' E. long, and a little S. of
the line.

6 THE VOYAGE OF

Bought here 2h pipes Rack^ for the Companye. The
wynd at N.W. Allowance, sack and Biskett, 2 meales
wheate with honye. Taken in heare 32^ Tonnes water
and 2 boates lading of wood.

The 2ith [January] I willed the Master to sett saile ; a
smale gaile and Raine. We steered neare vnto the E.most
Hand of the too that is aganst the watring place, deapth
10 and 9 Fatham, and so to seaboard of all the Hands
E.N.E. from the watring place, for the outermost of them
beareth E. by N. N.ly, and of the Norther point of the said
Hand lyeth a shoale, which you shall see breake distant
from the Hand ^ a league. And having that S. of you,
the E. point of Jaua- will beare E. southerly. Deapth 17
and 18 fathams. And all the waye out from 20 to 14
Fathams, but heare you shall find a Currant setting E.S.E.,
which you must allowe for, as you haue the wynd. In
the eauening we anckored ; little wynd at N. by W., the
Currant setting vs to the S.E. vpone the shoare, deapth 13
and 13^ Fathams, being shott 3 leagues to the E. wards of
the E. point of Jackatra. Wynd at N.W. Allowance
sack and biskett, 2 meales beefe.

The 22'h [January], the wynd at S.W., we wayed and
steered E.N.E. to gett deepe water, and finding 14 Fatham,
the hie hill over Bantam did beare W.S.W. | point \V.\y.
The outward point that is to the E.wards of Jackatra
S.W. by S. 3 and ^ leagues of, and another point to the
E.ward bering S.E. by E., with a great round hill ouer it
vp in the land that was the outwardmost land we did see,
steering E.N.E., and at noone had 16 and 17 Fathams;
esteeming the shipp to be somme 10 leagues from the E.
land of Jackatra, and at 4 in the afternoone we had 23
Fatham and steered E. by S., and all night E. by S. and

^ Arrack.

^ This seems to be Krawang point, E. of Batavia.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAl'AN. 7

E.S.E., and had 23 and 24 Fatham. Allowance sack and
biskett, 2 meales wheate and honye.

The 23*'' [January] in the morning, we dockt^ vp our
sailes, the wynd at S.E., and had sight of an Hand which
lyeth of Cherrybon,- with 3 of those hie peeked hills of
Jaua, the E.most bearing S.E., and cherybon S. by E.
Lattytude at noone 6'' lO'", the wynd at N.N.W., the Hand
bering E. by N. 3^ leagues of I sent my skiff to sound
about the said Hand, and found 23 and 24 Fatham within
saker' shott of the shoare, and then no ground at 30 Fatham,
and of the N. point there lyeth a ledge of Rocks aboue
water, and on the S.E. ende a low spott with a tree or too
one it; hauing made an E. by S. waye 15 leagues since
}-esterdye at noone, and in longitude from Bantam 44
leagues. Note that you maye bouldly keepe betwene
23 and 24 Fatham water in the offing, and in 20 Fatham
vpone Jaua, the darkest night that is, and in the daye vpone
Jaua in what deapth you please, but there is manye deepe
bayes and hie hills in the Countcrye, but the land to the
seaside is verye lowe. At 6 at night the Hand did beare
NAV. by W. about 10 leagues. We steered E.S.E. and
E. by S. all night, deapth 25 and 26 Fathams, the wynd
at W.N.W. Allowance sack and biskett, 2 meales beefe.

The 24th [January] in the morning we had sight of 3 hie
peeked hills and 3 other to the E.ward like Hands.
Deapth 20 Fathams, the point of Jaua bering S.E. by S.
and the Hand lying of it S.E. and N.W, about 9 leagues

' "Dockt-iip our sails" presumably means "shortened sail."
' A province of Java, Cheribon. The island mentioned seems to
be Boompjes Eylt. (Pulo Rakit).

' A piece of artillery' from 8 ft. to 10 ft. in length, throwing shot
from 4 lbs. to 7 lbs. weight (A. N. Markham in Voya^s:-ex and iVorks
of John Davis ^ p. 41 «.) According to an earlier author, a piece
weighing 1,400 lbs., with a calibre of 3^ in., and throwing a shot
weighing 5^ lbs. The range was 170 paces point-blank, but it would
" shoot at random " 1700 paces (Monson's Naval Tracts, in Churchill's
Voyages, 1782, vol. iii, p. 305).

8 THE VOYAGE OF

of: We steered E. by S. and E.S.E, Lattytude 6^ io"\ waye
E. 28 leagues. From noone we steered E. by S., vvynd at
N.N.W., 27 Fatham. And at 2 a clock the wynd vered to the
W.N.W. a stiff gaile, contynuing our course E. by S., and
at midnight had 26 Fathams, and at 2 had 22 Fathams, and
the nearrer the shoare we founde the harder ground and to
the offen oaze.^ Then we stoode of N.E. and N.N.E. till
daye, and the lowe land to the W. ward of the N. point of the
land S.S.VV., and the Saddeld^ lowe land S.E. by S. 4 or
5 leagues of, and an Hand of it N.W. by N. somme 10
leagues. Then we steered E.N.E., but the best course
from the Hand afforesaid is to steere E. by S., for it will
bring you in the middest betwene the head land which is
called Cobina^ and the Hand which lyeth of it S. westerly
5 leagues. Of it is the head land, with a smale Hand at the
S.E. point, and yf it be cleere you shall see 3 sharpe hie
hills ouer the lowe point, the one at equall distance from
the other, and are called the 3 armanos.* Allso you shall
see hie land to the E. ward rise like an Hand, but com no
neare[r] then 20 Fathams in the night. Lattytude at noone
6d 6^\ waye E. by S. |- point S.ly, 16 leagues. The smalle
Hand at noone bering S.W. by W. 7 leagues of. Allow-
ance sack and biskett, 2 meales Beefe.

The 2 5 til [January] we steered E., the wynd at W. by
N., keeping in 30 Fathams. Allowance sack and biskett,
2 meales wheate and honye.

The 26'ii [January] breake of day we had sight of the
Hand called Pulo Labuck,^' bering N.E. by E. 8 leagues of,

' In the offing ooze, or mud.

- Having a depression between two elevated points, like a saddle.

•* To be distinguished from the island of Cambina referred to on
p. 12. The latter is mentioned (as Cambyna) in Piurhas His
Pilgnmes, vol. i, p. 455, and (as Cobina) on p. 226 of same volume.

* Tres hermanos : Three Brothers.

° Apparently the same as Lubec of the map in Milburn, vol. ii, p.
384, E. Long. 113°, S. lat. 6°. The Admiralty Chart, however, calls
the island which occupies this position Bawean.

^^"^■^'Vf CArTAIN TOIIN SARIS TO lAPAN. 9

Wynti at \V. by N. We steered E. by S., dcapth 34 and
35 Fathams, and about 9 of the clock had sight of land
baring S.E. and S.E. by S., the Hand afforesaid bering now
N.E. b}' N. Little wynd. Lattj-tude 6'^ I2"\ wayc E. and
E. by N. 22 leagues, wynd at W., the Hand at 4 in the
afternoone bering W. by N. 9 leagues of; dcapth 34 Fa-
thams. Allowance sack and biskett, 2 meales Bcefe.

The 27111 [January] Lattytudc 06^1 04"\ waye E.N.ly 28
leagues, deapth 38 Fathams, and at 3 in the afternoone
had sight of an Iland^ bering N.N.E. 7 leagues of, and at 5
sounded and had 34 Fathams, the Hand bering N. by E.
about 5 or 6 leagues of, wynd at N.W. by W. We steered
E. by N. tell 12, then had 24 Fathams, the Hand N.W. h
point westerly, then E., deapth 24 Fathams. Note that
when we come into 20 Fatham we finde hard ground, but
in the faire waye oaze, and the Hand N. of vs. Our
dcapth did increase to 17 and 18 Fathams, and so conty-
nued betwene it and 24, tell the Hand did beare N.W. by
W., and then 24 Fathams. And steering from the first
shoale E. keepe in this deapth. Allowance sack and
biskett, 2 meales wheate with honye.

The 28^11 [January] at 4 in the morning we had 25 Fa-
thams steering E. tell noone. Lattytude 5^^ 55"\ waye
E.N. ly 20 leagues, deapth 30 Fathams, and from noone we
steered E. by S., and at 4 a clock had 35 Fatham. Allow-
ance sack and biskett, 2 meales Beefe.

The 29^'i [January] in the morning 4 a clock, wynd at
W. by N. We steered E. by S., but had no ground at 40
Fatham, but at noone 52 Fatham with manye ouerfalls.-
Latt)'tude 6^^^ 09"', waye E. by S. 28 leagues, wynd at W.
and W. by N., with a Currant setting to the westward. In
the afternoone we sounded, but had no ground at 100

^ Perhaps Great Solombo Island.

2 " Overfalls " is a good seaman's term still ; it may be found on
modern charts.

lO THE VOYAGE OF

Fatham. Then we steered E. tell 6 of the clock in the
morning. Allowance sack and biskett, 2 meales wheate
and honye.

The 30th [January] in the morning we sounded, but had
no ground at 100 Fathams. Lattytude 5^^ 57™, waye
E.N.ly 28 leagues, and in longitude from Bantam 224
leagues. The ouerfalls contynuing, but could gett no
ground at lOO Fathams. At 3 in the afternoone we had
sight of a lowe flatt Hand at topmast head bering N.E. by
N. som 5 or 6 leagues of, full of trees, and had 18 Fatham,
And at next cast 85 Fatham. Then we steered E. by S.,
and at 4 a clock it bare N. by E. h point N.ly, 3 or 4
leagues of. Then we had sight of 2 other lowe flatt
Ilands,^ the one opening to the E.ward, the other to the
westward, so that this is the middlemost. At 6 at night
it bering N. ^ point E.ly, we sounded, but had no ground
at 80 Fathams. We steered E, by S., keeping our leade
in respect of the ouerfalls or ripplings, which were fearful!,
but had no ground at 60 Fatham. Allowance sack and
biskett, 2 meales beefe.

The 31th [January], breake of day, we had sight of
the Selebes, the wester end rising like an Hand and the
outermost hie land bering E. by N. ; Lattytude 5"^ 52"^ ;
the E. part bering E. by N. 6 leagues of, waye E.N.ly
16 leagues, and a currant setting to the N.W.ward. At
3 in the afternoone we had sight of a Junke which I
stoode with, and had 24 Fathams 2 or 3 leagues of the
lowe land that is vnder the high land. We edged into
12 Fatham to speake with hir. I sent my pinnas and
fecht the Master aboard to direct me through the straites.
The Junke was bound for Amboyne, and weare belonging
to a great Junke of the Flemings which we had sight of

1 Perhaps Kalu Kalu Kuang, Rotterdam Island, or one of the islets
of the Spermonde Archipelago (S.W. of Celebes). See Admiralty
Chart.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. II

some 3 leagues ahead. At sunsett we tookc in our sailes
to keepe short of the straites of desolon, by the naturalls
called Solore,' and keeping our leade all night we found
first 20 Fatham, the hie land N., and so droue into ^^ and
47 l^^athams, fearing a shoale which lyeth f. of a league
from the Selebis. And at lowc water you shall see the
breach^ vponc it. One the Selcbes side it is verye danger-
ous and full of sunken ground, whearefore we haled ouer
for Dcsalon side, keeping a good bearth of, and hauing
a peeked hill, which is next to the sea side, rising like
an Hand when you are to the W. wards. Then it is
N.N.E. and when it is N. then you are twhart^ of the W.
end of the shoale. And then will the Hand, which you
leaue one your starboard side, beare E.N.E., so that you
maye be bould to steere out in the middest betwene the
two Hands. And when the peeke hill beares N. by W.
then you are twhart of the E. end. Note that the E.
ende of Dessalon showeth like an Hand, and will deceaue
you tell you com to it, but hauing brought the N.ther
end of the pointe E.N.E. ^ pointe E.ly, Then be bould,
for you are cleare of the shoale afforesaid ; It is about
4 leagues betweene them. We came within halfe a mile
of the Hand of our starboard side going through, and the
wynd taking vs suddenlye short, we sounded but had no
ground at 55 Fatham, Right vp and down. Allowance
beere and biskett, 2 meales Beefe.

I St February 161 2.* The prime^ in the afternoon we wearc
thwart of the point of the Hand bering S. of vs, and the
2 Hands which make the straites lying one from the other
N. and S. distant 5 leagues, or rather miles. From hence

^ Otherwise spelt Seldjar or Saleier. This is the name of an island
lying off the S.W. arm of Celebes, Pulo Salayar in the Admiralty
Chart. - The action of breakers.

' I.e., athwart or abreast of

* See note on p. i. ' First day of the month.

12 THE VOYAGE OF

we Steered E. by N., the wynd at N. and N. by E.,
Accompting the distance betvvene Bantam and this place
of the straites 265 leagues. At night the wynd at N.E.
and N.E. by N. Wee had sight of a great Junke of
Pattanye^ bound for Ambone.- I sent my pinnas to
inquire what she was, whoe brought aboard with them
three Flemings which weare passengers in hir, there shipp
cast awaye vpon Burneo not farr from Soocadanna.^ The
Captain of the Junke sent me a present, viz. i Jar of
rackapee* and a jar of Buffelo,^ allso a letter from John
Parsons*' marchant of Mackcassar, which is extant. I
requited him with a letter of fauor to all English shipps he
should meete withall, and discharged the Master of the
smalle Junke, which tell this tyme I kept aboard. I gaue
him a peece course Callyco, and to the Captain of the
Junke 2 peeces fine callyco of my owne. Allowance sack
and biskett, 2 meales wheate and honye.

The 2 [February] in the morning we had the S. part of
Desalon S.W. by S., and the N. part W. by N. 8 leagues
of We steered E. by N., the wynd at N. by E. Lattytudc
5'i 52'", distant from Desalon 10 leagues. And about
3 a clock in the afternoone we had sight of Cambina" bering
N.E., the N.erne part rising like an hummock or Hand,
bering N.E. h point N.ly 12 or 14 leagues of This daye
dyed Dauid Usher, Master Trumpitor of the Cloaue, an

1 Patani, on the Gulf of Slam, one of the Malay ports belonging
to Siam.

^ Amboina. ^ See note on p. 4.

* Yule says, s.7/., Arrack + Malay dpi (" fire")-

■'' Perhaps butter made from buffalo milk, i.e., cow's milk, the word
"buffalo," as Yule remarks, s. v., having been appropriated to the
Indian ox, and the true buffalo thenceforth distinguished as " water
buffalo."

'' See Richard Cocks to the E. I. C, in Letters Received by tJie
East India Company from its servants in the East, vol. i, p. 312.

"^ Cambina, Cambayna, or Cabaina, an island lying in about 122° E.
long., and 50° 30' S. lat., off the S.E. of Celebes. Kabaena in the
Admiralty Chart No. 1263. See also note 3 on p. 8.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 1 3

honncst and most excellent man in his profession. Allow-
ance sack and biskctt, 2 meales beefe.

The 3 [February] in the morning the S.erne end of
Cambina N.E. by E., and the Hand or hummock N.E.
8 or 9 leagues of, Lattytude 5'' 57"'. The Hand N.E. h point
N.ly, 8 leagues, waye E.S.lye 5 or 6 leagues. And towards
night the wynd at S. and S.S.E. We steered all night
E. by N. Allowance sack and biskett, 2 meales wheate
and honye.

The 4*'! [February] in the morning at 5 a clock the wynd
at N.E., at 8 at E.S.E., little wynd, allmost calmc. Latty-
tude 05"^ 00'".^ And at 3 we sawe land E. by N., making it
to be Bootone."- Calme all night. Nickholas Boulton dyed
and VV'" Blunt. Allowance sack and biskett, 2 meales beefe.

The 5*'! [February] 3 or 4 leagues of Cambina, we found
the currant to carrye us to the N. ward, the wynd at E. by N.,
and the Hand of the E. end of Cambina N.E. i point E. ly
4 leagues of Then the wynd at S.W. by W.,and at E. and
E.N.E., little wynd, almost calme. Allowance sack and
biskett, 2 meales Rice and honye, i quart a messe.

The 6"^ [February], breake of daye, the Hand N.E. by N.
N.erlye 4 leagues of, the wynd at N., so that this 24 houres
we have gotten to the E. wards i point. Calme tell noone,
then a gaile at W.N.W. We steered E. by S. for the out-
ward land, bering E. by N. at noone, and a little Hand
beririg N. by E h point K.\y. At 4 in the afternoone
the Hand N. | point W.lye, the E.most land was E.N.E.
We stered E. by S. Calme, not hauing made all this
night aboue 5 or 6 leagues. Allowance sack and biskett,
2 meales Beefe.

^ Perhaps for Lat. 5° we should read 6°. It is 5^/. 00//1. in the MS.
Probably Saris copied wrongly from the original log.

- Boeton, or Bouton, the most easterly of the three islands which
lie off the S.E. of Celebes, about 123' E. long., and stretching from
4° 20' to 5° 40' S. Lat. Baton in the Admiralty Chart.

14 THE VOYAGE OF

The 7th [February] breake of daye the N.erne point was
N. by E., and a smale hie land^ that lyeth to the S.ward
six or seven leagues of Batoone, S.E. I point S.ly, and the
Easter land of Bootone E.N.E. Wee steered E. by N. and
E., but left the hie land to the S. wards one our starbord
side, and it did beare S.E. J half point E.ly. Then was the
point of Bootoone shutt in, a long great Hand. The
Norther end wilbe N.N.W. This Hand and the other
lyeth nearest the bodye of them boath N.N.W. and S.S.E.
The wynde at N.W. with raine. We steered with the E.
point, and betwene the E. part of Cambina to the westerne
part of Bootoone is some 8 or 9 leagues. Lattitude 5^ 54111,
the long Hand being E. and W. 2| leagues long, bearing
N.N.W. 2| leagues of, the E. point N.E. h point E.ly.
This Hand from Bootoone is ih leagues of, and one the
S. side of Bootoone are 3 pointes, and betwene the 2
westermost is a baye, and the distance betwene the 3
pointes is 3 leagues E.S.E., and the westermost of the
3 pointes and the Hand lyeth the one from the other S.
and N. There is another flatt Hand to the N.wardes of
the Hand which lyeth E. and W. And we openned it as
we openned the same betwene it and Bootoone, but there
is no passage betweene them but for small shipps, for there
is many Rocks and bancks of Corrall. And boath the W.
and E. ende of the 2 Hands lyeth one from the other N.
and S., and the S. parts of Cambina and the E. point of the
2 Hands lyeth E.S.E. and W.N.W. distant 9 leagues. Then
we openned another point. When boath the points are
opening and .shutting they will beare N.E. h point E.ly,
distant betwene them 7 leagues, and having the wester
point of the 3 before spesified shutting with the point of
the long Hand to the westwards of it. Then will they
beare of you N.W. by W., being 4 mile to the nearest part

^ Perhaps Hagadis Island.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAI'AN. I 5

or point of Bootoone. Allowance sack and biskctt,
2 mealcs porke.

The 8th [February] in the nnorninc:^ the point which was
N.E. of vs ouer night was N. by E. within an other point
bering N.N.E. N.l)', some 3 leagues from the other point,
so that the land lyeth from boath the points N.E. N.ly
distant 10 leagues. At 10 a clock we sawe another Hand
called Tingabesse^ rising round and flatt. Heare we had a
Corrant setting N.E., the wynd at N.E. by N. and N.N.E.
Allowance Rack and biskett, i meale porke, i meale oat-
meale with honyc.

The 9th [February] wynd at NAV. by N., the point of
Bootoone N.W. 4 point N.E., and the other land which we
did see N. by W., and a hie land opening and shutting of
the point N.W. by N., and the N. point of Tingabesse N.E.
by E. and S.E. end. There are 3 or 4 Hands, the S.ermost
bering S.S.E. Heare we had sight of 2 Curracurras-
betweene us and Bootoone. I sent of my Skiff to them,
whoe brought one Mr. Weldeing, one of the Expedityons'*
companye, and a Fleming bound for Banda aboard. The
said Weldin being imployed in the King of Bootoones
businesse for Banda, and had the command of the 2
Curracurras, and his wyfe in companye with him. I
resolued to have taken him along with me, but the exseed-
ing lamentatyon he made that it would be his vndoing,
having nothing to liue one in his counterye, and in the

* Or Toecan-l)esi, a group of eight or ten islands lying five or six
miles E. of lioelon (Valenlijii, luvu/a, p. 132), Tukang Besi in the
Admiralty Chart, the largest being Wanchi Island.

* Cora-cora, in the language of Amboina, meaning a vessel propelled
with sweeps, and carrying fifty to seventy men (Valentijn, Afoliiccos,
Glossary : see also Yule and Burnell, s.v. Caro-coa).

' The Expedition, Captain David Middleton, sailed from ihcDowns,
April 20, 1609. Wclden is mentioned several times in tlic Letters
Received by tlic East India Company, vols, i and ii, and there is a very
full note about him at p. 308 of vol. iii of that work. His "wyfe" was
doubtless a native woman.

l6 THE VOVAGE OF

waye of doing himselfe good heare, I was content not
onlye to let him take his course, but furnished him for Sir
Tho. Smythes^ sake with what he desired, viz. 3 shirtes,
3 pare h'nnin breeches, 3 Bands and cuffs of my owne,
hauing promised to repare to the Factorye at Bantam the
next monsone. Lattitude 5"^' 20'", wynd at E.N.E. We
steered N., and at night the wynd S.ly, we steered N.N.E.
And from the E. point of Bootoone the land falls away
svddenlye, with 2 or 3 Great bayes to the N.W.wards, and
3 great Hands which lye to the N.ward of Bootoone which
maketh the straites. The N.ermost lyeth from the point
before spesified right against Tingabesse N. by E. distant
14 leagues. Note to goe through the straites of Bootoone,
it is not aboue a league braude, and the enterance is one
the N. side of the Hand. And yf you com from the
westward, being thwart of the N.W. point, your course is
E.N.E. and E. by N. vp to the roade and noe danger but
what you shall see, but you must leaue the 3 great Hands
to the N. wards of you, but goe not betwene anye of them.
And fauling with the W. end of Bootoone, goe not betwene
the Hand that lyeth of it, for there is 2 longe Hands, but
leaue them one your starboard side, for it is full of broken
ground betwene them and Bootoone, but yf the wynd
serue you then hale to the N. ward of all the Hands, ether
betweene Bootoone and Cambina, or else to the N. ward of
that too. And so you maye keepe the coste of Selebis,
for it is boulde. All night little wynd at N.W. and
W.N.W. W^e steered N.N.E. Allowance Rack and bis-
kett, I meale porke, i meale oatmeale with honye.

The lOth [February] in the morning the straites of
Bootoone did beare N.W. by W., and the mayne Hand of
Tingabesse S.S.E. i point S.ly, and the straites of Tinga-
besse S.S.W. I S.ly, and at noone the N.er Hand N.W. by

^ Governor of the East India Company.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 1 7

N. 7 leagues of, hauing made a N.N.E. waye from 4 ycster-
daye in the afternoone 12 or 13 leagues, the wynd at
S.S.W., and at 6 at night it was N.W.erl}^ 8 or 9 leagues
of Allowance Rack and biskett, i meale porke, i meale
oatmeale and honye.

The nth [February] at 5 in the morning the wynd at
X.W., the Hand W. 10 leagues of, we steered N.N.E., and
at 7 the wynd at N. and N. by W., Lattytude at nowne
4'' o8»', waye N.N.E. E.ly a little, 24 leagues, and of the E.
point of Bootoone 35 leagues. The wynd all night be-
twene the N. and N. by W. This daye dyed Mathie Hunt.
Allowance Rack and biskett, i meale porke, i meale oat-
meale with honye.

The 1 2th [February] little wynd at N, by W., lattytude
4^^ o6"\ waye E. by N. 20 leagues. Allowance Rack and
biskett, 2 meales Rice and honye.

The 13th [February] in the morning we had sight of the
Hand Borro,^ being hie land, the one point bering N.E. by
N.,- and the other E.N.E. 10 leagues of, the wynd at N.
by W., having made to nowne 7 leagues. Lattytude 3^'
41'", the N.er point at present N.W.ly 6 leagues, and the
E. point E. a little S.ly, and at 3 in the afternoone weare
somme league of the shoare, wynd at N.W. by W. We
stoode of S.W. and S.VV. by W., and at 10 at night stoode
in tell 3 in the morning. Then calme, the wynd at E.S.E.
We laye N.N.W., then the wynd N.N.W. and N.W. by N.
Thomas Madge dyed. Allowance Rack and biskett,
I meale porke, i meale oatmeale with honye.

The 14th [February] in the morning we stoode in, wynd
at N.N.W. and NAV. by N. At 8 wee bore up with the E,

^ Or Boero. Bouro or Buru in the Admiralty Chart.

- These cannot have been the bearings of the two extremes of Buru
Island. He was well to the Northward if his latitude is correct.
Captain Ottley thinks the points referred to are most probably the
West extremity of Taliabu and the South e-xtremity of Sula 15esi.

l8 THE VOYAGE OF

part of the Hand to seeke for some place to ride in. At
lo a clock it fell calme. At noone I sent my Skiff to
sound before. At one a clock we had the wynd at E.N.E.,
at 2 at N.E. We stoode after our Skiff to the N.wards.
Then the wynd E.ly, we steered N. by W. and at midnight
the Skiff retorned, finding no fitt place for the shipp to ride
in, deepe water shoare^ too. Allowance Rack and biskett,
2 meales beefe.

The 15th [February] in the morning calme, we being of
the point of land we sawe yesterdaye bering N.E. by E.
som 4 leagues of, wynd at E. and E.N.E. We steered N.
by W. This side of Borrow lyeth S.E. E.ly and N.W.
westerly 10 leagues, and at the wester point the land
falleth awaye to the N.wards some 5 or 6 leagues, and then
it sheweth Rounde. Lattytude y^ 40"% wynd at N. and N.
by E. Finding a Currant out of the N.erne board,^ And
hauing the point N.E., we tackt in E. b\' N. At 5 weare
som 3 or 4 leagues of, and then stoode of, wynd at E.N.E.
We steered N. by E. tell 8 a clock, then the wynd at
N.N.E. We steered N.W., and in the night N.W. by N.
Allowance Rack and biskett, i meale beefe, i meale
wheate with honye.

The 16"^ [February] breake of daye, the Northermost
part of Borrowe E. by N. 9 leagues of, little wynd at
E.N.E. and N. by E. Allowance sack and biskett breck-
fast, I meale beefe, i meale oatmeale with honye and Rack
supper.

The 17"! [February] little wynd, the E.-^ part of Borrowe
bering E.N.ly, wynd at N., at noone N.W. by N. ; the

1 For "sheer to," /.<?., the cliffs descended sheer into the sea, with
deep water close to them.

- Northern side.

' This should, thinks Captain Ottley, read W. Mr. Foster says
it is clearly E. in the M.S., and suggests that in this and some other
cases Saris confuses E. and W., meaning by " E. part" the part which
lay east of the ship.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. I9

N. part of Bootoonc E. by S. and 3 Hands which \vc now
ha\e si<jht of at Topmast head N.E. by N. Allowance
Sack and biskett, i meale beefe, i meale oatmcale with
hon)'e.

The iS^'i [February] we weare in the morning by the
E.most Hand 3 leagues of, wynd at N.N.W., it bearing
N.N.E., and when you haue the E. point N. ,V a point
E.ly then you shall open an other point. At noone we
weare within a mile of the shoare. I sent of my Skiff,
whoe spake with the Counterye people, our Spannyard
speaking the Ternatan language verye perfect. This Hand
is called Soola.^ We had 15 Fatham the shipps length
of the shoare, and a mile of no ground at 100 Fatham,
the west part of Borowe lying S. .V point W.ly and N. l
point E.ly 14 leagues the one from the other. Wynd
at W. the land streching N.N.E., being a long Hand. We
steered awaye N.N.E., the shipps waye to noone N.E.
i point N.ly 9 leagues. Allowance Sack and biskett,
I meale beefe, i meale oatmeale with honye.

The 19''^ [February] in the morning at 3 a clock it
was calme with Raine. Then the wynd at W. and
S.W., we steered N.N.E. ; waye N.N.E. .V point E.ly 14
leagues. Allowance Sack and biskett, 2 meals Rice with
honye.

The 20'h [February] wynd at E. by N., we steered N.
by E., Lattytude at nowne i'^ 30'", waye N.E. 7 leagues.
Little wynd tell 5 at night, A gaile at W. and N.W. by
W. The N.ermost land we did see bering N. Little
wynd all night, somtymes at N.W. and at N.E. Allow-
ance Sack and biskett, i meale beefe, i meale oatmeale
with honye.

The 2i'h [February] in the morning we weare 4 or 5

' Xulla or Soela Islands. .Siila 15esi in the Admiralty Cliart is the
most southerly of the group.

C 2

20 THE VOYAGE OF

leagues of an Hand called HaleboHng^ by our salors,
being a hie copped- Round Hand, different in shape from
all the rest of the Hands in sight, and by some which had
beene in the Dragon heare in anno 1605 called as afore-
said. The wynd at N.E. and at E., hauing made to this
noone a N.E. waye 4 leagues, Lattytude i^ i6»\ the point
of Haleboling or Bachan N.E. by N. 4 leagues of, and
the outwardmost land N. I westly, finding a currant
setting N.E. The wynd all night at N.N.E. and N., for
the most part Calme. Allowance Sack and biskett,
2 meales Beefe with wheate.

The 22th [February] in the morning we had sight of
land N. by E., it being the Hand called Mackian,^ verye
hie land. Heare we had a Corrant setting N.N.E. Latty-
tude at nowne oo^ 51™, waye N. 7 leagues, varyatyon at
sunsetting 4^ 12™, wynd at N. by E. and N.N.E. Allow-
ance sack and biskett, i meale beefe, i meale honey and
wheat.

The 23th [February] in the morning we weare 3 leagues
of the land, wynd at N.N.E., seeking a place to anker in,
and within a quarter of a mile of the shoare had 40
Fathams, wherefore we bore vp to the S. part of the
Hand, where we had 20 and 19 Fathams for a cast or too,
but then no ground. Wee steerd from this S. point
E.S.E., for so the land lyeth open of the point of the hie
round Hand, being 4 leagues betwene the 2 pointes, but
the wester point is an Hand with 3 or 4 others to the

1 Probably so-called because the navigator had to haul the bowlines
in approaching the island, that is, sail close on a wind in approaching
it. This is, suggests Captain Ottley, the little island of Mandioli,
7 miles west of Batjan, or Bachian. " We came fair by an island not
specified in our cards ; it lieth west-south-west from the southernmost
island of Bachian some fourteen leagues. This isle off Bachian, we
gave to name Haulbowline, for that in seven days' sailing we got not
a mile" ( Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to the Malucos, p. 31).

* Rising to a top or head.

^ Makjan or Matchian. Makyan in the Admiralty Chart.

CAPTAIN TOTTN SARTS TO JAPAN. 21

K. wards, which )'ou cannot pciccauc till you be vcryc
ncarc them. Then the iantl falcth awaye N.lv and
showcth a great round sound or baye' with land of boath
sides, verye deepe. This round hill is Bachan, and
yealdeth great store of Cloaucs, but by reason of the warrs
they are waste. The people not suffered to make there
bcnNfitt thereof will not gather them, being by the
h'Icmings and Spanyards oprest and made to spoyle one
another, while the two natyons sett in strong foartes
looking vpone them. I sent for the Master and his
mates, and recjuired there opynyons what was best to be
done, hauing no ground to anckor and could not get to
the X.ward. There opynyons w^as to put back to there
Ilalcboling, which I disliked of, and stoode of all night,
hoping to haue a shifte of wynd to carrye vs to the Hand
Mackian, wheather I pretended.- Allowance Rack and
bisket, I meale beefe, i meale wheate and honye.

The 24'h [February] in the morning, the hie land S. by E.
10 or 12 leagues of. The Hand seemes Ragged. I willed
the Master to stand in, and a league of the point sent of my
skiffe to sounde and to looke for water, but retorned aboard
finding no water nor place to anckor in. Wherefore we
stood in to the baye, and presentlye had sight of a forte
and Towne called Bachan. The pinnas ahead finding fresh
water in diuers places, but steepe too, intoo the Codd^ of
the baye, wheare the Flemings haue a foart excellent well
contriued and the toune hard by it. Heare we came to an
anckor, hauing had verye vnsertaine shoaling as 70, 60, 8,
and 10 Fatham, but oaze. Heare we lett fall our ankor,
saker shott of the forte. The Flemings saluted me with

1 This is well shown by the plan in Valenlijn, Moluccas, p. 90. The
fort is there called Barneveld.

- Whither I designed to go.

•■' The central bight of the bay : the middle portion ol" a seine is
called "the cod."

22 THE VOYAGE OF

5 peeces. I requited them with as manye, but the kings
man [being] aboard [IJ tould him it was to the King, whoe
sent word he woulde com to me but the Flemings had
intreated him to the contrarye. In this forte is 13 peeces,
I demye culueryn^ of Brasse, the rest saker and mynyon.-
The forte is verye artificiallie'^ and warhke builte, the
Flemings more feared then loued of the naturalls, which
causeth theire better benyfitt, for the naturalls allreadye
tell vs they dare not bring vs a cattye of Cloaues but
vpone there Hues. As we ride here the outvvardmost point
is S.S.W. and the other S.W., distant from vs 4 leagues.

The King sent the Admerall and diuers of his nobles
aboard to bid me welcom, knowing as they said by my
flagg of what natyon I was, Vsing many Complimentall
speeches, wishing that we weare so seated in theire Hand
as the Flemings, and that they weare cleere of them, theire
counterye allmost spoyled by warrs. I vsed them kindlye
and retorned frendlye speeches to the King, acquanting
him that my coming was to procure trade and to leaue
a factorye in his counterye yf he so pleased. Which
they said they heartelye desired, but was not at present
possible, yet would they acquant the King heareof. I
caused 5 peeces to be shott off at there going ashoare. The
Captain of the forte came aboard to vizite me, by whome
I vnderstood there force to be but of 13 peeces and 30
soldyers, the most of them maryed, some to the Counterye
women, and some to Holland women, wheareof the Captain

^ A gun 12 ft. to 14 ft. long, and 6i in. calibre, throwing a shot
33 lbs. weight. It had a point-blank range of 160 paces, but would
throw a ball to a distance of 2,000 paces (Alarkham, in Voyages and
Works 0/ John Davis, p. 181 ;/.). But in Monson's A^azml Tracts
the calibre is given as 4 ins., the weight of the shot 9 lbs., point-blank
range 230 paces, and it shoots " at random " 3,000 paces.

- According to Monson, this piece had a calibre of 3^ ins., throwing
a shot weighing 4 lbs., with a point-blank range of 150 paces, and
shooting '' at random " 1,500 paces.

3 With art, skilfully.

CAftAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 23

tells mc his fortrcs is fitted with eleven, ahlc to withstand
the fune of the Spannyaid or other natyon without cxcep-
tyon, being of an excellent breedc and furnished with fewe
good quallytyes. But it seemed they followed there
leader, for no sooner the Captain aboard but his she
soldyers followed, complaning of great misserye, setting
downe with the salors at victualls at first corning. I
caused them to haue what the shipp affoarded, and after
sent them with there captain ashoarc. NOTE that it is re-
ported by the natural Is that this place doth yeald 750
baharrs^ of Cloaues yearly, yf they might gather them.
Allowance Rack and biskett, i meale beefe, i mealewheate
and honey.

The 25"! [February] the King sent a Complimentall
sallytatyon to me, which I requited with the Hke, and after
dynnor went ashoare and had our sayne haled, but took
little fishe. Allowance Rack and biskett, i meale beefe, i
meale wheate with honye.

The 26''! [February] the Cape marchant of the Flemish
factoryc at Aanbon,- bound from hence thether, came
aboard to vizite me, whoe I kindlye intertaned, and at
parting gaue him 3 peeces ordnance and to his Master a
peece Calico, for that I had certane intelligence of him of
matter which maye proue benyfityall to our proseedings.
The King of the Hand and Captain of the forte sent me
presents of Cokers and plantans, intreating mc ashoare,
but for that they came together in such frindlye fashion,
I douted the lesse hope for me to procure Cloaues, the
thing I sought for. I refused there shoare curtesie and
requited there presents, viz. to the Fleming a barreeco of
wyne, 10 peeces poudered Beefe, i bagg biskett, 31b.
reasons'^ of the sonne, 3lb. Currance, 31b. proynes, the

' Usually given as three piculs = 400 lbs. avoirdupois. Ikit see
further on, under date March 17th.

' Ambon, i.e., Amboina. ' Raisins.

24 THE VOYAGE OF

fruite of my owne provytyon. To the Kinge a shashe,^ a
fine allyia,"- i peece white Callyco, and at there going of
gaue them 3 peeces ordnance, the Fleming being the
ansaent^ bearer in the forte, and the other the King's
Sabandare. The Captain of the forte tooke his present so
kindlye, as he with his preacher brought there victualls
and came aboard to supper, wheare I vsed them kindlye,
but tooke no great pleasure in there company, douting
they came but to feare^ the naturalls from bringing
cloaues aboard. At parting I gaue them 7 peeces, and at
retorne to the forte he requited me with 5 peeces. Allow-
ance Rack and biskett, 2 meales Rice with honye.

The 27th [February] we fitted to take in our water. I
sent Mr. Cocks, Mr. Peacock and the rest of the marchants
to vizite the Captain of the foart, wheare they weare
kindlye intertaned, and at parting had 5 peeces ordnance
out of the forte. Allowance Rack and biskett, 1 meale
beefe, i meale wheate with honye.

The 28"^ [February] the Cape marchant of the Duch^
heare came aboard, his name Leuen Martson and maryed
to one of the Kings kindred heare, a man of 35 yeares verye
well quallyted, as speaking many languages, Mallayes,
Ternates, Aribeck,^ Turkish, Spannish, Portyguese and
French, being an excellent accomptant, writing a faire
hand. He made known vnto me the hole state of there
business heare in the MoUocos and at Japan, with promise
to deliuer me the Coppye verbatim out of the Companyes
Journall kept by him, whearein was entered the trafick that
each shipp had in anye part or port they weare consigned
vnto and came from. Earnestlye intreating me to take

^ Turban.

2 Said to be a silken stuff from Turkesta« -(¥ul# and Burnell, s.v.
Alleja).

^ Ancient, or ensign. ^ Intimidate the natives.

■' Dutch. " I'erhaps Arabic is meant.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 2$

hiin alon^; with mc onto of tlic niisscryc and slaucryc he
liucd in, being in great want of all mannor sustenance
and much misvsed by there chiefc commaunders, which
came hcare in shipps, inforsing^ his wife (whonie they
inforst him at first to marye), To his great grecfc and sliame,
and not able to hclpe himselfe, his wages but i8 rials per
moneth, which he never receaued pcnye, but in victualls
from them at vnresonable rates, and not suffered else-
wheare to provide himselfe, which course was Generally
vsed by there masters heare in the Mollocos. So that not
onlye himselfe, but all the rest of there natyon ashoare, the
Captain and preacher excepted, would leaue the forte and
goe with me yf I pleased to except'- them. And would
haue com all yesterdaye aboard, but that perforce they were
detaned. I intreated him kindlye, and labored with him
for what benyfityall intellygence I can gett, for aduance
of our Trade in these parts, [he] hauing promised instantlye
to goe in hand to take out cheefe notes for Japan And
such prinsipall matters as I haue given him rememberance
about, [I] Satisfying him at present that I will think my-
selfe vpone the convenyent taking him with me and so
resolue him, with promise to be secrett however. And to-
wards night he retorned ashoare. Allowance Rack and
biskett, 2 meales beefe, and meale for dumplings.

March 1612. The primo Leuen Martson came aboard
and broate me diuers notes of there proseedings in these
parts, being verye importunate to go awaye with me, but not
yet resolued of that matter answered him as affore. Allow-
ance Rack and biskett, i meale beefe, i meale oatmeale
with honye.

The 2 [March] Momerick,^ my swart, ran awaye againe.

• Enjoying by force. * Accept.

3 Mb.-uek would be the nioic usuiil sirHhik. In a letter written by
Saris at P)anlam U) Edwaid Camden, lie >ayb : " Mumbanick shall

26 THE VOYAGE OF

He swome ashoare in the night and was gotten to the
Mores howses, vvheare he reported that we had robed and
spoyled the most of the holye men of Mecka, with other
villainus speeches, but not daring to remane in towne, our
people cutting of woode found him in the woods, and
brought him aboard, wheare he remanes in his accustomed
locker. Allowance Rack and biskett, i meale beefe and
dumplings, i meale oatmeale and honye.

The 3 [March]. I took Mr. HounsselF with me and
sounded alongest the E. side of this baye, And at the
opening or going out neare to a little Hand we found a
place to anckor in 12, 16, 20 Fathams, currall- grounde,
without Commaund of the forte ; a shoale to the S.wards
some 3 cables lenght. Lattytude oo^i 50'". Allowance
sack and biskett, i meale beefe, i meale oatmeale with
honye.

The 4^'^ [March] the King sent me a present, viz. 10
hennes, Cokers and sugar Cannes by his preest. In re-
quitall I retorned him thanks, and to his preest a shash
and to his 4 men h a piece of fine duttye apiece. Allow-
ance Sack and biskett, i meale beefe, i oatemeale and
honye.

The 5th [March] varyatyon at sun rising 4^ 48"^ E.Iy.
There came a More aboard with a muster of Cloaues,
offering to sell me some quantytie yf I would go to
Mackian. This More was sent by a man of great accounte
of that place, and was at present heare in Batchan.
Through which occatyon I held it good to staye the next
daye to haue some conference with him, his name Key

trouble you no more, for I ha\e taken a course to keep him fast and
hope to bring him to Japan"' {Letters Received by the East India Co.,
vol. i, p. 204).

^ Richard Hounsell, masters mate of the Clove, afterwards master
of the Attendant {Letters Received, vol. iii, p. 331).

- Coral.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAT'AN. 2/

Malladaia. Allowance Sack and biskctt, 2 mcalcs Rice
and honye.

The 6^'i [March] staled to speake with this Caualeerc,
and for that the Flemings should not suspect anyething,
sent the marchants ashoarc to vizite them. This Gallant
came to me, and was well intreated. He promised to goe
with nie for Mackian, and to bring mc to a place there
called Tahane/ and presently put aboard me too of his
cheifest men to pilat my shipp a most excellent neare and
vnknowne waye b\- our English to the said Mackian and
roade of Tahane, willing me to goe before and staye for
him at a certane Hand by the waye, and a daye or too
after he would com to me, y( not, to proceade to Tahane,
and he would not be long after me, Giuing me great in-
curragement of good store of Cloaues. I presented him
with I peece shash, i peece white Bafta, i Roule match,
I cartridg of pouder and a good quantytye of Tobacco,
which he tooke kindlye. He tould me the flemings gaue
50 rials a baharr for Cloaues, but they would stand me in
60 rials, which I willingly promised, and wish the shipp
weare laden with them at that rate. At midnight he went
ashoare, but desired no peeces might be shot of, because
the Flemings should not knowe of his being with me.
Allowance sack and biskett, i meale oatmeale, i meale
beefe.

The 7"i [March] in the morning we wayed ankor out of
this Roade, called Amasan, and by our pilotts direction,
which Kei Malladaia hath lent, we steered in W. and \V.
by N. for the Hand Mackian, leaning 2 Hands 4 or 5 miles
from the place we set saile from one our starboard side,
deapth 22, 30 and 40 Fathoms 2 Cables length of the
Hand. And of the southe ende of the next Hand as you
goe through is a little white square plott aboue water, with

1 Or Tihane, on ihc S.E. bide of Makyan.

28 THE VOYAGE OF

a tree or bushe In the middle thereof. And from thence
S.E. heth a banke or shoale, and is not aboue a mile from the
mayne, the passage being W.N.W. and E.S.E. 6 or 7 miles
through, with a Currant setting to the W. wards in the daye
time, and to the E.ward in the night, but no danger but
what you shall see, onlye at the wester part of the strate is
an eddye, and there are little flatts one boath sides, but
most on the Southerne side. In the entrance is 12, I3i
Fatham, and com no neare[r] then 10, and open of the
point we had 30 and 40 Fatham. And turnd it out,^ the
wynd at N.W., and 2 mile of the straites to the West-
wardes, it being calme and the Corrant beginning to sett
to the E.ward, we Anckored in 40 Fathams, the place
verye spatyous to turne a hole night, and wood and water
in aboundance. Allowance Sack and biskett, 2 meales
Beefe with meale for dumplings.

The 8''^ [March] in the morning we wayed, yet calme,
but helpe of the tide. Much Raine, little wynd S.ly and
then at W. Deapth 40 to 22 Fatham about 2 myles from
the N.ern shoare or Bachan (so all these Hands which
incompas vs heare is called the Hands of Bachan, and the
most part yealdeth Cloues, but are wast for want of
gathering). Heare is a passage out to sea from emongest
these Hands. But you must keepe alongest the N.ern side,
called La Boa de Bachan,'- from the strait afforesaid, to a
poynt hauing a round Hand or homock 4I leagues, leuing
manye Hands one your larboard side. And you shall see
manye Hands in the offing S.W. and S.W. by W. But this

^ Perhaps opened out the point to view, clear of intervening land.

- Mount Laboa, in the South of Bachian, seems to have given its
name to that part of the island. Valentijn, Moliikse Zaaken^ p. 237,
says Laboewa is a great island, only a " goteling " shot from Batsjan,
and that the fortress Barneveld is on Laboewa. But at pp. 119 and
235, he gives it to be understood that it stands on Batsjan. Saris,
starting from his anchorage near Barnevelde (Bachian town of the
.\diniralty Chart), seems to have worked his course to the North
lliroui^h Herberg Strait.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 29

waye wee goe is much more nearer to Mackian or an)' the
Hands of the Molocos to the N.ward ; it lyeth from the
strate called Sedogan^ to the stratc of Namacota.' which you
must leaue one your larboard side, and 2 Round Hands on
the starboard side, the passage being not aboue a cables
lenght ouer. And the course from strate to strate S.E.
and N.W. distant 4^ leagues, and it is to be noted that
from the strates to a pointe bering N. by W. you haue
22 and 23 Fatham coming through and 9 Fatham close
into the Bushes, but keepe in the midest and the currant
will carrye you through, but take enoffe to the westward, for
you will thinke the corrant will put you vpone the
N.ermost Hand, and when it is N. by W. giue it a bcarth,
for of it is a sandye banke, but you shall have 14 Fatham
cloase aboard it. And when you are open of the pointe you
shall see a passage into the Sea W.S.W., but it is but for
smalle crafte to passe there, being full of Currall banks.
And to the N. wards of the shole of the pointe is a sandye
banke with Rocks, but there is 1 5 Fatham, yet the water
showes white. There the sound trenteth^ N. and N. by W.
being in some places 5 miles ouer and in some other
3 leagues. Then you shall open a little homock or small
Hand which lyeth in the opening of 2 pointes N. of you,
which is the waye out, and being Cleere you shall see
Mackian ouer the westerne pointe, and another Hand a
little opening of the Easter pointe. And in the faire waye
is from 20 to 15 Fatham, wheare we anckored, the tyde
spent, not farr of a little round Hand lying in the midest
of the waye. Allowance Sack and biskett, mealc whcate
with honye, i Beefe.

The 9th [March] Calme, the Currant setting to the

^ This looks like " Sedozan" in the MS.

2 Perhaps Bachian Strait, now so-called, and the Strait between
Gt. Tawali and Mandioli.
2 I.e., trendeth : turns off

30 THE VOYAGE OF

S.ward : Then the wynd at N.W. and X. by W. with
Raine. At lo we wa\'ed, a currant to the N.ward, we
turnd it out. And of the pointe, which is one the W. side
5 or 6 miles, within the passage where the little Hand
lyeth, are 2 sholes a mile of the wester side (wherefor
coming in or out keepe the middell). There is 3 Fatham
vpone them, And the deapth ouer from side to side is from
14 to 20 2h^ and 21 Fatham : So w^e torned it within a
league of the little Hand in the strates mouth, and at night
calme. Anckored. Allowance Sack and biskett, beefe
and meale, i meale wheate with honye.

The lo^h [March] we wayed and had sight of Mackian,
being an hie and copped Hand bering N.E.ly, And the
Hand Tidore opening like a Sugarlofe one the wester
side, but not so hie land as Mackian. And it is shut into
the point of the westerside of the outwardmost Hands of
the 3- that lyeth in the going out, 2 of them being
without the narrowe or strate, and the 3 maketh the
strates itselfe, yet there are more Hands one the
Easter side. But the Currant setting to the S.wards, we
Ankored in 23 Fatham a mile of the little Hand in the
strates mouth. So that the distance from the strates of
Namorat^ To this passage is 5 leagues. And from the
Roade of Amasane wheare the Flemish fortrest standeth
14 leagues. Allowance Sack and biskett, i meale beefe,
I meale wheate with honye.

The ii^h [March] in the morning we wayed, the wynd
at S. by E., and corrant setting to the N.ward. We
passing the straites. The wynd vered to the N.W. by N.
We stoode to the E. ward tell noone, then we tackt to the
W. ward, the wynd at N.N.W., and had sight of Gelolo,'*

1 Written 20. 2h. Probably 20, 22^ is meant.

- Perhaps the Lata-lata Islands.

^ Same as Namacota above.

* Gilolo or Djilolo ; Gillolo in the Admiralty Chart.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 3 1

beiiiGf a long land ; deapth going out 29 and 34 l-'atham,
and manye Hands to the E. and E.S.K. The pointe of
ould Bachan lying to the N. wards of the strates some 3
or four leagues, leaning 4 Hands on the starboardside.
That which maketh the strates one that side is called
Taually Bachar,^ and when you are a little without the
small Hand which l}'eth in the strates, you shall haue
18 Fatham a cast or too, and then it will deepen, and
standing to the N. wards you shall open other Hands to
the westward, called Tamata,- with a Rock like a Saile
a good distance of the pointe of it. And ankored at
an Hand bering N. westerly 3 leagues from the Strates
in 43 Fathams, wheare on the Southerne point is a shoale
hauing 3 Fathams one the Skerts, and is drye at lowe
water, which shoale reacheth ouer to the S.^ part of Bachan,
we riding h a mile of the shoare. This Hand is Called
Taually."* The wynd at N.N.W. Allowance Sack and
Biskett, I meale Beefe and meale, i meale wheat with
hon}'e.

The 12th [March] heare I stayed all this daye for Key
Malladaya, being the place he appoynted to com to me.
This Hand is distant from Mackian'"' 10 leagues. Allow-
ance Sack and biskett, 2 meales Rice with honye. Heare
we haue good store of wood, but no water.

The 13th [March] our Boats ashoare for more wood,
and the Coopers provided themselues of rotans*^ for water
caske, which make excellen hoopes, and is heare in great
abundance of all syses. The shoale afiforesaid now drye,

1 Great Tawali in the Admiralty Chart.
- Tameti in the Admiralty Chart.

2 S. in M.S., but see note on p. 18.

* This seems to be Tameti ; it is also called Little Tawali [^Eastern
Archipelago^ Eastern Pari, p. 398).

^ Makyan in the Admiralty Chart. From Tameti to Makyan is
just 30 nautical miles.

^ Rattans : Malay, rotang.

32 THE VOYAGE OF

bereth W. by S. halfe a mile of vs, and another point a
mile of or little more N.N.E. ; wynd at N. Allowance sack
and biskett, i meale beefe, i meale wheate with honye.

The 14th [March] for that he^ came not, his seruants
douted that the Flemings seeing vs to venture through
this passage amongest the Hands, did suspect him and
perforce kept him. Wherefore I sett saile. The wynd at
N. by W., and plyed vp for Mackan. The N.er point of
Taualy and the N.er point of Lattetate^ which we set
saile from, bering one of the other W, by N. and E. by S.
distant 6 leagues, and the N.er end of Taually and the
boddye of Grochie,^ the great Hand, lyeth the one of the
other N.W. 4 leagues, and N.N.W. from Grochie are 4 or
5 smale Hands, which couereth the mayne of the great
Hand, and are distant from it 5 leagues N. wards, and
there are manye Hands N.E. by N. called Mottere.* The
sounde lyeth cleare of all the Hands betwene Bachan and
Gelola (alyas Batta China'') S.E. and N.W., and is verye
brand, but hath Hands one the Starboardside as you go
to the N. wards.

The channell betwene Bachan, Mackian, Tidore, and
Ternata^ lyeth N. by W. and S. by E., and is six leagues
ouer in the narrowest part. We laye becalmed all night
twhart of Mackian. Allowance Biskett, 2 meales Beefe
with meale for Dumplings.

The 15th [March] in the morning we passed betwene
Battachina and Caia.*^ Lattytude at nowne oo^ 17"! to

1 I.e.^ Key Malladaia.

2 Lata-lata in the Admiralty Chart.

^ Guarichi in the Admiralty Chart. Goaritji in Eastern Archi-
pelago, Eastern Part, p. 398.

•» Motir. This seems a mistake. Motir lies some 5 miles due N.
of Makyan, and is a single island.

^ Valentijn, Mohiccos, p. 93, calls the western part of Gilolo
Batoetsjina.

^ Ternate, '' Kayoa in the Admiralty Chart,

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. T,^

the norwards, So that Macan' is not trulyc plased in
the platts,- for that there the Equinoctiall cutts it in the
middle, and we find it to stand 5 leagues more notherly.
Wynd at N. by E. and N. by W., with a Currant setting
to the S.wards, varyation 4^ 58™ E.ly. Allowance Sack
and biskett, i meale Beefe, i mealc oatmeale with honye.

The i6^ii [March] in the morning we weare faire by the
Hand of Caia, the wynd at N. by E. Heare we had sight
of a saile to the N. wards, which by a fisherman we vnder-
stoodc to be a Fleming bound from Mackian to Tidore
with saugo and other provytion. So towards night we
weare hard aboard Mackian, but stoode of tell morning ;
wynd at N.N.E. Allowance Sack and biskett, i meale
beefe and dumplings, i meale oatmeale and honye.

The 1 7'!^ [March] in the morning we weare faire by a
forte of the Flemings called Tabollola,^ wynd at N.E.
W'e stoode to the S.wards, the Currant setting vs to the
N. wards. Then the wynd at E. by N., we steered with the
E.most point, and came to an anckor at 4 in the after-
noone in the Roade of Pelebere* hard by Tahanne in 50
Fatham, within calle of the shoare, hauing one pointe of
the land S.S.W. 2 miles of, and another N.E. by N. il
miles of, and the Hand Caia S. fiue leagues of. This night
some smalle quantytie of Cloaues weare brought aboard,
the price sett at 60 rials of 8 per Bahar of 200 Cattyes,
each cattye 3 lb. 5 oz. English. I Reccaued a letter from
Key Malladaia at Bachan, excusing his staye to make

1 I.e., Makyan.

2 Charts ; sometimes spelt "plot." This seems to be the same
word as that applied to land, eg:, in grass-plot, the spelling of which
varies in the same way. Cf. " platte out and describe the situation of
all the Hands, rockes, and harboroughs to the exact use of Naviga-
tion, with lynes and scale thereunto convenient" {Voytiiffs and IVorks
of John Davis, p. xviii).

^ On the south of Makyan, called Tabollola or Tabilolo by X'alentijn
{Moluccas, p. 91).

^ I'oliweri (see map at p. go of \''alentijn's Moluccas).

34 THE VOYAGE OF

2 frinds, but shortly would be with me ; And in the meane
tyme had written to the people to helpe me to what Cloaues
they had, and to procure all they could for me with all
speede. Given to the messenger a peece white Callico.
Allowance Sack and biskett, i meale Beefe and dumplings,
I meale oatmeale with honye.

The 1 8th [March] in the morning came aboard a Sangaca^
proffering manye curtesies, which for more assurance of
performance of what was in his powre, I gaue him a silke
Alleia and a pees white Bafta, and to his childe a shash.
There came 2 Flemings aboard with him, whoe I refused to
speake with and to haue anye mannor felloshipp with them.
Would kepe the Cunterye people from bringing vs Cloaues
aboard, which we came for. They weare inquisatiue to
knowe whoe pilated vs to ride in this place, seing it could
not but be one of the naturalls, and yf they knew him they
would cutt him to peeces before our fases. And that we
did them wrong, this being there land, which they had
wone with there swordes. And vnderstanding heareof by
Mr. Cocks, I sent him to them to bid them gett them to
there fortes, and tell there Captanes that what mvnytyon
I had or other Commoditye, yf they would trade with me
they should haue it before anye other, for that we weare
nabors ; other knoledge I tooke none of them or of there
land, but heare I would Ride and Trade with whome
pleased to com aboard. And so they parted, Threatning
the naturalls which weare com aboard, that yf they knew
them to bring anye cloaues to vs they would put them to
death. The counterye people made light of there threates,
and said they held vs there frinds, and would com aboard
to vs. Bought this daye 300 Cattyes Cloaues, for which
we paid them in Cloath of Cambaya, and sould some for

^ Valentijn, in the vocabulary prefixed to his account of the Moluccas,
has " Sengadji, Hertog," i.e., Duke.

CAPTAIN JOHN SAKIS TO JAPAN. 35

Reatl\c moiijc. Giiicii to a Caualccrc in h()[)C of his fauor
to procure clones to be braui^iit aboard i pes white IJafta.
Allowance Sack and biskctt, i mcalc bcefe and DumpiinLijs,
I meale oatmeale with Honye.

The 19"' [March] the 2 Flemings came aboard againe,
and in there table bookcs offered to sett dovvne the names
of the Counterye people which came aboard our shipp.
Wherefore I caused the boatswane to turne them out (jf
tlic shipp, and to tell them yf they came aboard againe he
would bang them. So they departed, giuing him foule
speeches. I sent diuers of the Companye to walke
ashoare, and to see w^hat intertainment the Counterye
people would giue them. They went up to the Towncs of
Tahanne and Pelebre, And weare verye kindly intertancd,
but tould them the Flemings did so work with Key
Chiilisadang, the King of Ternates sonne, whoe was
newly com and did command them not to sell vs anye
cloaues, the Flemings inforsing him to laye this charge
vpone them vpone paine of death, otherwayes the)' had
rather we should haue them then the Flemings, which
opre-ssed them. And towards night the prince passing by
in his Curcurra, I sent of my pinnas well fitted with a faire
Turkey carpett and Crimsen silke and Gould cvrtens,
intreating him to com aboard, which he tooke kindly, but
craucd pardon at instant, but in the morning would vi/.ite
me. Giuen to the pilatt which brought vs from Batchan,
whome we finde heare to be a man of good request and
able to hclpe vs to Cloaues, 20 rials of 8 and i pes
Casiannc ;^ more .sent to his wyfe 2 lb. pepper and 40 lb.
Rice. Bought this daye 227 Cattyes Cloaues, And sould
pryttye quantytye of cloath cambaya for Redye monye.
Allowance Sack and biskett, 2 meales Rice with honye.
The 20^'i [March] in the morning a kinsman of the

1 Some kind of piece-goods.

D 2

36 THE VOYAGE OF

King of Ternata, the Cheife preest and the Casis^ of
Tahanie, came aboard and put me in good hope of Trade.
I gaue each of them a peece of Tapseele' for a vest, which
they Tooke kindlye, promising to assist me in what they
could. And they weare no sooner gone but a Corra Corra
came aboard from the King of Ternata, whearein was a
Sangaga of greate accounte, whoe brought a Fleming
with him to heare what conference past betweene vs. I
intertaned the Ternatan in my Cabbin, and would not
speake with the Fleming, vnderstanding him to be onlye
sent to the end afiforesaid, which pleased the Sangage well,
whose busines was from the King of Ternata to confer
with his brother Key Chellye Sadang heare about the
cause of my Comming, and to profer me the King's fauor
in what he or his counteryemen could doe (desiring to
know what force more I had), for thereby they could the
better helpe me to my lading, making the Flemings
present weaknes boath in shipping and in people knowne
to me, And Crauing pardon that he did demaund the same
of me. For that thrise^ our natyon haue beene heare
before, whose demenor they did genrally affect,'* and had
promised to com and vizite them with more shipping, but
yet could neuer see more then one at a tyme. So as they
could not for want thereof manifest there true heartes
vnto vs, And being oprest greatly by the Flemings and
Spannyards, had they but the King of Englands assistance

^ A Mohammedan divine (Yule and Burnell, s.v.). Probably
" Cadi," judge, is meant ; see Yule and Burnell under " Cazee."

- Taf(jilah, a stuff from Mecca. Tapseil is mentioned in Milburn
(vol. i, p. 289) among Surat cotton piece goods. Is iajachclas^ the
name of a striped cotton cloth formerly imported from Switzerland
into Japan, the same word? Valentijn {Choroinandel, i, p. 159)
mentions " Taffatsjelas " from Casseri.

3 These three visits were: Sir Francis Drake in 1578; Captain
(afterwards Sir) Henry Middleton in 1605 ; and his brother, David
Middleton, in 1608.

* I.e., like.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 37

by shipping to furnish them with victuall, they ccniUl at a
sudden cleare there Countcryc of the too other nat\'ons.
I held it fittinj^ to hould him in hand^ of 2 more shipps I
had coming, and expected them everye daye (to incurrage
them the more to aduenture to bring me spice aboard),
earnestly intrcating him that yf he did heare of them to be
at anye other Hand heare about, as Tidore or Ternata,
that he would giue them to vnderstand of my being heare
at Mackian, expecting them as by directyon, douting-
there not being allreadye heare to haue hapned by
contrarye wynds or Corrants ; which he not onlye promised
to doe, but to send a Curra Curra of speede vnto me with
the happie tidings. I gaue this Sangaga for a present i
pees Tapsill and 2 pees silke Alleiayes. And being entred
at least halfe an howre into his Curra Curra, and not
putting of, vnderstoode he stayed for the Fleming, whoe
had laded his head so full as his leggs weare not of
abillytye to carrye his Sowst'^ boddye. The Caualere
vnderstanding thereof departed, and our hole shipp's
Companye had no little Troblc with him. Brought aboard
this daye 58 Cattyes Cloaues, and sould good quantytie of
Cambaya cloath for Redye monye. Allowance Rack and
biskett, I meale l^eefe, i meale oatmeale with honye.

The 2i*i^ [March] the drunken messenger made amends
by sorrofuU showe of his nights busynes, and was sett
a shoare. And after came an oran Caya* aboard, who
tould me that by the waye a Curra curra of the Flemings
had searcht 3 or 4 prowes'' or cannooes coming aboard to

1 To keep in a state of uncertainty ; amuse with the view of gaining
some advantage.

* I.e., conjecturing.

^ Soused : drowned in hquor, drunk.

' The head of one or more villages : properly, a rich man (\'alentijn ;
Yule and Burnell, s.v.).

^ Parahoe or praauw, a small vessel consisting of a tree hollowed
out (Valentijn).

9^ OF THE ^

UNIVERSITY .

OF ^ ''

38 THE VOYAGE OF

me with Cloaues, and taken them from them, Threatning
death to them at the next offence in the Hke, And since
my coming had disfurnished there fortes, keeping the
Hand about by the seaside,^ that none should bring vs
spice, And that they had sent ouer a Curra Curra to Tidore
for too great shipps to come ride by me, one ahead and
another astarne, to beat me out of the roade or to suffer
none to trade or bringe me anye refreshing. Giuen to
the pilatts mate which brought the shipp hether, i peece
duttye, I peece white bafta and i peece Candakeene.^
Wee receiued this daye 44 Catties cloaues and sold some
Cambaya cloth for monye. Allowance Biskett breckfast,
I meale beefe and dumplings, i meale beefe.

The 22tii [March] we had sight of one of the Flemings
shipps coming aboute the pointe, so that we had little
commerse, the people afrayde. I Receiued a present from
Key Malladaia of diuers meates readye drest and fruites,
Signifiing that he was not yet com from Bachan, but
daylye expected, yet I verylye thinke he is come. But
keepes cloase to see how matters will passe. The Flemings
hauing reported ashoare that they should see vs Rune
out of the Roade at sight of one of there shipps. Giuen
to them which brought the present, viz. i pees Silke Aleia,
I pees white Bafta, i peece Blew Byram, and 2 peeses
Candakeenes, And to him which brought the first parcell
of clones aboard i Candaquene. Receiued this daye 29
Cattyes Cloaues, And sould good store of cloath for monye.
And at night the Fleming came and ankored astarne me,
but within calle. The shipp is called the Red Lyon, and
hath 30 peeses ordnance, The Captain one Block,^ which

^ l.e.^ guarding the coast.

2 A low-priced cotton cloth from Cambay (Burnell's LinscJioten^
vol. i, p. 60, n.).

^ Adriaan Martensz Blocq, who was afterwards Governor of
Amboyna. He is called " Block " in the Dutch records. See Tiele's

CAPTAIN JOHN SAKIS TO JAPAN. 39

came out Gcnerall of the 1 1 sailc last from holland. We
vsed vcryc blockish intertainment one to the other, not
once speaking nor shooting-, yet both provided.' Allow-
ance Rack and biskctt, i mcale Beefc, i meale wheate with
hon}-c.

The 23^'! [March] the Captain of the Flemmish, ac-

companed with diners soldyers, went a shoare, and at

landing had 3 peeces shott out of his shipp, marching

in state b\' our shipp, threatning the naturalls that we

could in the shipp understand there conference. Wheare-

forc I presentlye sent Mr. Cocks, Mr. Craulye and Mr.

Wickham ashoare in my pinnasse well fitted, and sett out

a swart to carrye a faire kittasall- ouer them. And at

putting of the shipp gave them 5 peeces ordnance, willing

Mr. Cocks to walke towardes the Flemings, and finding

them to meete them, to vse like courtesic, yf not to sett

still and maintaine state. To goe hard to them and take

vp a waye to Tahaimie and Peleberie, And passe tyme

with the naturalls. And finding anye good quantytye of

Cloaues to buy them, and send them aboard garded by

our owne people. But the Flemmings remaned setting,

and our people without respect of there Greatnes, in the

sight of the Counterye people, walked vp to the Towne,

and weare well vsed, but the prinses charge was such as

they dared not sell anye cloaues, albeit there was som

in there howscs. They tould Mr. Cocks that the Flemming

at his coming a shoare had protested that at ariuall of

Opkomst van het Ncderl. Gezag in Oost-Indie^ second scries, vol. i,
p. no, etc.; also vol. ii. of same series, p. 159, and De Jonge
passim. The Roode Leeuw met Pylcti was one of the ships under
Verhoven that left the Texel December 22nd, 1607, but she arrived
home again in December 161 1. She came again to Ilirado, in Japan,
in August, 1612, and in February 161 3 was at liantam. .She was
again in Japan in 1617 and was wrecked at Hirado.

^ I.e., on the alert.

2 Portuguese, qidtasol, i.e. umbrella.

40 THE VOYAGE OF

there other shipp from Tidore, which they expected daylye,
they would take and make prise of us, vsing manye base
speeches of our natyon. This daye we had Httell or no
trade, for the people feared to bring victuall aboard, there
command being to the contrarye. Allowance Biskett and
Rack, I meale beefe and dumplings, i meale wheate and
honye.

The 24th [March] The prince of Ternata, Key Chilli
sadano, sent me word he would come and vizite me. I
made redye to intertane him. At coming he Rowed
3 tymes Round about the shipp, hauing diuers other
Great Corra Corras with him, and at enterance I ordered
5 peeces ordenance, bringing him to my cabbyn, wheare
was provided a sufifityent bankett to haue beene sett to his
Father, with musick and all necessar^-e, which much con-
tented him. He promised faithfullye to tollorate the people
to bring cloaues a board, praiing me to haue patyence but
for a daye or too, that he had aduise from Tidore, his
brother being theare. Giuen him a present, viz., i doble
lockt peece damasked, i Turkeye carpett, i fine shash, and
I redd shash of silke and Gould. And at departure 7 peeces
ordnance. I writt to Key Malladaya at Bachan. Allow-
ance Biskett and Rack, i meale Beefe, i meale wheate
with honye.

The 25th [March] in the morning a Curra Curra of the
Flemmings came rowing by the ship, vsing a song of
scoffing and mocking our people, as they had done manye
tymes before, which vrged them to complane. Wherefore
I caused my pinnasseto be well fitted, and at coming back
againe, if they contynued there course, to run aboard and
sink them. They came singing and scoffing according to
there custome, my pinnas ran aboard of them with such a
surge^ as the water came through hir sides, there being in

1 Speed, or shock, or rush. As in the expression: "surge the
cable," i.e., run it out with a rush.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 4!

her 3 of the Captains of there fortes, well fitted with siiott
and dartes : our men well provided, and 2 good foulers in
the skiffs head. They laye a good while aboard of hir, and
charged them to take this for a wardning, and giiie ouer
there scoffing of them, or the next time they would teach
better manner ; and so came aboard. I did this the rather
too, for that the}' vsed to rowe ouer our canboyes,' and had
lik to haue sonke them, which was a discurtesie, but they
promise it shalbe so no more. And towards evening they
sent vnto me one Christian a marchant, with a writing
from there doctor in droites,- whoe as 1 heare is there
cheife heare in the absence of Butt.^ The effect wheareof
was to lett me knowe that all the people of the Mollocos
had made a perpetuall contract with them for all there
cloaues at 50 rials per Bahar of 200 Cattyes, in Respect
the\' had deliuered them out of the seruitude of the
Spannyards, and not without the losse of much blood and
expence of great wealth, willing me that I should not
mooue the people from obedyence, which might tome to
their great dammage, They houlding the Counterye to be
there owne, as Conquered by the Sworde. Allso that
these people owed them much monye, which they haue
aduansed to be paid in Cloaues. I Retorned answer that
I would not meddel with there busines, nether had anye
thing to doe with what dets was owing to them, But would
trade heare with anye man which would deale with me.

^ A hollow buoy, made of metal.

2 Law.

^ I.e., Peter Both. His Treaty with the Sengadji and chiefs of
Makyan is given by V'alentijn, Mohiksc Zaaken., p. 224. Art. 2 stipu-
lates that cloves are not to be sold to any but the Dutch, at the rate of
50 rials of 8 the bahar, for ever {En beloven de 7>oorschrcve Sengadji's
en Principalen, tiit nacun Tan de geheele genteinle, dat zy liKnne
Nagalen aan geen andere itit liecniscJie Natie, ah alleen aan de Dienaars
van de vereenigde Compagnie, ziillen 7'crkoopen., en dat nict /loo^er dan
vyftig Realcn van agten de Bahaar, ad perpctuitatem). The Sengadji
negotiated as representative of the King of Ternate. V^alentijn gives
the date as January i6th, 1613.

42 THE VOYAGE OF

We discovered 2 Gallyes at the Topmast head, which the
counterye people weare in good hope had beene the
2 English shipps I expected, and before we had sight of
them brought vs worde thereof. Allowance Biskett and
Rack, I meale Beefe and dumplings, i meale wheate with
honye.

The 26th [March] sould to Key chillye sadange i Barrell
Gunpouder for 30 Rials. And towards night the Sangaga
of Ternata came to tell me he was now going with the
prinses letters to the King in my behalfe, and said he
thought good to call and see yf I would [send] anye thing to
him. I esteemed this a Kinde of begging of a present for
the King, wherefore I conferred with Mr. Cocks and Mr.
Peacock what they thought fitting. It was resolued viz.
I piece Symyan Chauter,^ i piece bafta, i peece sandall
harere,- with which he departed well contented. Allow-
ance Biskett and Rack, 2 meales Rice with honye.

The 27th [March] I sent our people to walke ashoare,
but to haue no famillyaryty with the Flemings, which for
ought I could heare was well performed. The Flemings
doe inforce the prince to lye with his Curra Curra hard by
astarne. To keepe watch that none bring anyething aboard
us, for in my sight he Commaunded a Canowe aboard him
which was coming to vs, I thinke with spice, and made him
retorne and not goe aboard ether of us. And towards
night 2 of the cunterye people came and brought som
refreshing and a Beame to waye spice with. Giuen in re-
quitall 2 duttyes, 2 bookes^ Cally[c]o and a candikeenc.

^ Cp. Letters Received, vol. i, p. 317. Symyan := semianoes (see
Roe, p. 322, etc.) ; chauter = chowter.

^ " Harere" occurs as a qualification of various kinds of silk piece
goods ; it seems to-be-4Ji4 Hind, harir, silk. Can "sandall"' be semial,
which Webster's Dictionary defines as " a light, thin stuflf of silk or
thread," deriving it from Spanish ceitdal ?

^ A piece of calico folded in a book-like manner (see A N'ew
English Dictionary, s.7/ Book-muslin).

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 43

Allowance Biskett and Rack, Beefe i meale, vvhcatc with
honye.

The 28th [March] The prince vnderstanding that I tooke
it not well that he ridd so neare me, to the fearin^e of the
Cunterye people, he remoued and went about a point fur-
ther of, whereat the Memings weare much discontented.
And in the afternoone mand my skiff well, and went to
haue v'izited him and to haue proued yf I could haue made
anye agreement with him for som quantytye of Clones, but
he was gone to the Wester side of the Hand. But Block,
seeing me to goe into the baye, followed me with his Curra
Curra, and would haue landed wheare I was, but I would
not suffer him, which the cunterye people seeing, and that
he retorned aboard againe, came presently downe of the
better sort of them, protesting verye deepely that yf my
other too shipps weare com in they would revolte. They
sent for Cokers and other fruite, and bestowed vpone the
ging.^ The master, seeing the Fleming to make such speed
after me, mand the long boate, but vpon a sine which I
caused to be made they retorned aboard. At night for a
farwell to certane oran Cayas I gave them 3 peeces.

Allowance Biskett, i meale Beefe and dumplings, i
meale Beefe.

The 29th [March] I sent W'" Eaton and Deago- vp into
the Cuntery for Cloaues, vnderstanding of one which had
som and durst not bring them downe. They retorned
aboard with them vnwayed, the partye promising to com a
daye after aboard for his content.'^ A present was brought
me by a Sangaga of the Cuntery, viz. 17 Cattyes Cloaues
and certane eatable commodytyes. The Cloaues I caused
the purser to put into hould emongest the Companyes, and
gau him in requitall a peece Tapseele. Another present

^ In Shakespeare and Mikon used for "gang, company" (C<'«/«/j
Dictionary).

'^ Diego. ^ Satisfaction, payment.

44 THE VOYAGE OF

was brought of etable commodytj^es. Giuen to him i
peece duttye, and i peece Candakeene. The pilates brother
brought another present of the like, and had a peece can-
dakeene. This night we had a great storm of rayne,
Thunder and lightning, but I prayse God our shipp ridd
smoothe. Allowance Biskett and Rack, i meale beefe,
I oatmeale.

The 30^11 [March] the Flemings brought the prince to
ride by vs in his ould place, And towards evening Came
another Flemish shipp called the Moone. She came to
an anckor so neare ahead of vs as we could scarse wynd
cleare one of the other.^ She is a propper shipp of 32 peeces
good ordnance, but not aboue 50 men. The prince sent
to excuse his coming back, for that it was to expect the
messenger sent to the King of Ternata, whome he appointed
to come to this place to him. But I esteeme what he now
sayes faulse, and that he dare doe nothing but what the
Fleming directs him. Allowance Biskett and Rack,
I meale beefe and dumplings, i oatmeale.

The 31^11 [March] in the morning a Canowe was coming
aboard me, but the prince stayed him, and sent him aboard
the Fleming, wherefore I sent Mr. Wickham with an
interpreter to the prince to knowe the occatyon, and when

1 should heare from the King of Ternata, and to tell him
that yf he feared these 2 Flemish shipps, all I desired of
him is but to remaine an newter, and permit my companj^e
to goe ashoare and trade with his people for victualls, yf
not otherwayes, and to fill som water. And in respect he
was the prince of the Counterye, I requested this of him,
which allowed, he should see that these 2, with there other

2 they threaten to send for, shall not keepe from me what
I wanted. He willingly granted to the feching of any
necessarye the Hand affoarded. And sent the messenger

^ I.e.^ swing clear of one another's anchors.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARlS TO JAPAN. 45

from Ternata Aboard to mc, whoc said that the King re-
commended him vnto me, desiring to see me, and then he
he would doc mc anye lawfull fauor he might. This
Sangagia was one of accounte, and spake the Mallaya
language verve perfect, and knew that I vndcrstoode him
therein, yett for state would vse a Jurebassa^ to tell me
his message, which I answered by Jurcbassa againc, one of
the Salors. The conclusion of the Kings answer was that
tell I came to him, there could be nothing done ashoare,
And so departed. Wherefore I suspect this to be som
blockish answer framed by the Generall of the Flemings
heare, For presentlye after the prince and the messenger
went aboard Captain Block, and at parting had 3 peeces
giuen them, the prince hauing in our sight beene diuers
tymes before there, and they gaue him none. I sent Mr.
Cocks, Mr. Craul)e and diuers other to walke ashoare and
see what the Flemings would doe, for there dalye speeches
to the Counterye people of our natyon was so base as was
not to be indured. They conferred with the Cheife ashoare
what they would doe, telling them that yf they would but
bring there spice to the water side, we would stand to the
hassard yf that the Flemings tooke it after we layed but
hand thereone, and would paye them for it to a penye.
They said they Generallye labored to Trade with vs. But
the Flemings force more then owres was the occatyon the
prince nor themselues could not doe what they are
willinge, praying them to tell me that at night they would
come aboard and speake with me, intreating for the Skiff
when it was darke. And while they were in this Con-
ference a cannowe was coming aboard me, which the
Flemings seeing sent of there skiff, and in the braud side
of me made 3 shott at them ; the people leaped ouerboard

1 Interpreter. " This word is really Ma.\a.yo-]a.va.neseJurudn/idsa;
literally, language-master" (Yule and Burncll, s.v.).

46 THE VOYAGE OF

and svvome ashoare, and Toing^ the Canoo aboard there
admyrall, I caused my Skiff to take hir from them, and
bring hir aboard, which they dyd, and 2 hovvres after I
sent them with hir ashoare, and deliuered it to the cheife
of the place. And in the night late the Casis and cheife
came dovv^ne according to promise, but brought a lanthorne
and Candel light before them, which the Fleming perceau-
ing sent ashoare the most of there men to intersept them.
And I sent my people to reskew and bring them aboard
yf they found them willing, and to take in and defend what
spice they had brought downe. The Flemings had incom-
pased the naturalls with som 60 shott, match in cock. Our
men brake in and put the Casis and 3 more of the Cheife
to enter our skiff, hauing 2 good foulers fitted, and my
Coxson, a lustie man, by them, which brought the Flemings
to a bitter,- we but 14 and the Mackians 6, each with his
sword and Targett. The Flemings would haue them
aboard, our people would take them into the Skiff. So
that ashoare and in the shipp we stoode only vpone the
first shott. I sent my Master (the Captain of the fort and
Block beirlg gon ashoare) with order to tell the naturalls
that if they would without more words enter my Skiff, he
would bring them a board ; yf into the Flemings Skiff,
I had nothing to saye to them ; yf into neather doe as they
pleased, for my people should see them free to there one
howses. They Concluded to retorne back. And our men
seeing them free retorned aboard. The Flemings leauing
there people ashoare to keep Gard that no other came to
vs. But presentlye it rayned so extreamelye, contynuing
all night with Thunder and lightning most fearfull, as
there senternell wished in the morning for a faire daye to
drye themselues and there peeces. Allowance Biskett and
Rack, I meale Beefe, i meale oatmeale.

1 I.e.^ [the Dutch] towing. ^ A better [mind].

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN'. 47

April, 161 3. The primo I sent Mr. Cocks and the mar-
chants to confer with the Casis and the rest about the
matter they would have com aboard for yester-nii;ht,
But they weare preuented by Capt. Block, whoe followed
him so as the Casis would not be scene, and at retorne the
Flemings had sett vp a Corpes de garde, and out of there
shipps and fortes plased 120 men ashoare, which morning
and evening sett and discharged the watch with drumc, fife
and Anc}-ent. Captain Block came to Mr. Cocks, and
willed him to tell me that I sent my people no more
ashoare in the night, for yf I did he would kill them. Mr.
Cocks answered him with laufture, and so lefte him.
Allowance Biskett and Rack, i meale bcefe and dumplings,
I meale oatmeale.

The 2''' [April] I conferred with the Master, willing him
to sett them to fill water, for I would to saile with the
first faire w}'nd, hauing littell more hope of lading heare.
I sent Mr. Cocks and the marchants to the Chiefe ashoare,
to acquant them that seith^ Key Malladya came not, nor
they durst bring me no more spice aboard, I would with
the first of the wynd sett saile, wishing that I had not
beene inforsed to carrye awaye my commodytyes, which
I was willing they should haue had at what resonable
rates they pleased, and must for my profit be inforsed
to furnish the Tidorians there enymyes therewyth, yet
would vizit them about 5 monethes hence ; whereat, as
they said, they seemed to be joyfull. And presently sent
for an Anckor aboard. At noone I observed,^ and found
this roade of Pelebery to stand in 00'' 26'" to the N. wards
of the Equinoctiall, varyation 3'^ 28'", the hiest land in the
Hand of Mackan bering N.N.W. ^ point W.ly. Allow-
ance Biskett and Rack, 2 meals Rice with honye.

' Since.

- Took noon observations of the sun (probably the usual latitude
by meridian altitude).

48 THE VOYAGE OF

The 3 [April] Calme. I sent diuers ashoare to walke.
And the Flemings had a sermond ashoare vnder a Tree,
the Domine standing in a praue.^ The salors tould our
people that they were resolued when we sett saile, one or
boath of the shipps to dogge vs tell we weare out of the
Mollocos. This daye dyed W'". Smart, Calker of the
Cloaue. Allowance biskett and Rack, i meale beefe,
I meale oatmeale.

The 4th [April] calme. We could not sett saile, and
after noone 2 Flemings came swiming from the shipps in
a shure of raine, the one a spie, the other for releefe. The
spie entred in the head, and being demaunded his busi-
nesse he said he came to buy a paire of Gardes,- which
vnderstanding of I gave order they shoulde make much of
him, purposing to get some further cause of his coming
out of him, and then to haue sett him fast, but being
suttell of a sudden, or upon the intelligence of one Boules
in my shipp, he leaped ouerboard and swome ashoare.
The other by the masters reporte being a lustie man and
a salor, earnestly intreated intertanement, which I granted,
but would not be scene in, willing the Master to conseale
him, and from hence he should haue wages, his name
James etc. And in the night I caused faulse allarames,
when it Rayned, to be made, which drue the Flemish
Corpes de gard out of there spritsaile scaunce^ into the
wett, and there noyse raysed the people to armes,
so that they were partakers of the wett, but no further
matter passed. The Skiffs of boath the shipps presently
mand to share with them in the same pillage. Allowance
Biskett, breckfast i meale beefe and dumplings, i meale
beefe ; dynnor and supper sack. Easterdaye.

1 The clergyman standing in a canoe.

- Pair, /.t'., a set. a pack of cards. Compare "pair of stairs" for
a flight of stairs {Century Dictionary).
^ Sconce, or shelter.

CAPTAIN JOHN SAFUS TO jAl'AN. 49

The 3"' [April] we waycd, littcll wynd ; the Currant
setting to the S.ward, we droue to sea, and being vnder
our foresaile 1 willed the Master to call to [the] Skipper
of the greater shipp, called the Aloone, And to tell him
that I was bound for Tidore, and would haue him gett vp
his anckor and followe me. He answered he would, and
being ahead him, he made a faire shott vnder my starne
which I presently answered close ahead his admirall,
expecting further, but heard no more of them. At noone
they boath wayed and followed vs, but the wynd at S.VV.
had put vs so farr to wyndward as the Cunterye people
came aboard with cloaues for a tyme as fast as we could
waye and payc for them, the Flemings not able to
impeach^ them. Allso there came an oran Caya aboard,
whoe said he had a good parcell of cloaues, which yf I
would but com nearer the shoare in the morning, he would
bring them aboard, which I promised to doe. Allowance
Biskett and Rack, i meale Beefe, i meale wheate with
honye.

The 6^h [April] diuers small Cannooes came aboard, and
braught about a | part of a bahar of Cloaues, but no
newes of the Gallant I stayed for, tell towards evening,
standing nearer the shoare than I was willing, calme and
the sea putting vs in, we had sight of a wefte- ashoare.
Sent of my skiff and spake with the oran Caya, whoe said
that his goods weare readye, and in the darke would goe
with them aboard, but presently a Curra Curra of the
Flemings passing by put him into such a feare, as albeit
my folks would haue wafted'* him, yet durst he not aduen-
ture, so they retorned. Allowance Biskett and Rack,
I meale Beefe and dumplings, i meale wheate.

' Prevent, hin<ier ; Fr. empccher.

' " Waft," generally used at the time for a signal (sometimes the
verb, " to watt," meant to convoy).

^ "Convoy." See previous note, and Letters Received^ vol. iii,
pp. 132 and 319.

56 The voyage of*

The 7''^ [April] in the morning we weare thwart of
Mootiore,^ being distant from the wester pointe of Mackian
4 leagues N. by E. h pointe E.ly, And N. from it 3 leagues
is the Hand of Marrer And 2 leagues from that Tidore.
There is passage betwene, or one anye side of, these
Hands without danger. We had sight of the 2 Flemish
shipps to the S. wards of vs, plying after vs. Lattytude
at nowne 00^ 35"\ the wynd westerly. At night the
wynd varyable. We plyed to and again all night ; verye
Tempestious weather. Allowance Biskett and Rack, i
meale Beefe, i meale wheate.

The 8th [April] Marro N. by W. som 2 miles of the
bodye of it, and i pointe N. by E. ^- pointe E.ly, and the
other N.W. by N. h pointe westerly, And the peake
of Tidore N. by W. And opening the E. pointe of
Tidore and the wester point of Bachan, they will beare
the one from the other N. and S., and the Bodye of
Marre W.S.W. ^ pointe S.ly, and the westerne part of
Tydore that you shall see W. by N. Looke well out, for
in the fairewaye is a longe shoale, which lyeth even with
the water at hie water, the water showing whitish, and
stretcheth N.E. and S.W. betwene Marre and Battachina,
And having brought the poynts of the Hands as aboue
said then it will be E. of you. At lowe water you shall
see it, for it ebeth 6 Foote, the Tyde setting 6 howres to the
N.ward and 6 to the S.wards. But keepe close to the
Hands, for there is no feare. The Spanniards forte is one
the E. side'of the Hand Tidore, where is deepe water shoare
to. And fauling calme suddenly, a great sea setting us in
to the shoare, The foort made a shott at me, but willingly
so short as I might see the bullett grase. I answered with
another, with a shott to seaboard. Then they made 2 shott,
intending to strike me. The one betwene the missen mast

1 The island of Motir.

- March, or Potbakers in Admiralty Chart.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS To JAI'AN. 5 I

and anticnt staff, the other bctwcne the mane mast and
foarmast. Then they shott a pcecc from the top of the
forte without a shott. I answered a peece without a
shott. And presently they sent of a boate with a flas^^g of
truse. The sea still setting vs upone the shoare, no vvynd
nor Ground at lOO Fathams, so that we could laye it of no
wa}'e, 2 Gallyes riding vnder the fort, when the b(jate was
put from the shoare shott there 2 chase peeces, but without
shott. The boate came and tooke a fast- astarne our shipp,
whcarein was two spaiiyards soldyers of good ranck,
knownc to Hernando the Spanyard I brought per force
from Bantam for the occatyons as afforesaid, whoacquanted
me of there fashion. There arrant^ was from the Captain
General! of the shoare, Don Fernando Byseere, To knowe
what natyon we weare, what I came for, and whye I came
not to an anckor vnder the Kings Majesty of Spanes forte.
I willed Mr. VVickham to desire them to com aboard.
They said they weare Commaunded to the Contrarye
whearefore I willed to be lett them downe from the poope
wyne and Bread in a string, which they tooke and fell to
lustylye in so great a shure of rayne as I haue scene, yet
would not enter the shipp. I retorncd answer that I was
the subiect of the Kings Majesty of England, as by my
cullors they might desearne. They said the Flemings had
manye tymes past by scott free by showing the like,
whearfor they made those too shott, thinking I had beene
a Fleming. And that my coming was to doe his Majesty
of Spanes frindes in these parts the best good I could, But
would not ankor heare, but further ahead, wheare, yf it
pleased Don Fernando to com aboard, he should be
welcom, with which answer they retorned contented ashoare,

^ Could not haul off the land by any means.

- A rope put out at the stern of a boat to make her fast by, in addi-
tion to the painter at the bow, is called a stern-fast.
•' Errand.

E 2

$2 THE VOYAGE OF*

and suddenlye it pleased God to grant us a Gaile, so that
we stoode alongest the shoarc. The General! sent off the
pilatt maior of the Gallyes, called Fransisco Gomes, a man
of Good presence, with Compliment and, telling me I was
welcom, offering me his assistance to bring me into the
best anckoring place, yf I pleased vnder the forte or else
wheare about the Hand. And darke brought vs to a place
about a league and half of the forte, wheare as he said was
no force.^ And so intreated after supper to be sett ashoare,
for that the Generall would despatch awaye letters to
Ternata to the master de Campo Don Jeronimo de Silua^
for resolutyon in all points, and so departed, for without
his directyon they could doe nothing. At his going
ashoare shott 3 peeces. Allowance Biskett and Rack,
I meale Beefe and dumplings, i meale wheate.

The 9'h [April] in the morning before daye, finding that
we weare within comand of 8 peeces ordnance wheare we
rid, gott vp our anckor and rid a league further to the S.
ward in 35 Fatham. Gomes the pilat came aboard with
one or two Spanyards more of good fashion, whoe I
received kindlye, so that they tooke there lodging aboard.
The General] of the fort sent me a present, viz, 10 henns,
I Goate and certane fruites, which I requited with 10
peeces poudered beefe, 10 peeces porke, 100 cakes Biskett
and a Barreco of wyne, with Comply ment that yf anye
thing in the shipp might stand him in steade it was at his
seruice, Intreating that he would not make strange to
acquant me with his wants of victualls and munytion,
which to the vttermost I could I would furnish, And take
Cloaues for Content, desiring speedye answer, for I would
not staye long and should be sorrye to heare of his heare-
after want of what thus freelye I offer. Giuen to the boy

1 Perhaps meaning " no sea, or swell."

- Governor of the Moluccos, appointed in 16 10 (Valentijn, Molukse
Caakcn, p. 240).

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAI'AN. 53

which came with the Cauilere which brought the present,
I pees Caziome^ harere cost i rial. The 2 Flemish ships
plyed as }'f they would hauc com to anckor by us, but
after went at [and ?] rid at there new fortrcs called Maraeco.-
Allowance biskett and Rack, 2 meales Rice with honye.

The lo^h [April] I expected newes from the master de
Campo at Ternata, and at nowne Deago de La Coba, an
Alferris,-'' came with a letter from the Goucrnor importining
{sic) nothing but Compliments, intreating me to his Castell
at Ternata, with other eydelnes, as per the letter extant, so
that I haue no hope of getting Cloaues heare, the people
of the Counterye not daring to com aboard in anye sort.
I acquanted Gomes the pylatt of Don Jeronimo dc Silua
his answer, and that seeth they made more respect of
Cloaues then of the curtesie 1 had com thus farr out of my
waye in loue to offer them, being such munysion as I hauc
had certane intellygence since my ariuall they wanted, but
for what occatyon refused I knew not, I would depart. He
intreated me to staye for a daye or too, And he douted
not but the Generalle would better bcthinke himselfe and
deale with mc for what Cloaues they had, w hich he pro-
tested was not abouc 50 Baharrs, A friggatt of 200 [tons]
4 monethes sence hauing carryed awaye all they had at
that present. And desired to goe ashoare to Don
Fernando Besero, to see what other course might be taken
touching these affares. Wherefore sett him ashoare in my
Skiff I Gaue vnto this Gomes a Ouadran, a sea Compas
and a Blanke.^ The master gaue him a halfe houre glas

^ See notes on pp. 35 and 42.

2 Marieko, a fortress belonging to the Dutch on the island of
Tidore {Mohtkse Zaaken, p. 248). \'alentijn says it was built by the
Spaniards {op. ciL, p. 10 1).

•* Alferez, Spanish for ensign or sub-lieutenant.

^ Blanke. "a kinde of money, coyned by King Henry the Fifth, in
the parts of France which were then subject to England, the value
whereof was 8d" (Blount's Law Dictionary, quoted in A Neiu Eni^lis/i
Dictionary). But perhaps a blanket is meant.

54 THE VOYAGE OF

and a halfe minit glasse, i hemysphere and a dipsie^ line,
and Mr. Cocks gaue him another Quadrant for to observe
the sun. To the Allferris giuen a peece Tapseele and
2 pare of the shippes shoes."- And 3 peeces ordnance at
parting. And Towards evening Gomes came aboard with
a message from the Generall to intreat me to staye, and in
the morning he would com aboard and vizite me with the
Sargant maior of Ternata, whoe was at present ariued
with a letter from the master de campo to giue them leaue
to deale with me for diuers matters, and to content me in
what I requested. Wherefore I resolued to staye in hope
of some Good. And towards night came a Coracorra by
bound for Batta China, whoe acquanted me that they
weare sent purposlye thether to Acquant the Captain of a
Gallye of theres theare that we weare Englishmen and
frinds, intreating me from the Generall that yf she came
by me in the night that I would suffer hir to passe
quietlye. I gaue them answer that they might passe at
there pleasures, But in the night I advized them not to
come neare the shipp. And heare vpon, douting som
trecherye, Commaunded doble watch to be kept all night,
match in hand and all our ordnance readye, allso caused
diuers light matches to be honge vp in divers places, as
one the poope and foarcastell, for better grace to our
force. The Curracurra retorned an houre before daye, but
kept cloase by the shoare, and of the Gallye we yett heard
nothing. Allowance Biskett and Rack, i meale beefe, i
meale wheate.

The nth [April] I expected the Generall according to
promise, and hearing 9 peeces ordnance to be shott out of
the foart, provided for them, making accompt they weare
coming. But it proued to be for the ariuall of the prince
of Tidore, whoe had beene out in warr, and was retorned

1 J'robably a " deepsea line " is meant. - See note on p. 57.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 55

with TOO Tcrnatans heades, his force 60 smallc shott, 2
Brasse Bases^ and 3 or 4 foulers, the slautcr done vpone
the King of Ternata his sonne Key chillyc Sadange, whoe
the Flemings had inforsed ouer from Ternata to Mackian,
to keepe the Counterye people there from selling me
cloaues. And in retorne back, the king of Tidores sonne
Hinge in waitc purposelye for him, and vpone sight of them
kept himselfc bchinde a point, and sent out 2 smalle prowes
to fish in the waye of them, which they seeing gaue chase
to. The fishermen retird easylye to the pointc, they
earnestl}'e following fell into the hands of there enymyes,
and was not one man saued of 160, the prince one of the
number, whose head the conqueror brought to his wyfe,
sister to the prince of Ternata slaine. At first incoming
the Barrell of pouder which the prince had bought of us at
Mackian Tooke fier, which was there confusyon. There
was slane with the prince one of his younger Brothers, and
the King of Gelola. Towards evening there came aboard
me Steuen de Balcasar, sargant maior of Ternata, and
Francisco Arsaue, Sekretarye to the state, with Compli-
ment as formerly from Dor Jeronimo de Silua, Intreating
me to com to Ternata and he would at full performe what
he promised, which I granted vnto, yt being in my waye.
At parting I gaue them 5 peeces. Allowance Biskett
breckfast, i meale beefe and dumplings, i meale porke.

The 12^'^ [April], the wynd S.ly, I thought to haue
wayed Anckor, but our Cable foule of a Rock, which we
could not cleere it, the tyde [being] spent. This daye the
Sargant major sent me a present, viz., 14 hennes and a
peece of dammaske, which I requited with 3 yeards
Broade cloath paid for to Mr. Cocks. He sent this
present by the allferris, whoe lost his rapyer entring the

' Base, the smallest kind of cannon used in the sixteenth and seven-
teenth centuries ; diameter of bore 1.25 ins., weight 200 lbs., weight
of shot 0.5 lb. {A New English Dictionary^ s.v.).

56 THE VOYAGE OF

shipp, but I gaue him a better. He sent monye 60 rials to
be bestowed in braud cloath, which Mr. Cocks tooke and
sent him 10 yeardes the same braud cloath I sent him for
a present. The prince of Tidore sent his prinsipall man
vnto me to compliment, and showe me that by reason of
his late skirmish with the Ternatans he could not, as he
was willing, com to vizite me, but shortly would, And had
som store of Cloaues which I should haue. And that he
would permit his people to make saile of what they had
vnto me. I retorned answer that this night I purposed to
sett saile, but for his sake would staye till morning, intreat-
ing dispatch yf he pleased to trade for anye thing I had.
Giuen to the messenger i silke Alya^ and i Campsam nill-
And so they retorned, promising I should haue answer
from the prince before daye. I ordered doble watch to be
kept, match in cock, and all things in readynes, douting
trecherye. This Tidorian prince being a verye desperat
and valient soldyer, hauing done manye exploites upone
the Flemings, and not long since tooke a Flemish shipp, a
man of warr, riding not farr from this place. Before daye
the Gallye before spoken of came ouer from Batta China.
They weare neare vs in the darke before they weare aware.
We haled hir. They answered Spanniards and your frinds,
and so made to the shoare with all speede. She was but
smalle, of 14 ores one a side. At nowne lattytude oo"^
50"^ to the N.ward of the Equinoctyall. Allowance Bis-
kett and Rack, i meale fresh porke, i meale salt porke.

The 13th [April] we wayed, the wynd N.erly, and a
Currant setting out of the S.ward, And passing b}' the
foart gaue them 5 peeces, which they requited. Diuers
Spanyards came aboard me with compliments, and the
princes man, saing that yf I had stayed but 24 howres

^ Alleja, see note on p. 24.

- Nill is Afiil, indigo (Yule and BurnelJ).

CAPTAIN JOIIX SARIS TO JAPAN. 57

longer I should haue had Cloaues good store, but I rather
think they intended som Trecherye with there Galleyes,
Frigatts and Corra Curres, but b)- sudden departure weare
preuented. And Coming about the wester part of Tidore
we had sight of 4 Flemish shipps riding before there
forte of Marieco, whoe at seight of vs one of them shott
a peece of ordnance. The reason thereof I know not,
except it was to calle aboard there people to FoUowe vs.
We steered directly with the fortres of Ternata, And
coming neare shortenned our sailes And laye by the lee,
and shott of a peece towards the Towne without a shott.
They red}'lye answered another without a shott, and sent of
a soldyer of good fashion, whoe from the Gouernor Don
Jeronimo de Silua intreated me to com vnder the forte,
protesting great kindnes. I hasted him a shoare to acquant
the Gouernor that I would plye close aboard the shoare
heare, yf he pleased to send of his goods, yf not I would
be gone. And for that he was verye desirous to buy 2 or 3
pare of shooes of the Companye, bestowed 3 pare of
prouant' shooes vpone him, which he accepted verye
thankfully. But little w\-nd, our shipp sagged- in vpone
the shoare, and no Anckoring, but at night a gaile at S.
we stoode into the sea, but lost much by the Currant that
we had gotten, finding it to sett to the S. ward. Allow-
ance Biskett and Rack, i meale beefe, i meale beefe and
meale, i meale oatmeale.

The 14th [April], the wynd at S.S.W., we steered N.N.W.,
and at noone had lattytude i'^ oo"\ We had sight of a
Gallye, wherefore cast about, and finding hir to stand
awaye, went our course awaye for Japan. God Allmightye
be our director. I willed to be deliuered to James our

1 Compare " ammunition boots." Provant shoes were shoes of
which there was a stock on board for issue to the sailors.

2 That is, went towards the shore. Compare the expression, " to
sag to leeward like an old haystack."

58 THE VOYAGE OF

new com Fleming i pees Aleia at 5 rials and i pees fine
duttye at 3 rials to make him aparrell, and to be paid for
out of his wages. Heare we had verye much Raine.
Allowance Biskett and Rack, i meale porke, i meale
oatmeale.

[^But before we part further from this Moluccan Coast,
I think it not amisse to acquaint the reader with a few
Notes that I hold worthy obseruance, touching the Trade
and state of those Hands.

Throughout all the Moluccae Hands, a Bahar of Cloues
doth weigh two hundred Cattees of that Countrey, euery
Cattee three pound fiue ounces haberdepoiz, which maketh
the Bahar to be sixe hundred sixtie two pound eight ounces
haberdepoiz subtill."- For which Bahar of Cloues, the
Flemmings by their perpetuall contract (as they terme it)
giue fiftie Rials of eight.^ My selfe for more speedie
obtayning of lading, yeelded to pay them sixtie Rials of
eight the Bahar. Which increase of price made them .so
forward to furnish vs, that had not the Flemmings by
their force ouer-awed the nationals,* imprisoning and
threatning them with death, and keeping watch and good
guards along the Sea-Coast, I had in one moneth pro-
cured our full lading. The most of these Hands beare store
of Cloues. Those of note inhabited yeeld one yeare with
another as followeth, that is to say, Ternate, one thousand
Bahars. Machian, one thousand and ninetie. Tydore,
nine hundred. Bachian, three hundred. Moteer, sixe

1 As already explained, the matter enclosed between square brackets
is not from the MS. log, but from the amplified version printed by
Purchas.

- Subtle weight in commerce is the weight when the tare has been
deducted and tret has yet to be allowed ( Webster's Dictionary). Cp.
also : " I payed 70 Ryalls per Baharr, the Baharr being 628 li. Suttle"
(Instructions from John Jourdain for a voyage to the Moluccas,
January 24, 1614-15, O. C, No. 240, in India Office Records).

^ See note on page 41. ^ Probably a misprint for ''naturals."

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAI'AN. 59

hundred. Mean/ fiftie. Batta China, fine and thirtie.
The totall is three thousand nine hundred seuentie fine.

Euery third yeare is farre more fruitful! then cither of
the former two, and is called the great Monson. It is
lamentable to see the mines that Ciuill Warre hath bred in
those Hands, which as I vnderstood at my being there,
beganne and continued in manner following. The Por-
tugall at his first discouerie of them, found fierce warres
betwi.xt the King of Ternate and the King of Tidorc,
vnder which two Kings all the other Hands are either
subiected or confederated with one of them. The Portu-
gall for the better settling of himselfe, tooke part with
neither of them, but politikely carrying himselfe kept both
to bee his friends, and so fortified vpon the Hands of
Ternate and Tydore, where to the Portugals great aduan-
tage, hauing the whole Trade of Clones in their owne
hands, they domineered and bore chiefest swa)- vntill the
yeare 1605, wherein the Flemming by force displaced
them, and planted himselfe : but so weakly and vnprovided
for future danger, that the next yeare the Spaniard (who
whitest the Portugal! remayned there, was ordered both
by the Pope and the King of Spaine not to meddle with
them) came from the Philippinas, beat the Flemmings out
of both the Hands, tooke the King of Ternate Prisoner,
sent him to the Philipinas, and kept Ternate and Tydore
vnder their command. The Flemming since that time
hath gotten footing there againe, and at my beeing there
had built him these Forts, viz.

Vpon the Hand Ternate, They haue a Fort called
Malayou,- which hath three Bulwarkes, and is walled round
about. Secondly, Tolouco,^ which hath two lUilwarkes,

^ Majo (Stieler's Hand-Atlas) ; Majau (Valentijn) ; Myo (Milburn) ;
Mayo (Admiralty Chart).
- "W-jX^yo {Beschryvi?ig der Moluccas^ Valentijn, p. 12).
^ Tolucco {ibid).

6o THE VOYAGE OF

and a round Towre walled about. Thirdly, Tacome,^
which hath foure Bulwarkes, and is walled about.

Vpon the Hand Tydore, Marieko, which hath foure
Bulwarkes.

Vpon the Hand Machian, First, Tafasoa' (the chiefe
Towne of this Hand), where they haue foure great Bul-
warkes walled about, sixteene Peeces of Ordnance, and
about one thousand Inhabitants of the Naturals.

Secondly, Nofakia,"' another Towne, where they haue
two Forts walled about and another Fort vpon the top of
a high hill there, which freeth the Roade on the other side,
and hath flue or sixe Peeces of Ordnance.

Thirdly, Tabalola,* a Towne where they haue two Forts
walled, eight Peeces of Ordnance, and the Inhabitants
hereof (as of the former) vnder their command. This
place is very strongly scituated by nature.

Those of Nofakia are esteemed no good Souldiers, but
are reported to take part alwayes, as neere as they can
ghesse it, with the strongest. But the Naturals of Taba-
lola, which formerly dwelt at Cayoa,"' are accounted the
best Souldiers of the Maluccae Hands, and are deadly
Enemies to the Spaniards and Portugals, and as weary
now of the Flemmings.

In these three Forts vpon Machian, there were at my
being heere an hundred and twentie Holland Souldiers,
viz., eightie at Tafasoa ; thirtie at Nofakia ; and ten at
Tabalola ; which Garrison is with the least.

This Hand Machian is the richest of Clones of all the
Moluccae Hands, and, according to the generall report of
the Inhabitants, yeeldeth in the yeare of the great Monson
aboue eighteene hundred Bahars of Clones.

1 Tacomi {op. cii., p. 13). '^ Tafasoho {op. ct't., p. 90).

3 Gnoffickia {ibid). ^ Tabilolo {ibid).

* Cajoe, an island between Batsjan and Makyan {Bescliryintii^ der
Moliiccos, p. 89). Kayoa in the Admiralty Cliart.

CAI'TAIN jOItN SARiS TO jAFWN. 6l

Vpon the Hand Bachiaii, The Flemmings haue one
great h'ort.

Vpon the Hand Moteer, They haue foure Bulwarkes.

These Ciuill Warres have so wasted the Nationals,^ that
a great quantitie of Cloues perish, and rot vpon the ground
for want of gathering. Neither is there any likcHhood of
peace to bee made betwixt them, vntill the one part be
vtterly rooted out.

Thus leaning them to their warres I will return to our
Trafficke, and shew in what manner wc traded with the
Naturals for Cloues, which for the most part was by
bartering and exchanging Cotton cloth of Cambaya and
Coromandell for Cloues. The sorts requested, and prices
that they yeelded :

Candakeens of Barochie,"six Cattees of Cloues. Canda-
kcens Papang,^ or flat, three Cattees. Selas,* or small
Bastas,^ seuen and eight. Patta chere Malayo,'' sixteen.
Dragam chere Malayo, sixteen. Fine Cassas,^ twelue.
Coarse of that kind, eight. Betellias,^ or Tancoulos red,
fortie foure, and fourtie eight. Sarassas^ chere Malayo,
fortie eight and fiftie. Sarampouri,^'^ thirtie. Chelles,^^ Tap-

1 Misprint for " Naturals."

- Candakeen is explained in a note under March 2ist. Baroach,
Broach or Bharuch, on the Nerbudda.

^ Papang is appatently ;;^(?/^rt;/, Malay for "board."

* Selas is perhaps Shalee (Yule and Burnell), called Sheilas by
Milburn.

^ Misprint for " Baftas."

" C/tere Ma/ayo IS c/iara iWalayu : Malay fashion.

'• Cossaes (Yule and Burnell).

'^ Betteelas (Yule and Burnell), a kind of muslin. " This linnen is
of divers sorts, and is called Serampuras, Cassas, Comsas, Beatillias
Satopassas, and a thousand such-like names" (Linschoten, quoted in
Yule and Burnell, s. v.).

" From this is derived the Japanese word sarusa, chintz.

'" Salempores(Yule and Burnell;, a kind of chintz ; but see note on
Betellias.

" Chelloes v\ ulc and Burnell;.

62 THE VOYAGE OF

siels, and Matafons/ twentie and foure and twentie.
White Cassas, or Tancoulos,- fortie, and foure and fortie.
Dongeryus,-^ the finest twelue. Coarse of that kind, eight
and ten. Pouti Castella/ten. Ballachios'" the finest, thirtie.
Patta chere Malayo, of two fathomes, eight and ten.
Great Potas,*" or long foure fathome, si.Kteene Cattees of
Cloues. Parcallas^ white, twelue. Salalos Ytam,^ twelue
and fourteene. Turias and Tappe Turias, one and two.
Patola,^ of two fathomes, fiftie and sixtie. Those of foure
and one fathome accordingly. Rice, eight and twentie
pound, a Riall of Eight. Sagu, which is a roote whereof
the Naturals make their Bread, and is their chiefest food
through the whole Countrey. It is sold in bunches, and
was worth there one quarter of a Riall of eight a bunch.
Veluets, Sattins, Taffataes, and other stuffes of Silke of
China, are very well requested heere. And this shall serue
for aduice concerning the Moluccae Hands.]

The 15th [April] wynd at N.N.E. We steered W. by N.,
but the wynd vering to the S., we steered N. som tymes
E.ly and somtymes westerly, butt got littell ahead. Verye

1 Valentijn mentions Matafons of Bengal among goods imported
into Japan, but there is no such word among the names of Bengal
piece-goods given by Milburn.

- Tancoulo is perhaps tengkuluk, a head-kerchief, or kind of turban.

■^ Dungarees, a kind of coarse and inferior cotton cloth (Yule and
Burnell).

^ Pouti, Malay for " white,'' putih. Kastila, also Katela, applied to
Spanish articles.

^ Ballachio is no doubt blachii, Malay for unbleached calico.

^ Photaes (Yule and Burnell).

'' Percaulas. From this is probably derived the French word
" percale," a cotton tissue, used for binding books " in cloth,"' as we
call it.

^ Hitam, Malay for " black." Salalos is perhaps a misprint for
Saloes, cf. "red Sheilas or Salloes," quoted by Yule and Burnell from
Milburn, s. v. Shalee.

^ Canarese and Malayalim pattuda, a silk cloth. " Patolos of silk,
which are cloths made at Cambaya that are highly prized at Malacca
(Correa, Lcndas, vol. ii, p. 2, 714, quoted by Yule and Burnell}.

CAPtAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 6

much Rainc and subiect to calmes. I willed our Cloaues
to be wayed and put vp in dr}'e Caske, viz. 12 hlid and i
dryfatt,^ p^- 3690"' English, is 910J Cattyes, makes 4
Bahares 1 10 j Cattyes, at 200 Cattyes to the bahar, cost 60
rials of 8 the Bahar. Amountes to 273 rials, bought for
Royalls and cloath of Cambaya. Bought of Dayle the
Coxson I ferkin of 2'', y^ and 4^^ nayles for the shipps vse,
the Carpenter wanting. The said Dayle having bought
them of Jones, the Boatswane of the Hector, which maye
be douted to haue stolen them from the Companye ; paid
for them 4 rials of 8. Allowance Biskett and Rack, i
meale beefe and dumplings, i meale oatmeale.

The i6^h [April] calme tell night, a gaile at W. Wc
steered N.N.W. But little wynd all night. Allowance
Biskett and Rack, 2 meales Rice with honye.

The 17'h [April] in the morning, wynd at E. by S., we
steered N. but after varyable, shifting to all the pointes
of the Compas ; and towards night had sight of land to the
N.ward. Allowance Biskett and Rack, i meale porke,
I meale oatmeale.

The iB^h [April] Calme with much Raine and Contrary
wynds. I conferred with the master and his mates con-
serning the going for the Hand called Saiem to the w^est-
ward of vs, and there to stay and refresh tell the monson
will permit our proseede. They liked well heareof. But
instantlye the wynd came to the \V., so that we stood N.
and N. by E., our course along, little wynd. John Azie
dyed in the Cloaue. Allowance Biskett and Sack, i meale
beefe and wheate, i meale porke and wheate, and boath
meales wyne.

The ig^^ [x'\pril] little wynd at W. We continued our
course N. by E., verye much Raine and extreame hott.

' A large basket or receiver, for tlie reception of dry substances.
- p' = pois, weight.

64 THE VOYAGE OF

Allowance Biskett and Rack, i meale porke, i meale
vvheate with honye.

The 20th [April] in the morning Calme, and a Continuall
Corrant sett to the E.wards, which we haue felt euer since
our departure from Ternata. And in the afternowne the
wynd came to the N. a gaile : We stoode to the westwards
to stem the Corrant. The master came and conferred
with me that in regard of the N.erly wynds subiect to
calmes and Currant E.erly, it would be the best course to
stand in with a great Hand called Doy,^ and there to rest
and refresh, which I willingly allowed of, and presently
Tackt and stoode to the E. poynt of it. Allowance
Biskett and Rack, i meale beefe, i meale wheate with
honye.

The 2i"i [April] in the morning we weare faire before
the said Hand, neare the N.ern point, being a lowe point
streching to the S. wards. We stoode in E. by S., wynd at
N. by E. At nowne I caused the Skiff to be well mand,
and sent Mr. Hinsly, one of the Master his mates, to search
out for a convenyent place to ride in, but the Currant sett
so stronge to the E.ward as we could not gett ahead,
onlye discouered a baye verye spatyous, but had a great
shoale lying of the N.ern point h a league into the sea,
and had 60 Fatham 2 mile of the shoare, sand. But night
in hand, we stoode of tell morning. Allowance Biskett
and Rack, i meale porke, i meale wheate with honye.

The 22th [April] in the morning, a smalle gaile at N.E.ly,
we stoode in. Being aboute 2 leagues of, I sent of my Skiff,

^ In the map at p. 22 of Linschoten the island is so named, but he
gives it a disproportionate size. In the AdmiraUy Chart it is spek
Dui, but the epithet ' great ' of the text seems inapphcable. Perhaps,
after all, Saris really means the larger of the two islands immediately
N.E. of Gilolo, the name of which is variously spelt Morti, Mortie, and
Morotay. This view is confirmed by the statement under May 12
that "This Hand Doy, being the N.E. most Hand of Batta China in
the Molocos." The latitude of Dui is 2" 15' N., while Morti extends
from 2° to 2" 48' N.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 65

Mr. Hounsell master's mate in hir, and in the baye found
good ankorag from 60, 80 and 10 Fathams, sand, a good
berth of the shoare, whcarcat they shott there muskets
according to order, and after sunsett we ankored in 24
Fathams, hauing had in 56, 35, 26 and 24 Fathams.
Riding against a hie greene hill with one tree standing in
a pitt in the top thereof, in forme of a summer howsc, ^ a
league within the N. point of the shoale, which is drye at
lowe water. The trees one the top of the greene bering E.
by N., and the 2 outward points of the land one N.E. by N.,
and the other W. by S. Allowance Biskett and Rack, i
meale beefe, i meale wheate with hon)-e.

The 23^h [April] I sent Mr. Hounsell in the Skiff ashoare
to looke out for a convenyent place to water in, and to
erect a Tent for our people to remane yf it should rayne.
He presently retorned, hauing found what he went about,
and right ouer against the shipp great Track of deare and
swyne, but no signe of people, the place verye full of trees
and aboundance of Cokers, penang,^ Serye,'^ palmetes, and
foule boath fesant and wood doues.^ I went ashoare with
the marchants in Companye, sett vp a Tent, and the
Carpenter made faule petts for to take swyne verye
artefityallye ; some fishe we tooke with great labor
emongest the Rocks. Allso one fesant and 2 wood
pidgions very large, as big bod)'ed as henns. Some of our
people being willing Remaned ashoare all night to looke
for the Coming of the Swyne to the Trap. Allowance
Biskett and Rack, 2 meales Rice with honye.

The 24''^ [April] I went ashoare accompaned with the
marchants, but found no swyne taken. They had sight of
verye great ones, but through Raine which fell there peeces
would not take. This daye about halfe an howre after

* /.e., the areca-nut palm.

- Siri, the Malay word for Piper betel ^ the leaf of which is used for
wrapping round the areca nut.

' Purchas has here " wood cocks,"' which seems unlikely.

66 THE VOYAGE OF

7 of the Clock in the morning the moone in the full was
Eclipsed, the strangest that ever I did see, being obscured
32 howres before she recouered hir perfect light, which to
us was verye fearfull. Allowance Biskett and Sack, i
meale beefe, i meale wheate.

The 25'h [April] The Coxson and others desirous to
seeke out for some refreshing in the bottom of the baye, I
lett him haue the skiff well appointed. They retorned with
foule and great store of Cokers and headdes of palmeta
Trees, which boyled with beefe ar as good as Cabedg,
wheareof the hole Companye had great store, allso as they
said an excellent place to hale the saine. Allowance
Biskett breckfast, 2 meales beefe with wheate.

The 26^h [April] in the morning before daye I went out
with our longe boate and Skiff To drawe our Sayne,
Accompaned with the marchants, which yf it had byn gods
will I wishe we had all taryed aboard, for to my great
harts greife Mr. John Craulye and Robert Lantro weare
drowned in a wherlpoole. And myselfe and others heardly
escaped, being the pleasure of god it should be so, John
Conaway and Peeter Torner being the cheefe occatyon
under God to saue me, God almightye grant to his Glorye.
Allowance Sack and Biskett, i meale Beefe, i meale oat-
meale.

The 27'h I gaue Peeter Torner and Conawaye each of
them a peece of Tapseeles. I caused Mr. Craulyes and
Robert Lanckros Goods to be sould at the mast, which
weare as viz.

Mr. Craulye in Redye monye - - 012 . 03 . 09

In Goods as per Inventorye per purser - 058 . 08 . 05

Robert Lantro in Redye monye
In Goods sould as per Inventorye

070 .

12 .

, 02

OCX) .

016 .

08,
, 10 ,

. GO
. 02

016 .

18 ,

. 02

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO jAl'AX. 6/

Note that Air. W'ickliam, one of the marchants, made
challenge to all Mr. John Craulye.s Goods by vcrtue of a
paniphlett^ or writing he shewed, but no wittnes to it, and
doutfull wheather it weare Mr. Craulyes writing or firme.-
And vnderstanding that he had made a forme of a will
after the other, as the purser affcrmed, but could not be
found, I thought it good U) Ictt it rest tell better prcxjfe or
tr}^all in England.

This daye Mr. Eaton, [purser's mate of the Hector, made
knowne vnto me that 2 Bayles Indyco Lahore of the
Companyes weare priuatlye shared aboard the hector
betwene the Redd sea and Bantam by Mr. Camden, the
purser, the Cooper and som others, and that in the said
2 bayles weare found 4 Chockoroes'' of simmian Chanters,
verye fine cloath, viz. in each bayle 4, contayning 4 in a
Chocoro, is 16 peeces in a bayle, is 32 peeces in the hole,
and being by Mr. Richard Dawes discouered, Mr. We.sby
and Eaton coming into houlde betwene the decks, found
the afforesaid with Daye the stuard a parting it, and
weare profered a part but as he protesteth denyed it, much
admiring^ there dishonnesties. These 2 bayles belonged
to one Hagy Messa Tabresi,' with whom I had much
treble at Moha'' for content for the said 2 Bailes, But

' Properly, a stitched book : Hpam^h />(ipc/e/a.

^ .Signature.

^ "This seems to be the Hind, cliakar (Sanskrit c/uikra, a wheel or
circle), used in the sense of a roll or bale" {Letters Received by the
East India Company^ vol. i, Glossary.) " Simmian," also written
" Semian" and " Semiano," apparently derives its name from the
Persian shaiiiyana, " a canopy," being principally employed for that
purpose, though Sir Thomas Roe describes the Mogul Emperor as
wearing "a fine Semian as thin as La.\\nc" {Embassy^ vol. ii, p. 322).
" Chauter" is probably the Hind, c/tadar, "a sheet or square piece of
cloth of any kind." The connection is, however, denied in Yule and
Burnell {s.v. Cliudder).

^ Wondering at.

^ Hadji, the title of honour given to a .Moslem who has performed
the pilgrimage to Mecca. Mirza was probably his name, and Tabresi
indicates that he was a native of Tabriz in Persia.

" -Mocha.

F 2

68 THE VOYAGE OE

for that Mr. Cocks^ douted of mistake in tayle- of the
Companyes, by order from me caused them to be marked
with the Companyes marke, and put into hould amongest
the rest, houlding it most fitting for the Companye, albeit
weare an ouerplus, which he, tell this present, was doutfull
of, being much misvsed by some of the sharers heareof at
Bantam for speaking to haue them put into the bill of
lading. Allowance Sack and Biskett, I meale beefe,
I meale oatmeale.

The 28th [April] We labored to gett in wood and vvater.
I sent the skiff to sound about the shoale, and found 10
and 12 fatham at the N.er point neare to it. This daye
and all night verye much rayne. Allowance Sack and
Biskett, I meale Beefe, i meale oatmeale.

The 29'h [April] we made an ende of watring, hauing
taken in 36 Tonnes, and good store of Wood in readynes
to com aboard. Merideth the fouler sent aboard 2 fesants
and 2 wood pidgions, but broke me 2 fouling peeces, which
weare much more worth then all the foule he had taken.
Allowance Sack and Biskett, i meale Beefe, i meale
oatmeale with honye.

The 30'h [April] was imployed in getting aboard wood,
whereof we haue great store and as good as our billetts in

^ Cocks, in a letter from Hirado, says that by an oversight, as he
calls it, 120 sows of lead were transhipped into a Surat junk at Mocha,
and these two bales of Indigo, belonging to a Persian named Hagi
Messia Beag, put on board the Hector. Cocks was shown them by
Dodsworth, the purser of that vessel, in the presence of Edmond
Camden ; but later on they angrily denied all knowledge. Nothing
more was said till the present occasion, when Eaton told Cocks that
the two bales had been shared between Towerson, Captain of the
Hector, Camden, and Dodsworth. Cocks adds that the Hadji, when he
found that he could not recover his property (the Hector having sailed
from Mocha before he claimed it), offered to make him a present of
them, but on the advice of Saris he declined to receive the gift. One
can conceive his annoyance at learning how useless his self-denial had
been {^Letters Received by the East India Company, vol. i, p. 317).

- Count.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 69

England, and cleaues with great ease. Allowance Sack
and Biskett, 2 meales Rice with honye.

May 1613. The primo I sent my Skiff to sound to the
wester point into the baye, finding verye deepe water, and
landing, the ruins of howses and som brasse pannes. So
that I think this place hath bcene latelye inhabyted, but
by the warrs ruinated. The wynd at W. by N. and
W.N.W. Allowance Sack and biskett, i meale beefe,
I meale oatmeale with honye.

The 2 [May]. I gauc leaue to as manye as would to
goe ashoare, hauing done watring and wooding. Allow-
ance Biskett breckfast, 2 meales beefe.

The 3 [May]. There hapned nothing to be noted.
Allowance Sack and Biskett, i meale Beefe, i meale
wheate.

The 4th [May] our Boate ashoare for som more wood.
James Miles quarter master with the falle of a Tree had
his head verye dangerouslye wounded, and was brought
aboard. Allowance Sack and biskett, i meale beefe, i
meale wheate.

The 5^'^ [May] we tooke in a boates lading of Wood
more, hauing at least 20 Tonnes at present, which will
stand vs in good steade at Japan, as I haue heard being
verye deare. But by misfortune John Merydeth, the
fouler, cutting downe a coker tree for the fruite, the tree in
the fall beate out his Braynes. God grant it be the ende
of all our sorrowes. The wxnd var}'able with much Raine.
Allowance Sack and Biskett, i meale beefe, i meale
wheate.

The 6"i [May] nothing worth noting. Calme and Raine.
Allowance Sack and Biskett, i meale beefe, i meale
\yheate.

The 7^'i [May] nothing of Emportance. Calme and
Raine. Allowance Sack and Biskett, 2 meales Rice with
Cokers.

70 THE VOYAGE OF

The S^'i [May] nothing passed. Cahiie and Rayne.
Allowance Bisket and Sack, i meale beefe, i meale
wheate.

The 9* [May] Calmes but drye. Allowance Biskett
breckfast, 2 meales Beefe.

The iQth [May] Readye to sett saile. I lett the
Companye goe ashoare, as they desired to gett what
refreshing they could, and for water to fill our empty
caske. Calme. Allowance Sack and biskett, i meale
beefe, i meale oatmeale with honye.

The ii^h [May] In the morning we sett saile, the wynd
at S. but presently Calme. Came to ankor againe. Allow-
ance Sack and biskett, i meale with 2 quartes wheate a
messe, i meale oatmeale with honye.

The I2'^i [May] we set saile from This Hand Doy, being
the N.E. most Hand of Batta China in the Molocos, Latty-
tude 2^ 35m, varyatyon 5^^ 20"^ E.ly, hauing Remaned
heare 19 dayes. And haue at present 71 persons bound by
God's assistance for Japan. And at noone was 14 leagues
N. by E. of the place wheare we anckored, hauing steered
out of the baye N.W. by N., then N., the wynd at W.,
W.N.W. and W.S.W. and at present at W., verye much
Raine and the moone 3 dayes ould. Allowance Sack and
biskett, I meale Beefe, i meale oatmeale with honye.

The 13^1^ [May] the shipps waye to nowne N. by E.
22 leagues, we steered N. wynd at W., varyatyon 5^ 30'"
E.ly, with a strong Currant setting to the E.ward ; then
the wynd shifted to the VV. by S., W.N.W., E., then a gaile
at W. by S. and W.S.W. Allowance Sack and biskett,
I meale with 2 quarts wheat a messe, i meale oatmeale
with honye.

The I4t'i [May] Lattitude 5^' 26"\ waye N. by E.
26 leagues, wynd at W. and Currant as afforesaid ; cleere
weather. Allowance Sack and Biskett, 2 meales Rice with
honye.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. y\

The 15'!' [Ma)-] Lattitudc 5^' 56'", wayc N.N.E. 14
leagues, currant as formerly. Allowance Sack and biskett,
I meale beefe, i meale oatmeale with honye.

The i6''i [May] Lattitude 7<' lO'", waye N. somwhat E.ly
27 leagues, wynd at S.W. and W., subiect to rayne.
Allowance Sack and Biskett, i meale Beefe and wheate,
I meale wheate.

The i/t'i [May] Lattitude 8^ 22"', waye N. 24 leagues,
wynd at S.W. but in the morning at E. with Raine. Allow-
ance Rack and Biskett, i meale beefe, i meale wheate with
oyle the \ of a pint a messe.

The 18"' [May] Lattitude 9^' 07"\ waye N.E.ly 15 leagues,
wynd at E. and E.N.E., verye cleare weather. Allowance
Rack and Biskett, i meale beefe, i meale wheate with
oyle.

The iQt'i [May] Lattitude g'^ 41'", waye N. 11?. leagues,
wynd at E. and E.N.E. .A.llowance Rack and Biskett,
I meale beefe, i meale wheate with oyle.

The 20''i [May] Lattitude 10'' 40"\ waye N. h point
W.ly 20 leagues, wynd at E. and N.E., with helpe of a
Currant N.ly. Allowance Rack and Biskett, i meale
beefe, t meale wheate with oyle.

The 2itii [May] Lattitude ii^ 36^, waye N.N.W. 20
leagues, wynd at N.E., E., N.N.E. and N.E. by E. ; star-
board tack aboard. Allowance Biskett and Rack, 2 meales
Rice with oyle.

The 22th [May] Lattitude 12^^ 39^, waye N.N.W. 23
leagues, wynd E.N.E., N.E. by E. and N.E. Allowance
Rack and biskett, i meale beefe, i meale wheate with oyle.

The 231'! [May] Lattitude 12^1 57'", waye N. by W. 6|
leagues, wynd S.E., calme. Allowance Rack and Biskett,
I meale beefe with wheate, i meale porke with wheate.

The 24th [May] Lattitude \y^ 42"', waye N. 15 leagues,
wynd S. by E., verye smothe water. Allowance Rack
and Biskett, i meale beefe, i meale oatmeale and o}'lc.

72 THE VOYAGE OF

The 25th [May] Lattitude 15^1 I2"\ waye N. 30 leagues,
wynd at S. We steered N. westerly. NOTE thatt we
finde these fauorable wyndes in the full of the moone.
Allowance Rack and Biskett, i meale pork and wheate,
I meale oatmeale with oyle.

The 26th [May] Lattitude 17^ o6"\ waye N. 38 leagues,
wynd S. by W., S. and S.S.W., a continuall stiff gaile and
smooth water. Allowance Rack and Biskett, i meale
Beefe, i meale oatmeale with oyle.

The 27''^ [May] waye N.E. 24 leagues, wynd at W.N.W.
and W. with Raine, Thunder and lightning. I gaue the
steward order to giue the Companye i meale beefe, i porke
with a quart wheate per meale and 2| lb. (?) bread and
Rice one daye in the weeke. Allowance Rack and Biskett,
I meale porke with wheate, i meale oatmeale with oyle.

The 28th [May] waye N. 9 leagues, wynd W. and
W.N.W. Allowance Rack and Biskett, 2 meales Rice with
oyle.

The 29* [May] Lattitude 19^ 151"^ waye N. 9 leagues,
wynd N.E., E., W., W.N.W. and S., subiect to calmes and
gustes. Allowance Rack and Biskett, i meale beefe,
I meale oatmeale with oyle.

The 30th [May] Lattitude 20^1 I2"\ waye N. 20 leagues,
wynd at S.E. and E.S.E. Allowance Rack and biskett,
I meale porke with wheate, i meale Beefe.

The 31th [May] Lattitude 21^ 351H, waye N. by W.
30 leagues, wynd at E. and E. by N., varyatyon 6^^ oo'"
E.ly. Allowance Rack and Biskett, i meale beefe, i meale
wheate with oyle.

June 161 3. The primo we passed the Tropeck to the
N.ward of the lyne Equinoctyall, the Sun our zeneth I
could not obserue. Waye N. 40 leagues, wynd at S.E. and
S.E. by E., varyatyon 5^ 25'" E.ly. Allowance Rack and
Biskett, I meale porke with wheate, i meale wheate with
oyle.

CAPTAIN JOHX SARIS TO JAPAN. 73

The 2 [June] Lattitudc 25'' 44"', vvayc norc^ 42 leac:jues,
wynd at S.E. and S.E. by S., making account to haue scene
the Hands called Resmagos- about 8 of the clock in the
morning, but as yett see none. Allowance Rack and
Biskett, I meale Beefe, i meale wheate with oyle.

About 4 in the afternoon we made the land, bcinga verye
lowe Hand bering N.W. about 3 leagues of, wynd at S.E.
by E., and hauing it N.N.E., we had sight of the hie land
Guer the lowe land, there being manye little Hands to the
number of 10 or 11, with broken Ground and breaches
reaching ouer to each Hand, so that we could desernc no
passage to the westward. At night we tack of, took
in our top-sales, and lay close by in our Courses^ all night,
wynd verye much at S.S.E. ; we stemed* E. The Hands
lye alongest N.E. and S.VV. Heare we spent our Top-
gallant mast.

The 3"^ [June] in the morning, breake of daye, we stoodc
in for the land, being an hie Hand bering N.W., which
seemed to vs a most plesent and fruitefull land as anye we
haue scene sence we came out of England, with great store
of Cattell and well peopled. I purposed to have Anckored
about the N.E. point, and sounding had 60 Fatham and
had sight of 2 Boates comming to vs. And vsed all meanes
we could to speke with them, desirous of a pilatt and to
knowe the name of the Hand, the better to be assured
wheare we weare. But the wynd was so forsable, as we
could not gett in, wherefore stoode awaye N.W., and had
sight of an Hand bering W.N. W. We steered with it. And
from thence had sight of an Hand, bering N.E. I point
E.ly, some 7 or 8 leagues, and Comming vnder the wester-

* Nor' for north.

- Called in Linschoten's map Dos Res Magos, the southerly portion
of the Loochoo group, called IMiyako Shima, often wrongly printed
Majico Shima. The latitude yivcn is too far noitli, this group lying
between 24" and 25" N. lat.

^ The lower square sails. ' Headed.

74 THE VOYAGE OF

most Hand we deserned Rocks that laye of the shoare
aboue 2 myle, the one aboue water and the N.ermost vnder
water. And is a great waye without the other, and the
sea breakes vpone it. Then the land fauleth awaye to the
S.wardes rounde, And neare to the pointe you shall open
a steepe Rock that is vpone the west side of the Hand,
and is verye like Cherin cross.^ Then we steered N.W.
with an extreame gaile at S. by W. and S.SAV. When
we had openned the Hand, and a Currant setting to the
S.ward, at 4 a clock we tooke in our Topsailes, and haled
close vpone a tack ; verye much wynd, the Hand being
about 7 leagues N.W. of me. Waye to noone, N. I point
E.ly, 16 leagues. Allowance Biskctt and Rackapee of my
owne, I meale porke with wheate, i meale wheate and oyle.

The 4*'! [June] in the morning verye much wynde at
S.S.W. Avith Raine, waye NAV. of all night 6 leagues. xAt
7 we bore vp, and steered awaye our course N., and at
10 the weather verye forsable, we tooke in all our sailes
and huld,- hauing made since we bore vp a N. by W. waye
9 leagues. And about nowne it broke vp. Waye to this
present N.N.W. f W.ly 20 leagues. At 3 in the afternoone
we sett our Courses, the wynd at N.W. and N.W. by N.
We steered N.E. som 2 howres, then calme and continuall
Rayne ; variation at Sun setting 4"^' 40"^ E.ly ; all night
calme. Allowance Biskett and Rackapee, 2 meales Rice
with oyle. James Miles dyed.^

The 5'h [June] waye W. by N. 4J leagues, wynd at
N.N.E. We steered N.W. starboard tackt, varyatyon
4^ 42'". Allowance Rackapee and Biskett, i meale beefe,
I meale Rice with oyle.

The 6th [June] waye N.N.W. 9 leagues, wynd at E.N.E.,
N.E. by N. and N.E. by E. ; little wynd and much Raine,
varyatyon 4«i 19'" E.ly. At night the wynd at E. and E.S.E.

1 Charing Cross. ^ " Hulled," or lay to. ^ See p. 69.

CAPTAIN JOHN SAKIS TO [Al'AN. 75

Allowance Rackapce and Biskett, i mcale porkc with
wheatc, i inealc Bcefc.

The 7th [June] waye N.K. by N. 16 leagues, wynd at S.E.
and S.S.W. Then we steered awaye N.E. by N., supposing
to be of Tonan 28 or 30 leagues. Allowance Rackapee
and Biskett, i meale porke with wheate, i meale oatmeale
with oyle.

The 8"i [June] in the morning, breke of daye, we had
sight of a hie Rounde Hand bcryng E. 6 leagues of, with
diuers other Hands rising in 6 or 7 parts, bering W. 5 or 6
leagues of Hauing made to this nowne 22 leagues X.E.
by N. waye, wynd at S.S.W. a stiff gaile, then we hald
ouer N.W. with another Hand, which we found to be 4 in
number, being barren and manye peked Rocks. Then we
steered X. by E., the wynd at S. by W.

A Complant this daye was made vnto me by 15 of the
Companye against Boules, quarter master, That he had
borowed of them at severall times sence our comming out
of the Red sea 22/. \6s., promising them pament daylye,
but the}- could gett nothing of him. I questioned with the
said Boules wherefore he paid them not, and what he had
done with there monyes. W'hoe most audasiously said he
had lost it at dice in the shipp, and could not pay them
tell he had it. But finding that he feared not punishment,
knowing that it^ is forbidden, and some punished for
vsing thereof, Gaue order to the purser to strike of such
dets as was owing by his Creditors in the booke to him,
And willed him to take order with the rest, otherwayes they
should hauc it out of his wages, hauing meerely cheated
manye of them, lending them there owne monye too or
3 dayes after, and causing them to becom debitors to him
in the pursers booke, 2 for one, which makes his parcell
therein to seeme as if he had great Credit, and is indeted

^ " Diceinge and other unlawfull games" were strictly forbidden by
the Company.

-J^ THE VOYAGE OF

much more then the some afforesaid, besides all he hath
earned to this present, but as he hath for manye yeares
beene brought vp in the Spanish Gallyes, and is expert in
all dishonnest accions, so hath he beene all this voyage an
intiscr of manye to disobedyence, Telling the purser he
scornd to eate the shipps victualls, so long as he could gett
monye, he cared not by what meanes, to procure other,
weare it at hie rate ; and in the knoledge of the Master and
most of the Companye would giue 3^'. a peece for hennes
to haue his choise in the Mollocos, when the purser for
the shipps vse bought for 18^. But I assure my selfe that
coming wheare the Portingale is, that he and one Evens
his fellowe Gallye slaue, except great care taken of them,
will Run awaye, The most of the better sort telling me as
much, and are as careful! of them as they can, and to keepe
them out of the Gunner roome from doing anye mischeefe
there. And hearein I find the Master carefull.

About 3 a clock we had sight of an Hand with 3 hills
like 3 round sugar loues, bering E. by S. 5 leagues of We
steered N. by E., wynd at S. by W, And at 5 had sight
of an Hand rising in 2 parts, bering N.N.E., the N.er ende
being an hie steepe vppright pointe, the land fauling
awaye to the E.ward N.E. and at 6 the bodye of it bare E.
\\ leagues of The wynd at W., we stoode of vpone a
tack N.N.W. /Allowance Rackapee and Biskett, i meale
beefe, i meale oatmeale, and boath meales Rackapee.

The 9^1^ [June] in the morning we had sight of land
bering N.N.E. and 6 great Hands one a ranke from the
Hand we descried yesternight N.E. and S.W. ; and at the
N.ermost ende of them all manye smalle Rocks and
homocks, and you shall see in the baye to the E.ward of
the homocks a hie land bering E., E. by S. and E.S.E.,
which is the Hand called Xima^ in the platts, but by the

1 Saris would seem to have first hit off Udsi sima (Uji Shima) or
Roche Poncie, then to have coasted along the Koshiki islands and

CAi'TAIN JOHN SAKIS TO JAPAN. -J"]

naturalls Mashma. and the Hand afforcsaid N.N.E. is
called Segue or Amaxay.^ It lycth E. by N. and VV. by
S., with manye smalle Hands and Rocks one the S.erne
side of them, and is distant from the Hand with the steepe
pointe, which we did see the 8 daye, S.S.W. 12 leagues.
The wynd calmc all night, yet we gott to the N.ward, as
we suppose by hclpe of a Currant or tyde. Allowance

Amakusa, crossing the mouth of the Straits of Arima. There he
picked up a pilot, ahered his course, and, leaving' Nagasaki on his
starhoaid side, got safely into the roads at Kochi, whence he was
towed into harbour at Hirado.

What is the island which he descried in the bay to the eastward of
the hummocks lying north of the Koshiki group (his six great islands
on a rank N.E. and S.W. from the island he descried the night
before) ? He describes it as a " hie land bering E., E. by S. and
E.S.E." The maps show no such island, but the hilly country
belonging to the province of Satsuma, which has peaks as much as
2000 ft. high, may have seemed to him an island as he sailed along at
a distance of from twenty-five to thirty miles from the coast.

If it was the hilly country of Satsuma that Saris saw, then the
conclusion would be that Xima stands for Ximo, the name by which
the whole island of Kiushiu is constantly spoken of in the missionary
reports of that period. If that be so, then perhaps Mashma is for
Xashma, or Satsuma.

Von Siebold, in his Rcise nacJi Japan im JaJire iSsj, p. 2i7i says
that the Dutch navigators applied the name Maxima, and sometimes
Meaxuma, to a group of four small islands (in E. long. 128° 28', N. lat.
32° 3'), of which the most northerly is properly called Takashima, the
most southerly Kusakaki, and the remaining two, which are smaller,
Oshima and Meshima. Mashima (Mashma) he considers to be a
corruption of the last. Oshima and Meshima, he adds, are known to
English seamen as " The Ass's Ears." lAW^choicn {Kcys-G/iesckri/t
van dc Xavigaticn der Portugaloyscrs^ Amsterdam, 1595, p. 83) says
that the island of Puloma \i.c., Mashima] or Meaxuma lies N.N.E.
and S.S.W. of the Goto Islands, ten to twelve leagues off, which
agrees with the Ass's Ears. Krusenstern, according to Siebold,
identified the Koshiki group with Meshima or Mashma.

Xima is the Portuguese spelling oi s/iiina, island.

In Linschoten's map Xima and Aleaxumaare placed N. of "Copcqui,"
which last looks like a corruption of Koshiki, the group of large
islands due N. of Takashima. But the mention of Mashma further
on seems to indicate that it was an important trading centre.

1 Amakusa is the name of a group consisting of two large islands
separated by a narrow strait and some small ones. The easternmost
of the two large islands is called Kami shima, the other Shimo shima.
The latter was, it would seem, called Xicjui in the " Cartas que os
Padres," etc. (Evora, 1598), from a town named Shiki, near the point
on its N.W. coast.

78 THE VOYAGE OF

Rackapee and Biskett, i nieale porke with wheate, i meale
oatmeale and oyle and sack sopper.

The lO^'i [June] in the morning, breake of daye, the
outwardmost land to the W.ward did beare X. by E. lO
leagues of; wynd at N.E. by N. At 9 a gaile at S. We
steered X. by \V. and had sight of 2 hommacks without the
pointe. Then we steered N.X.W., and soone after came
4 Create fisher boates aboard, whoe tould vs that we weare
thwart the going in to Xangasaque, it bering X.X.E. and
the strates of Arema^ X.E. b)- X. ; and the hie hill we did
see yesterda)-e is vpone the Hand called Vszideke,- which
maketh the Strates of Arema ; wheare at the X^.ermost
end is good riding and at the S. ende is the going into
Cochinoch.^ To this nowne we haue made a X. waye
6 leagues. I gaue order to the Master and purser to agree
with two of the masters of the fisher boates to pilate vs
into Ferando,* whoe concluded for 30 Rials and Rice for
there dyatt ; and after there people entred the shipp and
labored verye willinglye at all work our people weare about.
We steered X. by W., the pilatts making accompt to be
30 leagues^ of Ferando. One of the 4 Boates which came
aboard me was belonging to the Portingales at Langasaque,''
and weare new Christians. Thinking we had beene the
Mackeaue"^ shipp, but finding the Contrarye, would vpone
no intreatye staye, but made haste to aduise them. Allow-

^ Straits of Arima, between Shimo Shima and the peninsula of
Shimabara.

- Usezaki, the N.W. point of Shimo Shima, on a peninsula wliich
might easily be mistaken for an island.

^ Kuchinotsu, a port on the S.E. of the peninsula of Shimabara.

■* Hirado. In W. Japan, H before / is pronounced /% and ;/ is in-
serted before d.

^ The point where they picked up the Japanese fishermen is about
45 nautical miles S. of Hirado.

^ The same as Nagasaki, of which it seems to be a Chinese corrup-
tion, similar to Liampo, which is found in the early navigators for
Ningpo. '' Macao.

(JAtTAIN JOHN SAKIS TO jAl'AX. 79

ance Sack and I^isl<ctt, i mcalc Bccfc, i mcalc oatmcalc
with o}'le.

The II''' [June] about 3 a clock in the aftcrnowne we
came to Anckor J, a league short of Ferando, the T)'dc
spent that we could not get further in. I caused i peecc
ordnance to be shott of at Anckoring, it being the custome,
as I am informed by the natural Is, so to doe. And soone
after I was vizited by the ould king called Foine Same^
and his nephew Tone Same,- at present Gouernor of the
Hand vnder the ould man afforesaid his Graundfather.

[They were attended with fortie Boats or Gallyes, rowed
some with ten, some with fifteene oares on a side : when
they drew neare to the ship, the King commanded all, but
the two wherein himselfe and his Nephew were, to fall a
Sterne, and they only entred the ship, both of them in silke
govvnes, girt to them with a shirt, and a paire of breeches
of flaxen cloath ne.xt their bodies ; either of them had
two Cattans^ or swords of that Countrey by his side,
the one of halfe a yard long, the other about a quarter.
They wore no bands, the fore- parts of their heads were

1 H6-in was a monkish title borne by Matsura Shigenobu, the daimio
or baron of Hirado and Iki. He succeeded his father in 1584, and
took orders as a Buddhist monk in 1589. It was a common practice
for Emperors, Shoguns and daimios to shave their heads and become
nominal monks, retiring ostensibly from public life, thus avoiding the
irksome ceremonial which belonged to their rank, while continuing
in many, if not most cases, to exercise the same authority as before.
This is the institution known as in-kio (living-hidden) to students of
Japanese history and sociology. Sometimes in-kio was imposed as a
penalty for political opposition to the government. Ho-in, even after
shaving his head, held a command in the army which invaded Corea
under the leadership of Konishi Yukinaga, and served actively for
seven years (from 1592 to 1598). He died in 1614, at the age of 65.
His son, Hisanobu, having predeceased him in 1602, he was succeeded
by his grandson Takanobu, mentioned in Saris's journal as the
young king. The names of his brothers were Nobusada and Sanai
Nobutoki.

-' "Nephew," old English for "grandson."' Tone .Same is a cor-
ruption of Tono -Sama, which is not a personal name, but is equivalent
to " His Lordship.''

■^ Japanese K<il<mii^ ihe ordinary Ion;; ^word of the country.

§0 THE VOYAGE OF

shauen to the crowne, and the rest of their haire, which
was very long, was gathered together and bound vp on a
knot behind, wearing neither Hat nor Turbant, but bare-
headed. The King was aged about seuentie two yeeres,
his Nephew or Grand-child, that gouerned vnder him, was
about two and tvventie yeeres old, and either of them had
his Gouernour with him, who had command ouer their
slaues, as they appointed him. Their manner and curtesie
in saluting was after their manner, which is this. F"irst,
in presence of him whom they are to salute, they put off
their shooes (stockings they weare none) and then clapping
their right hand within their left, they put them downe
towards their knees, and so wagging or mouing of their
hands a little to and fro, they stooping, steppe with small
steps sideling from the partie saluted, and crie Augh,
Augh. I led them into my Cabbin, where I had prepared
a Banquet for them, and a good consort of Musicke, which
much delighted them].

They bad me welcome, with promise of kinde and free
intertanement. I deliuered him the Kings Majestys letter,
which he Receaued with great Joye, saing he would not
open it tell Ange^ came, whoe could interpret it vnto him,
which Ange in there langage is pilott, and ment Mr.
Addams, whoe is heare so called, for that he came pilatt
of a Fleming into this Counterye, which shipp after was
hear ruinated.' I intertaned his maiestie with a banquet
of severall sorts Conserues furnished all in Glasse, which
gaue him great Content, and had a consort of good musick,
wheare in he tooke great pleasure. And at his departure

^ The Japanese word An-jiii, " considerer of the needle."

'■^ In lieu of this Purchas has : " bein^^ one William Adams, an
English man, who passing with a Flemming through the .South-sea,
by mutiny and disorder of the Marriners he remained in that
Countrey, and was seised vpon l)y the Emperour about twelue
yeares before."

Matsura Ho-in. ex-Daimio of Hirado.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 8 1

gauc him 13 peeces ordnance, and 5 at the Gouernors
Brothers departure.

[He was no sooner ashoare, but all his nobilitie, attended
with a multitude of souldiers, entred the ship. Euery man
of worth brought his present with him, some Venison, some
Wildc-fowle, some wiide Boarc, the largest and fattest that
euer any of vs had seene, some Fruits, Fish, etc. They did
much admire our .shippe, and made as if they had neuer
seene it sufficiently. We being pestered with the number
of these visiters, I sent to the King, requesting him that
order might bee taken to remoue them, and to preuent all
inconueniences that might happen. Whereupon hee sent
a Guardian (being a principall man of his owne Guard),
with charge to remainc and lye aboord, that no iniury
might be offered vnto vs ; and caused a proclamation to be
made in the Towne to the same effect.]

And presently after came one Brower,^ Captain of the
Dutch factorye heare ashoare, to vizite me, or rather to see
what past betweene the King and vs. I used him kindly,
and intreated him to Supper, and at departure gaue him
5 peeces ordnance. The King sent to [two] men of
accoumpt to lye aboard, that no iniurye weare offered vs,
whoe I caused to be well accommodated. I writt to Mr.
Addams at Edoe, which by King Foine was with all
speede sent away vnto him, the Coppye wheare of is
extant.'- Allowance Sack and biskett, 2 meales Rice with
oyle.

' Henrik Brouwer, who had succeeded Jacques .Specx as head of
the Dutch factory at Hirado in 16 13.

2 Purchas's version is as follows : " The same night, Henrick
Brower, Captaine of the Dutch P^actory there, came aboord to visite
me, or rather to see what passed betwixt the King and vs. I did
write the same day to Master Adams (being then at Edoo, which is
very neare three hundred leagues from P'irando) to let him vnderstand
of our arriuall. King Foyn sent it away the next day by his .Admirall
to Osackay, the first Port of note vpon the chiefe Hand, and then by
post vp into the Land to Edoo : giuing the Emperour likewise to
vnderstand of our being there, and cause thereof."

82 THE VOYAGE OF

The 1 2th [June] in the morning was brought aboard
such aboundance of fish and so cheapc as we would desire.
We wayed and sett saile for the roade. The King sent
out at the least 6o Great boates verye well mand to bring
us into the harbor. They towed vs about a pointe
somwhat dangerous, by reason of the force of the Tyde,
but would not suffer me to giue them anything for there
panes.^ We anckored before the towne in 5 Fatham water,
so neare the shoare as we could talke to them ashoare in the
howses. I gaue order to salute the Towne with 9 peeces
ordnance, but was not answered, for they haue no ordnance
heare of there owne, nor anye forte, but barrocados- for
smale shott. Our ground heare is oaze.

Diuers nobellmen came to bid me wellcom, wheare of
2 weare of great accounte, as Martson at Batchan had
formerly advized me of there names, viz. Nobasane^ and
Simadone,* whoe weare well intreated, and at parting had
16 peeces ordnance, houlding great state, one staing a
while after the other, and there Childeren and Cheife

^ " I doubted what the cause of their comming might be, & was
sending ofif the Skiffe to command them not to come neare the ship,
but the King, being the head-most, weaued with his handkercher, and
willed the rest to attend, and himselfe comming aboord,told me that he
had commanded them to come to tow our ship in about a point, some-
what dangerous by reason of the force of the tide, which was such,
that hauing a stiffe gale of wind, yet we could not stemme it, and
comming into the eddie, we should haue been set vpon the Rockes. So
we sent Hawsers aboord them, and they fell to worke. In the meane
while the King did breake his fast with me. Being at an anchor, I
would haue requited the people for their paines, but the King would
not suffer them to take any thing " (Purchas).

- From the Spanish ' barricada,' a fortification made of barrels
{barricas) or trunks of trees, etc. (?). On board of a ship " a strong
wooden rail, supported by stanchions, and extending, as a fence, across
the foremost part of the quarter-deck " (Falconer's Did. Marwe,
quoted in New English Dictionary).

2 Nobusane, a younger brother of the ' old King,' and therefore
great-uncle of the reigning daimio. Cocks often calls him Bungo
dono, his full title being Bungo no Kami.

■* Probably Sagawa Shume is meant, done being a corruption of
dono, or Master. He was aged 33 at this time, and held high office
under the Matsura family.

CAl'TAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 83

followers after them. There came contynuallye such a
worlde of people aboard, boath men and women, as wc
weare not able to goe vpone the decks, and all about the
shipp was couered with boates full of people, admiring
much our head and starne. And giving leaue to diuers of
the better sort of women to com into my Cabbin, where
the picture of Venus hung, verye lasiuiously sett out, and
in a great frame, they fell downe and worshiped it for our
ladye with showcs of great devotyon [telling me in a
whispering manner (that some of their owne companions,
which w^ere not so, might not heare) that they were
Christianos], whereby we perceaued them to be of the
portingale-made papestes. Diuers eatable presents weare
sent me by the king and his nobilyty, Tubbes of the
Counterye wyne, fish, hoggs, pigges and such like, which in
requitall to them which brought it, was by order giuen 3
peeces course Baftas.

Mr. Addams his hoste came and brought me a letter,
which he had lefte with him the last monsone when he
was heare, to deliuer from him to the first English shipp
ariuing heare, so that from Bantam or pottanye^ he had
vnderstoode of a shipp to com, ordering a post to be sent
for him ouerland, which I did, notwithstanding I had
formerly writt, which was by the King's means sent awaye
with speede. Giuen To Mr. Addames host, viz. i pees
Chauter at 22 rials per Gorge, i pees Serebaffe^ of 20 rials
per corge, i pees Bafta of 16 rials per Gorge. Giuen more
to 7 of the Kinges women which came aboard with him
3 peases Bafta of 20 rials per Gorge, 2 peases Bafta of 16
rials per Corge, i pees Bafta of 17, and i pees chauder at
8 rials per Corge.

[The King came aboord againe, and brought foure chiefe
women with him. They were attired in gowncs of silke,
clapt the one sort ouer the other, and so girt to them, bare-

' I'aUuii. -' Perhaps zerbaft. gold-brocade (\'iile and Ijurnell).

G 2

-84 THE VOYAGE OF

legged, only a paire of halfe buskins bound with silke
riband about their instep : their haire very blacke, and
very long, tyed vp in a knot vpon the crowne in a comely
manner : their heads no where shauen as the mens were.
They were well faced, handed, and footed ; clcare skind
and white, but wanting colour, which they amend by arte.
Of stature low, but very fat ; very curteous in behauiour,
not ignorant of the respect to be giuen vnto persons
according to their fashion. The King requested that none
might stay in the Cabbin, saue my selfe and my Linquist,
who was borne in lapan, and was brought from Bantam in
our ship thither, being well skild in the Mallayan tongue,
wherin he deliured to me what the King spoke vnto him
in the lapan language. The Kings women seemed to be
somewhat bashfull, but he willed them to bee frollicke.
They sung diuers songs and played vpon certain Instruments
(whereof one did much resemble our Lute) being bellyed
like it, but longer in the neck, and fretted like ours, but had
only foure gut-strings. Their fingring with the left hand
like ours, very nimbly : but the right hand striketh with
an luory bone, as we vse to play vpon a Citterne with a
quill. They delighted themselues much with their musicke,
keeping time with their hands, and playing and singing
by booke, prickt on line and space, resembling much ours
heere. I feasted them, and presented them with diuers
English commodities : and after some two houres stay
they returned].

I Spake vnto the King to haue a convenyent howse
ashoare, which he willingly granted. And tooke Mr.
Cocks and Mr. Peacock ashoare with him, to whome he
showed 3 or 4 howses, willing them to take there choise,
paing the owners as we could agree. They retorned
aboard, hauing taken the one, but not fully agreed vpone
price. Paid to the Pilatts which brought vs to an ankor
heare 30 rials.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO [Al'AN. S5

Note That my hole Companye heare is 70 persons,
viz. 6^ Eni:^lish, 1 Jajian, i Spannyard and 5 swartcs,
hauing lost 11 betwcne Ivintam and this portc of Fcrando
in Japan. God contyncw the Hues of the rest. Allowance
Sack and Biskett, i mcalc porkc with whcatc, i nicale
oatmeale with o)-le.

The 13''' [Junt'J I conferred with Mr. Cocks and the
marchants conserning 2 fitting presents for the King and
Gouernor and was resolued vpone as Followcth, to be
eqiiall}'e deuided betwene them, viz.^

A a stanimet- c°, No. 61, cost - - rials 0156 . i

2 a Black c°, No. 116, cost- - , - rials 053 . 3

2 a Flame collor c°, No. 14, cost - - rials 038 . 3

2 a Gallant' c°, No. 113, cost - - rials 043 . 3

2 Barrells of pouder, cost - - - rials 035 . 2

2 doble lockt damasked peeces - - rials 017 . 2

6 peeces Symmyan Chauters - - rials 010 . 3

10 fine white Chauters ... rials on . —

10 Blew Byrams - - - . rials 007 . 2

10 peeses white Baftas - - - rials 005 . 2

10 peeses Casiny harere* - - - rials 010 . —

04 peeses Tapsell mature - - - rials 009 . —

10 peeses Redd Sellas^ - - - rials 006 . —

04 peeses Alleiayes - - - rials 003 . i

02 Gilte plate Cupps p'*" I7f oz - - rials 030 . g

02 peeses pintados pisgars" - - rials 001 . —

Some - rials 340 . ^

^ This was the present given to eac/tj see note 3 on next page.
The units in the right-hand column appear to be quarter-dollars.
■■^ A stuff much used for petticoats, also a scarlet dye. Cp. —
" He rages like a bull in Circian .Shew ;
Whose dreadful homes the stammell. which provokes
His furie. tosse with still deluded strokes.''

(1626. W. Sandys, Translatiofi of Ovid's Me tmnorphoses).
2 This word occurs in a list of cloths in the First Letter-Book of the
East India Company, p. 97 : " Flame Coullours, alias Gallauntes."
^ See note on p. 42.

■' A cotton stuff. See s.v., S/ialee, Yule and Burnell.
^ For poiz, weight. In Cocks's Z>/ary we find po, piz, and poiz used
indifferently.

' Pintado, a painted or spotted cloth, i.e.., chintz.

86 THE VOYAGE OF

I went ashoare and deliuered these presents accompaned
with the marchants, the master and best of the salors, and
had 9 pees shott at the deliuerye of each present, being the
fashion so to doe, as the Flemings informe me, other wayes
they thinke it not giuen with a free heart. I allso gaue to
the younge King or Governor my Kittasall,^ which he toke
a h'king to, being verye faire, of white dammaske with a
deepe silke and gould fringe ; not at present, but after my
retorne aboard sent it vnto him, which he most kindlye
accepted, requiting me with a millyan of Complyment,
wherein they are very perfect by Portugales and Spanny-
ards instructyons. I sent to the Captain of the Duch
howse a Runlett of Spannish wyne and a Tearse"- of stronge
beare.^

Allowance Sack and Biskett, i meale beefe, i meale
porke.

The 14th [June], vnderstanding that there weare other
great men whoe expected presents, Conferred with the
marchants, and appoynted as followeth for the younge

1 See note on p. 39.

2 A vessel holding the third part of a pipe.

^ " The thirteenth, I went ashoare, attended vpon by the Merchants
and Principall Officers, and deliured the Presents to the King,
amounting to the value of one hundred and fortie pounds, or there-
abouts, which he receiued with very great kindnesse, feasting me and
my whole companie with diuers sorts of powdered wild fowles and
fruits : and calling for a standing Cup (which was one of the Presents
then deliuered him) he caused it to be filled with his Countrey wine,
which is distilled out of rice, and is as strong as our Aquauitie : and
albeit the Cuppe held vpward of a pint and a halfe. notwithstanding
taking the Cup in his hand, he told me hee would drinke it all off, for
a health to the King of England, and so did, myselfe and all his
Nobles doing the like. And whereas in the roome Mhere the King
was, there was onely my selfeand the Cape Merchant (the rest of our
Company being in another roome) the King commanded his Secretarie
to goe out vnto them, and see that euerie one of them did pledge
the health. The King and his Nobles did sit at meat crosse-
legged vpon Mats, after the Turkic fashion, the Mats richly edged,
some with cloath of Gold, some with Veluet, Satten, and Damaske''
(Purchas).

rials 056 .

rials 043 .

rials 007 .

rials 006 .

—

rials 009 .

—

rials 009 .

—

rials 006 .

rials 001 .

rials 002 .

rials OGO .

rials 01 5 .

—

rials 002 .

—

rials 160 ,

. 0

CAPTAIN JOHN SAKIS TO JAPAN S7

Kinc^s Brother and Nobasanic,^ to be parted eqiiall)- bc-
twene them :

A stammct c",* cost (No. 61)
i a Gallant c°, cost (No. 113)
10 pecses Blue Birams
10 Redd Sellas -
20 peeses White Baftas -
10 peeses (Jassiony harere
06 peeses fine Chanters -
04 peeses fine Burrallc

01 peese Tapsell

02 peeses pintados pisgar
or parratt bought of the Carpenter -
more 2 rials of 8 to Nobusanncs 2 sonnes

Somme

Captain Broore came aboard to dynnor ; at his departure
had 3 peeces. And so I went ashoare, accompaned with
the marchants, and at deh'uery of the said presents had 7
peeces shott of. xAnd at coming aboard a noble man
called Vnagensie^ sent me a fatt hogg and 2 Barrells of
wyne for a present. I retorned thankes, and gauc the
messenger i pees white Bafta, And ordered 2 peeces of the
same to be deliuered to John Japan to make him shirts,
being our linguist. Allowance Sack and biskett, i meale
porke with wheate, i meale wheate with oyle.

The 15"! [June] vpone advise of 5 more which expected
presents, and might greatly pleasure vs, it was resolucd as

1 Nobusane (see p. 82). - Colour.

^ The name of this officer occurs frequently in Cocks's Diary, and in
one place is given as " Nagen, or Unagense Dono" (ii, 125). Cocks
calls him "captain-general" (i, 69). In the Tokio reprint of Cocks's
Diaf-y (Index, s.v.) the editor suggests that this name is a corruption
of Naizen no .Sho. Nagen, if the ,^ were pronounced soft, might well
stand for Xaizen in Cocks's spelling. Perhaps the surname was Uno,
and the form we find here may possibly be a corruption of Uno
Naizen, the syllables no and nai being run together by a mistake.

rials 053 .

rials 030 .

rials 038 .

rials 009 .

—

rials 013 .

rials 008 .

rials 004 .

—

rials 001 .

rials 016 .

rials 012 .

rials 000 .

rials 188 .

■i

88 THE VOYAGE OF

fitting to giue emongest them these following parcells, viz.
to Vno gensie and 3 Gouernors with Simmadona :^

h a Black c°, No. 116, cost
J Stammett c°, No. 55, cost
5 a Flame c°, No. 114, cost
8 peeces Chauters
18 peeces blewe Byrams -
18 peeces white Baftas
10 peeces fine Burrall
04 pieces pintados pisgar -
18 peeces Cassyone harere
21 peeces Redd Sellas
01 peece pintado

Somme

I sent Mr. Cocks and the marchants to deliuer these
presents, and to the King a faire pare of kniues ; To
Nobasanie a bottell of Spannish wyne and a bottell of
roase water, and to Captain Brewer a pott of English
butter, all which was requited with Thankes.

Allowance Beere and Biskctt, i meale porke, i meale
Rice with oyle.

The i6tii [June] I concluded with Captain Andace,-
Captain of the China quarter heare, for his howse, to paye
95 rials of 8 for the monsone of 6 monethes, he to repare
it at present and we to repare it heare after, and alter
what we pleased, he to furnish all convenyent roomes with
matts according to the fasiiion of the Counterye.

Allowance Beere and Biskett, i meale Bcefe, i meale
wheate with oyle.

The 17th [June] it was found necessarye to giue these
following parcells to 3 officers, viz. the 2 Guardyans and
Antony the Admirall of the sea :

^ Same as Simadone (see p. 82).

■■^ Cocks usually calls him Andrea Dittis.

CAI'TAIN JOHN SAKIS TO JAPAN.

3 yeardes Stammett c°, No. 61, cost

3 yeardes Black c°, No. 169, cost -
2 blew Birams -

2 Redd Sellayes

4 white Baftas -
4 white Rangins

3 yeardes black c°, No. 169, cost

3 yeardes Gallant c°, No. 113, cost

2 peeces white Baftas

2 white Rangins

I Blew Byram - - -

I Redd Sella -

I Chint Amadaiiar'

rials 010 . —
rials 009 . f
rials 001 . 2
rials 000 . 3
rials 002 . —
rials 001 . —
rials 009 . S
rials cog . —
rials 001 . —
rials 000 . 2
rials 000 . 3
rials 000 . i
rials 000 . 2

Somme

rials 046 . ^

This da\-e our shipp was so pestered with people as I
was fainc to send to the King for a Giiardxaii to Clcarc
them out, many things being stolne, but I more doute our
one people then the naturalls, but they layd it one them,
so we cannot finde the theefe.

There came in a Fleming from the Hand Mashma,-
wheare he had beene, and sould good store of pepper,
cloath and ollyuants teeth,^ but would not be known to vs
to have sould anye thing, yet brought nothing back in the
boate with him ; but the Japans his watermen Tould vs the
truth, and that he had sould good quantytye of Goods at a
mart there which he carryed ouer with him, and rctorncd
barrs of siluer, which they kept vcrye secret. Thomas
Jones, Baker, was Taken by the Master Swxniming
ashoare in the night, yett he and others pardond at
intreatye of Frindes.

Allowance Beere and biskett, i mcale fresh porke, i
meale freshe fish with vinegar.

The iS^'i [June] I sent Mr. Cocks to lye ashoare and my

* Chintz of Ahmadabad. •^ See note on p. T].

' Elephant's teeth ; /.r., ivory.

90 THE VOYAGE OF

Carpenter to instruct and ^iue directions for the necessarye
fitting of the howse. Fransisco, a swart, whiped at the
mast for stealing of John Japans cloake out of the English
howse ashoare.

The King and his sonne came aboard to vizite me.
Giuen to his sonne a parrakeeta cost 4 rials, and at parting
7 peeces.

Allowance Beere and biskett, i meale Rice and hennes,
I meale fresh fish with vynegar.

The 19''^ [June] I went ashoare and vizited the ould and
younge Kings, and hauing giuen some direct\'ons about
our howse, vizited the Flemings, and retorned aboard.

Allowance Beere and biskett, i meale salt porke, i
meale Rice with oyle.

The 20^'^ [Ji^^ne] there passed nothing.

Allowance Beere and biskett, 2 meales fresh porke.

The 21^11 [June] the ould King came aboard and brought
with him his women to be frollyke.

[These women were Actors of Comedies, which passe
there from Hand to Hand to play, as our Players doe here
from Towne to Towne, hauing seuerall shifts of apparrell
for the better grace of the matter acted ; which for the
most part are of Warre, Loue, and such like. These
women are as the slaues of one man, who putteth a price
what euery man shall pay that hath to doe with any of
them ; more then which he is not to take vpon paine of
death, in case the partie iniured shall complaine. It is left
to his owne discretion to prize her at the first, but rise he
cannot afterwards, fall he may. Neither doth the partie
bargaine with the Wench, but with her Master, whose
command she is to obey. The greatest of their Nobilitie
trauelling, hold it no disgrace to send for these Panders to
their Inne, and do compound with them for the Wenches,
either to fill their drinke at Table (for all men of any
rankc haue their drinke filled to them by Women) or

CAPTAIN JOIJX SARIS TO JAI'AN'. 9 1

otherwise to liauc the vse of them. When any of these
Panders die, thoiiL^h in their Hfe time the}- were receiued
into Compaii}' of the best, }'et now, as vnworthy to rest
amongst the worst, they arc bridled witli a bridle made of
straw, as you would bridle an Horse, and in the cloathes
they died in, are dragged through the streetes into the
fields, and there cast vpon a dunghill, for dogges and
fowles to deuourc]

I intreated them kindlye with musicke and a bankett of
Conserues of diuers sorts, which the King tooke verye
well. Giuen to his majestic a prospectiue glass and a
wrought nightcapp of black silke and Goulde. And so he
tooke his leaue.

Allowance [b/nrik in MS.']

The 22*^' [June] one Christopher Evens, Gunners mate,
making a Common practice of going ashoare and lying
out of the shipp without leaue, and in most leaude fashion
spending his tyme in base baudye places, deniing to com
aboard, for which cause I gaue order to sett him in the
bilbowes, wheare before the Boateswane and most of the
Companye he did most deepelye sweare to be the
distructyon of Jack Sarys, for so it pleased him to callc
me. The botswane made knowne this matter viito me,
Saing he douted he might in the night breake out of the
Bilbowes, and performe som sudden villanye ; wherefore I
Conferred with the master his mates. Gunner, Carpenter
and rest of the cheife, acquanting them hearewith ; some
of them acknowledged to haue allso hearde him to haue
voued the same, all in Generall saing that he was a
dangerous fellowe, and not fitt to be of the Gunner Roome,
wheare allso was my greatest doutc that he might blowe
vp the shipp. And for that he was the onely cheife
mutynor in the hector, from whence I tooke him out, and
since his seruice in the Cloaue had twyce like to haue fired
the shipp, once burning the Gunnor so extrea'mlye as he

92- THE VOYAGE OF

was blynde for certane dayes, which most of the Companye
helde he did wiUingly, a Budge' barrell of ponder standing
hard by at the same tyme, which, yf it had taken, had
blowne vp the deck, and spoyled manye betwene the
decks. And vnderstanding by them and Mr. Wickham
that he and one Mufifett, being in the Mayeflower in the
West Indyes, had betrayed there pinnace to the Spannyards
there, and all the men instantly was putt to the sword, all
but them too, whoe ware for the same putt in the Gallyes
at the phillipinos, wheare they remaned a long tyme, I
did with the rest stand in more doute of him, and willed
the Gunnor that he should not suffer him to come anye
more into the Roome, and willed all the rest to be as
vigilent of him as they could, which they faithfullye
promised, The Gunnor telling me that ever since I tooke
him into the shipp, he durst not trust him to lade a peece
he was so doutfull of him.

Allowance [blank in MS?^

The 23''^ [June] we had newes of 2 China Junkes arived
at Langasaque laden with sugar.

[By him we vnderstood that the Emperour of China
had then lately put to death about fiue thousand persons,
for trading out of the Countrey, contrary to his Edict,
confiscating all their goods; notwithstanding hope of profit
enticed these men to put it in hazard, hauing bribed the
new Pungauas- and Officers vpon the Sea-coast, which
vpon the execution of the former, were placed in their
steads.]

Allowance [blank in MS?[

The 24th [June] vpone the Intreatye of Mr. Cocks and

' " A little Barrel made of Latten, filled with powder to carry from
place to place for feare of fire ; in the couer it hath a longe necke to
fill the Ladles withall without opening" (quoted in A New English
Dictionary, s.v.).

- Malay paiggchua, military officer.

CAPTAIN JOHN SAKIS TO JAPAN. 93

others, allso vponc the subinission of Evens, I caused liiin
to be lett out of the bilbowes without anye further [)unish-
inent.

Allowance [blank 2?i MS.^

The 25^'^ [June] there passed nothinj^.

Allowance [blank in MS.^

The 26''^ [June] at request of our landlord, I ordered
Mr. Cocks to lett him haue 50 rials in part pament of his
Rent.

Allowance [blank in MS."]

The 27^'^ [June] there passed nothing.

Allowance [blank in .'1/5.]

The 28''^ [June] nothing hapned.

Allowance [blank ifi MS.^

The 29'h [June] A soma^ of the Flemings ariued at
Langasaque from Syam, laden with Brasele wood and
skinnes of all sortes, wherein was said to be Englishmen,
but proued Flemings.

[For that before our comming, they passed generally by
the name of Englishmen : for our English Nation hath
been long known by report among them, but much
scandalled by the Portugals lesuites, as Pyrats and Rouers
vpon the Seas ; so that the Naturals haue a song which
they call the English Crofonia,- shewing how the English
doe take the Spanish ships, which they (singing) doe act
likewise in gesture with their Cattans by their sides, with
which song and acting they terrific and skare their
children, as the French sometimes did theirs with the
name of the Lord Talbot.]''

^ Junk.

2 This is Kuro-fune (black-ship), followed by the interjection _yrt .'
Even to-day foreign vessels are sometimes spoken of as Kuro-fune by
country people.

^ " Is this the Talbot, so much fear'd abroad.

That with his name the mothers still their babes ?"

King Henry VI. — Part 1, Act ii., Sc. 3.

94 THE VOYAGE OF

This daye Mr. Cocks writt me a letter, and sent aboard
one Jasper, a Fleming, one of our Carpenters, who had
abused the Captain China verye grocely, with whome I
had agreed to finde them victualls so long as they wrought
ashoare, which was fitted in as good fashion as any resonable
man would desire, and all but the said Fleming lyked,
finding faulte that his wyne was not good, and throwing
his dishes about the howse, the Captain [being] at dynnor
with them ; which so much discontented him, as he refused
to provide for them any more. Mr. Cocks in presence
when this abuse was offered, and hearing him to miscalle
him, whoe we finde our great frind and willing to pleasure vs
in what he can. I commaunded the boatswanes mates to
bange the said Fleming with a rotan, which they denyed
to doe, being boath drunck, wherefore I banged them
boath soundlye, and caused the master to beate the
Flemmeng well.

Allowance \blank in MS^

The 30^'^ [June] I ordered to be sent ashoare to Mr.
Cocks 2 hhd. of wyne, i hhd. of Syder, and 145 lb.
Biskett.

Allowance \blank in J/5.]

July, 161 3. The primo, the howse now readye, I send
[sent] the marchants and the Spanyard to lye ashoare with
there beaddes and chestes, and to take vp there lodgings,
as Mr. Cocks should appoint them. But Wickham fauling
at wordes with the Spannyard, challenged him the felde,^
and foarst him out of dores ; but Mr. Peacock standing by
acquainted Mr. Cocks hearewith, whoe Commaunded them
to laye downe there weapons. The Spannyard forthwith
obayed, but Wickham said he scorned anye authorytie
could be giuen him to commaund him to laye downe his
weapon when he list to take it vp in any occatyon, giuing

^ Field ; i.e.y to a duel.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 95

him most vile words ; wheareforc Mr. Cocks aduiscd mc
hearcof, intreatinir mc to take som specdye course with
him, for the people flocked about the howse in great
aboundance, and douted what they might doe, he not able
to perswade Wickham. I sent for boath partyes aboard,
and vnderstanding the matter, found it but the ordynarj-c
bread portingall humor in Wickham, not disgesting^ the
Spannyard. I caused him to staye aboard, and sent the
Skiffe for his Chest and bedding aboard againe, purposing
to lett him rest tell he better vnderstand himselfe, and sent
the Spanyard to assist Mr. Cocks, whoe found him verye
dilligent, faithful! and necessarye ; yf they had drawne it
might haue brought boath ourselues, shipp and goods in
danger, for the custome heare is that whoe ever drawes a
weapone in Anger, albeit he doe no hurt therewith, is
presentlye cutt in peeces, and doing but a smalle hurt, not
onlye themselues are executed, but there hole Kindred.
And yf it be thus with them, it is not good for strangers
hauing no priualedge to presume ouer much.

Allowance \blaiik in MS^^

The 2 [July] I went to lye ashoare, and tooke with me
for the howse 20 English, 2 strangers, i a Spannyard
I a Japan, boath Jurebasses, and intertaned- 4 Japans for
drudgerye, so that our houshold is 26 persons, 12 of them
salors to take vp our goods, sort and helpe the marchants,
hauing nothing for them to doe aboard.

[The second day, I went ashoare to keep house in
Firando, the houshold consisting of twenty-six persons.
Note, that at our comming we found Broad-clothes of fifteen

1 I.e., " The ordinary bred Portuguese humour in Wickham, not
digesting (tolerating) the Spaniard." Pyrard de Laval, who met
Wickham at Goa in 1609, especially notes his "proud and noble
bearing, like a captain '' ( Voyage^ Hakluyt .Society's edn., vol. ii,
p. 264) ; and numerous outbursts of passion on his part are recorded
both in Cocks's Diary and the Letters Received.

- To take into one's service.

96 THE VOYAGE OF

or sixteene pound a cloth to be sold by the Dutch in
Firando for fortie Rials of eight, which is eight pound
sterling the Mat/ which Mat is two yards and a quarter :
but desirous to keep vp the price of our cloath, and hearing
that the Dutch had great store there, I had conference
with Brower, Captaine of their Factorie to this effect ;
That betwixt vs we should set rates vpon such clothes as
both of us had, and neither of vs in any wise to sell under
the price agreed vpon : for performance whereof, I prof-
fered to enter into bond to him. In the morning he
seemed to approue hereof, but ere night sent word that he
disliked it, excusing himselfe that he had no warrant from
his Masters to make any such agreement. The next
morning, he shipped away great store of Cloath to diuers
Hands, rating them at base prizes, viz. at twentie, eighteene
and sixteen Rials the Mat, that he might procure the more
speedie dispatch of his owne, and glut the place before the
coming of ours.

Bantam Pepper vngarbled'^ which cost at Bantam one

1 Mat. In the Dutch factory piece-goods were measured by the
ikje, which is a corruption of ikke/i, />., one ken, a Japanese measure
equal to 6 Japanese feet ; Siebold (Nippon, iv) says the ken = 6.3
Japanese feet, or 1.909 metre, which would make 2.087 yards, not two
yards and a quarter as .Saris gives it.

How did the English come to use the word ;j/a/, and its equivalent
tatami {■A.'i Cocks does in his Diary) for this Japanese measure 'i There
are two possible explanations. First, that they adopted the Dutch
word maat (measure), and confounded it with mat, which is the same
in Dutch and English. Secondly, that the thick mats with which the
flooring of a Japanese room is covered, and which serve to measure
the size of a room, are one ken in length and half a ken in width, and
they somehow came to believe that the Japanese measured lengths by
" mats." The Japanese never used the inat as a linear measure, but
the editor remembers that when he arrived in Japan in 1862 he heard
Europeans use the word mat in speaking of Japanese lengths. It
might be supposed that Saris, and Cocks after him, employed the word
jnatx.0 measure broadcloth, as being a nntural proceedmg; but, in fact.
Cocks uses it in stating mere linear measurements (thus. Diary, vol. ii,
p. 27 : "We bought 1484 fagottes of wood, every faggot being i a
tatta in the band ;" and p. 142 : "More for looo sheathing boardes
or plankes, containing 3 tatt. long and xij Japon inches broad").

■■^ Unsifted.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 97

Riall three quarters of eight the sackc, was worth here at
our comming tenne Tayes^ the Pcecull, which is one liundrcd
Cattees, making one hundred thirtie pound English subtill.'^
A Taye is fiue shillings sterling with them. A Riall of
eight is worth there in ordinary payment but seuen Masse,^
which is three shillings sixe pence sterling. For a Masse
is as a Riall of Plate.

Tinne the Peecull, thirtie Tayes : Elephants Teeth, the
Peecull eightie Tayes : Iron cast Peeccs, the Peecull sixe
Ta}'es : Powder, the Peecull twentie three Tayes : Aloes
Socatrina, the Cattec sixe Tayes : Fowling Peeces, the
peece twentie Tayes : Callico and such like Commodities
of Choremandel, and of the Guzerates, as they are in
goodnesse.*]

I writt a letter to Mr. Addams, and sent it by Sima-
dona, whoe was bound to Ozaca, to deliuer it him yf he
mett with him coming, or to bringe it back againe to
Firando.

Allowance {blank in MS?^

The 3^h [July] this daye the Kinge came to breckfast to
me, whoe I acquanted that Brower, Captain of the duch,
was to depart, as I heard, this night for Edo, and douted
it was to be some hinderance to Mr. Addams his coming.

^ Taye or tael, the trade-name in China for the ounce of silver (see
Yule and Burnell, s.v.). - See note on p. 58.

^ Masse, now spelt mace, the tenth part of a tael. Tael, mace, and
candareen are merely names of moneys of account, according to the
Chinese system, prevalent wherever the Chinese carried on trade.
They had traded to Hirado for centuries before the arrival of either
Portuguese, Dutch, or English. It is incorrect to call taels, etc.,
"Japanese currency." In Cocks's Diary bars of silvei; are frequently
mentioned. The Japanese coin called ichibu is first mentioned in
Cocks's Diary on his arrival at Fushimi, September 19th, 1618, and its
value is taken at 1 tael, 6 mace, 4i candarcens. 15ut this was the gold
coin of that name, not the silver ichibu, which was fust issued in 1837.
Up to the discovery of Japan by the Portuguese in the middle of the
sixteenth century, the only coins in general circulation were cash im-
ported from China, and the precious metals passed from hand to hand
by weight as in China. '' According to quality.

Cj8 THE VOYACE OF

being that he made such hast and leaft his charge heare
without anye ovvne duchman to looke to it, he all alone,
the rest all despersed to Hands abraud ; he said he would
at my request stop his journye, and did presentlye, sending
abraude his order that no boate or barke departe out of
the roade without his leaue. And taking greate liking to
a Gould ring Mr. Cocks had [worthe 3!'],^ it was by counsell
thought good to bestowe it one him, and Mr. Cocks to
allowe himselfe for it.

Allowance \blank in MS^

The 4th [July], having againe intellygence that there
weare English men at Langasaque com from Syam, ac-
quanted the King that I purposed to send a marchant
thether to see, and at his owne charge he proferred me a
barke of speede, which I accepted, and sent Mr. Peacock
to inquire the truthe. I allso acquanted him thatt Brower
was this last night gone for Langasaque, which he sent to
inquire, and found it True. Whearfore presentlye sent and
seased one the master of the barkes howse and goods,
imprisoned his famelye, and it is douted will execute the
man at retorne for disobaying his order.

Allowance \blank in MS^

The 5th [July] I was feasted by a nobleman called
Unogensie.^ And at retorne home found Captain Brower
staing to vizit me, saing that he was come from Langasaque,
wheare was a Soma of this Counterye come from Syam,
wherein Lucas Antonyson~ had laden a certane quantytie
of Braseele wood for the account of the English companye.
I thanked him for his newes, and asked him vvheather he
did see anye letters for the English. He said such goods
could not come without letters of advice.

Allowance \blank in MS^

^ Crossed out in MS.

^ A Dutchman in the English service {Letters Received^ vol. i,
p. 136, etc.), employed in the Siam trade. ^ See p. 87.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAI'AN. 99

The 6^'^ [July] Captain Jirowcr sent me a letter certifin<^
me that he had mistaken himselfe, and that sicknes and
oLicrwaking was the occatyone thereof, The truth being
that no such woode as he formerly had tould me was come
for the account of the English, But that Lucas Antonyson
had sould the said wood to the Master of the Soma called
John Yozen,! a Fleming, at a price to paye two for one at
his retorne for Siam. This letter did not well please me,
houlding that the Fleming did but scoffe me. VVherevpone
I sent Mr. Cocks to Broower, to will him to consider better
of the matter, for I would not be Jested with, and that y(
he could not showe me better proofe of the bargaine made
then his owne worde, I would, as littell knoledge as I had
in the Counterye, take that course as should not be
pleasing to him. He tould Mr. Cocks he had, sence the
ariuall of the Soma, bought the same wood of Yozen, and
cared not what course I could take, with which answer
Mr. Cocks retorned. This Yeozen, as I am credablye
informed, is a basse fellowe and was one of the Factions"'^
in the Flemish shipp long since ruinated wheareof Mr.
Addams was pilatt.

Allowance \blank in MS?\
. The 7^h [July] I sent Mr. Cocks with a Jurcbasso to the
ould King, and aduised him what had passed betwene
Brower and me, intreating his Majestic that the Goods
might be sequestrated, and no saile made thereof Till Mr.
Addams came, whoe was acquanted with the said Yozen.
The which the King presently granted, and sent an officer
foarthwith to Brower, to charge him not to sell or send
awaye anye of the said wood, and to lett his seruant haue
a vewe in his warehowse, what quant}t\-e there might be

1 In Letters Received^ etc., called John Yoosen (vol. ii, p. 68). He
was one of the crew of the vessel in which Wni. Adams was cast away
on the coast of Japan.

- See note on p. 8o.

H 2

100 THE VOYAGE OF

of it without deceite, which was presently performed. The
officer retorned, made a good jest of Mr. Browers collor in
this course.^

This daye 2 Spannyards came to intreate they might
haue leaue to goe aboard the shipp, saing they weare of
Mr. Addams his acquantance ; wherefore I gaue leaue, but
writt the Master to be carefull of them, for that I douted
they weare but fuiatiues- and spies from the preeistes of
Langasaque. Allso the King of Goto came to visite the
King of Ferando, hearing of a most excellent shipp in his
kingdom, as he said, and desired he might goe aboard and
see hir. The King sent and intreated me he might be per-
mitted, and vsed kindly, for he was his good frind. I
writt the Master to intertane him well, and sent Mr. Cocks
to accompanye him, offering myselfe, but the ould King
intreated the Contrarye, and apoynted 5 peeces to be
giuen him at departure, which gaue the ould King great
Content, and the other sent me great thanks for, wishing
he might Hue to see some of our natyon to ariue at his
Hand, wheare he hoped our intertanement should be to
our Content.

The younge King sent me half a fatt buck, which I caused
to be baked in 2 pastyes, and retorned him the one with
2 bottells of wyne with thankes, which he tooke in frindly
sorte.

Allowance [blank in MSi\

The 8'*^ [July] there weare 3 Japanns executed, viz.,
2 men, one woman, the woman hauing apoynted them
boath severall howres, hir husband gone to another Hand,
to come and passe tyme, but each thinking long tell his
howre came, or not willing to lett slipp his howre, it hapned
the one came before the other was discharged ; he without
imployment, occupied his Cattan ypone them boath, so

^ Anger over this matter. 2 Fugitives.

C/VrXAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 101

that all three wearc sorclyc woondcd, and presently scased
vpon, wearc taken aside, there heades first strooke of,
and then every man suffered to proue his Cattan one the
Carcasses, so that they wearc cutt into pceccs no bii;ger
then a mans hand presently.^

Giuen this dayc I pcccc white Rangenes to the Kings
man which brought the venyson, and i peece Baffta to him
which went with Mr. Peacock to Langasaque.

Allowance \hlank in M S?\

The 9^'i [JliIn'J. After midnight the ould King sent to
the howse, to intreat me to send Mr. Cocks and my linguist
to him, which I did. The occatyon was to intreat me to
excuse him for that he came not so offten to vizite me as
formerh^ ; the reason was for that he douted a spie to be
in Towne, sent by the Emperor to take notis what curtesyes
past betwene vs ; notwithstanding he would not want now
and then to come vnto me, expecting the like from me ;
And sent vnto me by him a Cattan, which for manye
yeares he had worne himselfe, intreating me to accept
thereof, and keepe it for his sake. He allso entered into
speeches with thern about the prises of our Comodytyes,

' "The eighth, three Liponians were executed, viz., two men and
one woman : the cause this ; The woman, none of the honestest, (her
husband being trauelled from home) had appointed these two their
seuerall houres to repaire vnto her. The latter man not knowing of
the former, and thinking the time too long, comming in before the houre
appointed, found the first man with her already, and enraged thereat,
he whipt out his Cattan, and woundeti both of them very sorely, hauing
very neere hewne the Chine of the mans backe in two. But as well
as he might he cleared himselfe of the woman, and recoucring his
Cattan, wounded the other. The street taking notice of the fray,
forthwith seased vpon them, led them aside, and acquainted King
Foyne therewith, and sent to know his pleasure (for according to his
will, the partie is executed), who presently gaue order that they should
cut off their heads : which done, euery man that listed (as very many
did) came to trie the sharpnesse of their Cattans vpon the Corps, so
that before they left off, they had hewne them all three into peeces as
small as a mans hand, and yet notwithstanding did not then giue ouer,
but placing the peeces one vpon another, would try how many of them
they could strike through at a blow ; and the peeces are left to the
Fowles to deuoure" (Purchas).

102 THE VOYAGE OF

willing me not to sett to hie a rate thereone, for so we
should not sell them in a long tyme. The Flemings, as he
said, hauing much hindered themselues that waye. And
he douted not but the Emperor wolde buy the greatest
part of our goods. And after himselfe and his frindes
would haue som part.

Allowance \blank in MS?\

The lo^h [July] 3 Japans weare executed as the former
for stealing of a woman from this towne and selling hir at
Langasaque long sence, two of them Brothers, the other a
sharer with them.

[When any are to be executed, they are led out of the
Towne in this manner : There goeth first one with a
Pick-axe, next followeth another with a shouell for to
make his graue (if that bee permitted him) ; the third man
beareth a small Table whereon is written the parties
offence, which table is afterwards set vp vpon a Post on the
graue where he is buried. The fourth is the partie to be
executed, his hands bound behind him with a silken cord,
hauing a little Banner of Paper (much resembling our
wind vanes) whereon is likewise written his offence. The
executioner followeth next, with his Cattan by his side,
holding in his hand the cord wherewith the offender is
bound. On either side of the executioner goeth a soldiour
with his pike, the head thereof resting on the shoulder of
the partie appointed to suffer, to skare him from attempt-
ing to escape. In this very manner I saw one led to
execution, who went so resolutely and without all appear-
ance of feare of death, that I could not but much admire
him, neuer hauing scene the like in Christendome. The
offence for which he suffered was for stealing of a sacke of
Rice (of the value of two shillings sixe pence) from his
neighbour, whose house was then on fire.]
Allowance \blank in MS.\
The ii^h [July] there came to vizite me one Mclser.van

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. I03

Jonford,^ a Fleming, and one of those which came in
the shipp with Mr. Addams into this countcrye, and at
present came from Syam and brought letters to Mr.
Addams from Lucas Antonysonne for Mr. Addams, which
he deh'uered me for him, being bound awaye to his howsc
at Sackca,- whcarc he is maryed. 1 did offer him inter-
tanement, finding him verye stayde and vnderstanding,
boath in the language as allso in traficke, or to bring him
into England yf he so pleased, but he refused boath, being
better affected to this course of life, houlding it farr more
contenting then yf he weare in his owne counterye. I had
intelligence of 3 China Junkes ariued at Langasaque laden
with silkes.

Allowance [blank in MS^^

The I2^'i [July] Melser came to vizite me, and gaue me
som good notes of the course of trade in these parts,
acknowledging there was great profitt to be made, but
must be followed by china and Syam wares, as the porting-
galle, Spannyard and there natyon did, being furnished
at pottanye^ of all sorts and in what quantytye yearlye
they listed, but the other natyons had theres from Mack-
cawe* and the phillipinas ; he desired to see the shipp,
which I granted, and in regard of his willingnes to giue me
the best advice he could, gaue him 3 peeces at departure,
and his childe i pees Callyco.

Allowance \bla}ik in MSi\

The 13"! [July] being thought fitting by Mr. Cocks and
the marchants to bestowe a present of our landlord, whoe
was verye dilligent in helping vs, it was concluded to
bestowe these parcells, viz.

' Later (gth November), called van Samford. Melchior Sandvoord,
according to Valentijn, one of the shipwrecked crew oi De Liefde.

'^ Either Osaka or Sakai, a town near to the former.

■^ Patani. * Macao.

104 THE VOYAGE OF

3 yardes blacke co[lour], No. 169 - - rials 009 . —

3 peeses Bafftas - - - - rials 001 . 2

2 peeses Blewe Byrammes- - - rials 001 . 2

2 peeses Red Sellas - - - rials 001 . ^

rials 013 . J

Mr. Cocks had order to deliuer the purser 50 Tayes
Japan monye (is 62^ rials) for the provityon of the shipp.
Borrowed of the ould King 500 rials of 8, Japan monye.
Sould to Tone Same the young King 2 Barrells of pouder,
to paye as the rest shalbe sould.

Allowance \blank in MS?^

The 14th [July] this daye was brought ashoare 124
Elliuants Teethe, 3 Chestes and part of a Cheste of Tinne,
and 2 hhd. Galles and all the brand cloathes. I apointed
Wm Eaton Cater^ of the howse. I sent Mr. Peacock to
Compliment with the 2 Kings, which they tooke verye
kindlye.

Allowance [blank in MS.']

The 15'h [July] This daye was braught ashoare 12 hh., i
Butt of Cloaues.

Allowance \blank in MS.]

The i6'h [July] brought ashoare 650 barrs of leade.
Deliuered to the young King 20 lb. Cloaues, is 15 Cattyes,
to paye as the rest are sould.

Allowance \blank 171 MS.]

The 17'h [July] brought ashoare 281 barrs lead. I
sent a faire leading staff, gracefully sett out, to the King,
which he tooke in kinde parte. And came to dynnor
to me.

Allowance \blank in MS^

The i8^h [July] The ould and young Kings sent me pre-
sents of etable Commodytyes, which according to the

1 Caterer.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. I05

vallcwc giucn to there seruants which brought them, 2
peeces course callyco of 10 rials per Gorge.

Allowance \blank in MS?^

The 19'h [July] The ould King intreated for a peece of
pouldauis/ which I sent him : he caused it presently to be
made into coates, which he [notwithstanding that hee was
a King, and of that great age, and famed to be the
worthiest souldiour of all lapan for his valour and scruice
in the Corean warres] wore next his skinne, and some parte
was cut out into handkerchers, which he daylye vseth.

Our salors brought ashoare for the help of the marchants
doe so drunkenly behaue them selues, as I am constraned
to send two, Laurens and Conawaye, aboard againe, with
order not to com ashoare without the masters leaue.

Allowance Beere and biskett, i meale porkc, i meale
oatmeale, with saufte bread boath mcales, 16 oz. (?) to a
loafe, 2 a messe per daye.

The 20th [July] Simmadone retorned me my letter
directed to Mr. Addams, being com back and not meeting
with him. 95 Sacks pepper was brought ashoare : I vnder-
stoode of a Soma come from Cochanchina to Langasaque,
laden with silkes and Beniamine, excellent cleere and rich.

Allowance, Beere and biskett, i meale porke, i meale
oatmeale with oyle, and loafe bread boath meales.

The 21^'^ [July] John Yozen the Fleming, which came
from Syam and is said to haue bought the wood aforesaid
of S[igno]r Lucas, Came to vizite me, and lefte with me a
letter for Mr. Addams. He said he would proue the wood
was sould to him, to paye two for one at his rctorne to
Siam, but the matter resteth tell Mr. Addams doth come,

^ According to the Century Dictionary, the same as Polldavy or
Poledavy, a sort of coarse canvas (Nares' Glossary). Canvas is
defined in A Ne7a Enj^lish Dictionary as a strong unlileachcd cloth
made of hemp {cannabis, whence tlic word) or flax, used (in different
forms) as the material for sails of ships, for tents, and by painters for
oil-paintings ; formerly also for clothing, etc. -

lo6 THE VOYAGE OF

whose letters will make the truth manyfaste. The ould
King came while this fleming was with me. He tould me
he was of no accompt and verye much indetted in the
counterye.

Allowance Beere and Biskett, i meale fresh fishe, i
meale oatmeale with oyle, and loafe bread as formerly.

The 22'h [July] the King came to vizite me and tooke
liking to 6 verye fine cayne staues wrought, a Bandaleere^
ver)-e large and for my owne use, and a faire large fan of
Eastridg- feathers, all which was thought fitt b}- myself
and the marchants to bestowe vpone him, finding him
kinde and not denying anye thing I request.

And at his departure Simadona came to complyment
with me, making relatyon of a voyage he pretended^ to
the Emperors court, but for som occatyons did not
proseede further then Ozacaye.^ But I rather thinke he
hath beene at som Hand heare about, to sell those presents
bestowed by me vpone the Kings, himselfe and rest of the
nobillytye. And which makes me the more confident
therein is, he is desirous to haue of the same Commodityes
som quantytye, but vpone trust, but I hould Compliment
fitter for such a customer then Commodytye, hauing latlye
heard he is much indeted to the Flemings and is a badd
pamaster.

Tonesame, the young King, had credit this daye for i
sack pepper poiz 103 Cattyes, and i sack Cloues poiz 85
Cattyes, to paye as the rest is sould.

Allowance Beere and Biskett, i meale porke, i meale
oatmeale and oyle, with loafe bread.

The 23th [July]. This daye there passed nothing.

Allowance Beere and biskett, i meale porke, i meale
fresh fish with oyle, and loafe bread as vsyall.

^ A small wooden case covered with leather, containing powder
sufficient for a charge. - Estrich, ostrich.

^ Intended. ^ Ozaka, or Osaka.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 10^^

The 24^1^ [Jwly] The young King sent a bill for his dctt,
and verye great fish for a present. The ould King sent
one of the same fishes, and came to dynnor to me.

Allowance Beere and biskett, i meale porkc, i meale
fresh fish and oylc, with loafe bread.

The 25"! [July] This being our Kings Coronatyon daye,
I ordered 11 peeces ordnance to be shott of, our shipp to
putt abraude all hir gallantry, which the naturalls tooke
greate notis of, the King much commending our order in
remembering our dutye. And in the afternoone viziting
liis majestie at his coart, he bestowed vpone me a faire
armor, which he said he would giue at this present for that
he held it of som esteeme, hauing worne it in the warrs of
Corea, And in honnor of his Majesties Corronatyon. I
imbrast his loue and receaued his present with 9 peeces
ordnance in honnor thereof, which gave him such great
Content that he began a health of a pinte of admirable
strong wyne to his Majesty of England, causing his
secrytarye to goe foarth and see that all that came with
me had the same.

Allowance, i meale fresh beefe and pottage, i meale
oatmeale with oyle, and loafe bread boath meales.

The 26^'i [July] The ould King came to dynnor,
intreating mc to pardon his bouldnes, saing he held his
tyme well past in my Companye. And willed me to
hould myselfe as welcom to Ferando as in my owne
Countery, and for that Mr. Addams stayed long, yf I
pleased he would fitt me with a barke of specde to kecpe
the shoarc betwecne this and the strates of Shemenaseque^
to see yf they could hcare of him there, for the wynds
westerly was the occatyon he came not. I accepted of his
kindnes, and dispatched this night Sensabro''^ dono, Mr.

' Shiinonoseki.

- Probably Zenzaburo. " Dono" is equivalent to " Mr."

I08 THE VOYAGE OF

Addams his oaste/ thinking the tyme longe tell he came.
I gaue vnto his majesty a faire Curtlos,^ hung in a rich
heare^ cullored Taffeta scarfe, with a deepe siluer fringe of
a hand long, garnished with spangells, a faire Gilded head
brush, and a cap of curyous worke in collored silke.

Allowance Beere and biskett, i meale porke, i meale
Rice with oyle, and boath meales loafe bread.

The 27th [July] there passed nothing.

Allowance Beere and biskett, i meale porke, i meale
Rice with oyle, and loafe bread boath meales.

The 28^'^ [July] The young King and the cheife of the
nobillyty came with a great trane to vizit me. I intertaned
them fitting there worth with a rich bankett and musick,
which they tooke great pleasure in. And after there
departure Aandace'^ our landlord layed a wager with me
of 10 rials of 8, that Mr. Addams would be heare in 4 dayes,
which I accepted of, wishing to leese^ so he weare com, or
that there weare no such in the Counterye, for expecting
him I doe nothing but lye at charge.

Allowance Beere and Biskett, i meale of fresh fish, i
meale Rice with o}le, and lofe bread boath meales.

The 29'!^ [July] about 10 a clock before nowne Mr.
Addams ariued aboard the Cloaue, and was receaued with
3 peeses. He had beene 17 dayes coming betwene Sorongo*"
and Ferando. I sent Mr. Cocks and Mr. Peacock in my
skiff fitted verye comly for him, with order to giue him
9 peeces more at landing at the English howse, wheare I
receaued him in the best mannor I could for his better
grace, wheareof notis was taken of the counterye people.
And diuers weare inquisatyue, I know not for what cause,
wheather Ange would lodge in our howse. I conferred

1 Host. 2 Cutlass. 3 Hare.

* See p. 88. ^ Lose.

' Suruga, the province in which lyeyasu's place of residence, Sumpu
(now called Shidzuoka) was situated.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAl'AN. lOQ

with him in the presents of Mr. Cocks and the marchants,
what incurragement he could giue mc of trade in these
parts. He said it was not allwayes aHke, but somtymes
better somtymes worse, yet douted not but we should doe
as well as others, saing he would doe his best, giuing
so admirable and affcctionated commendatyons of the
Counterye as it is generally thought emongest vs that
he is a naturalised Japanner. I intreated him to make
choise of anye chambers in the howse, and to acquant the
Cooke what dyatt he best affected, and it should be pro-
vided. And Mr. Cocks and whoe else of the marchants
should at his pleasure accompanye him in the towne. He
intreated me to pardon him : he would for 3 or fowre dayes
repare to his cuUors, which he had put out at an ould wyndo
in a poore howse, being a S^ Gcorg made of course cloath,
nether would admit of anye marchant or other to accom-
panye him, which vnto vs all was verye strange, yet I
would not further importune him tell more acquantance,
praying him to doe what he thought best, but with all to
remember I was alowne, and should be glad to inioye his
most acceptable Companye, which I had long expected,
and tyme of yeare would com one so that I should neede
his helpe to confer of the present puting in practis the
cause of my coming, That I might be readye to take the
first of the N.E. wynds to retorne. He said he would be
with me when I pleased to send for him, and should not
misse of him, ether at his owne howse or at the Flemings.
And so making a short dynnor, tooke his leaue, manye
profering after he came downe to goe along in companye
with him in loue, but he intreated the contrarye, as some
weare not well pleased, thinking that he thought them not
good enoffe to walke with him.

Allowance Beere and Biskett, i meale porke, i meale
Rice with oyle, and lofe bread boath meales.

The 30^'' [July] in the morning one of the kings Gouer-

Il6 THE VOYAGE OF

nors was by his order cutt to peeces in the streete, being
thought to be to fafiUyer^ with his mother. Allso a proper
fellow, a slaue of his, dyed with him, seeking to defend his
master.

I intreated Mr. Addams to dynnor aboard the shipp,
wheare he made little staye, diuers spannyards and portin-
gales of Langasaque, salors, being com to vizite him. At
his departure shott 5 peeces. These spannyards, as I am
Credablye informed by the Captain Chinesa, haue ouer-
throne there Generall heare, whoe was sent out by the
King of spaine from perowe to discouer to the Northward
of Japan ; And haue been kept in obscurytye by Mr.
Addams, whome they vse as there Jurebassa and hoste,
The Emperor hauuing granted out his warrant to the
Generall for the aprehending of them, but shifting into
severall Hands they passe.- This daye zanzebar,^ Mr.
Addams hoste, retorned, hauing missed of him in the waye,
where at the King was so displeased as he would, had I
not greatly intreated for him, haue bannished him, as he
which carryed my former letter to Mr. Addams was for
making no more haste.

Christopher Evens,* for liing ashoare without leaue, was
sett in the Bilbowes, but after prayer released, promising
amenment ; yett before we had dyned went ashoare againe
without leaue, and remaned all daye in the spannyards
companye, from which I had forewardned him, yett was
he at this tyme onlye bilbouysed and lett passe.

^ A slip of the pen : " Famillyer " is meant.

2 " This day there came to Firando certaine Spaniards of M. Adams
his acquaintance, to desire passage in our ship for Bantam. These
Spaniards had been belonging to a Spanish Gentleman their Generall,
who about a yeare past, were come (vpon the King of Spaines charge)
from Noua Hispania, to discouer to the Northward of Japan, and
arriuing at Edoo, attending the Monson to goe to the Northward,
which beginneth in the end of May, his Company (whereof these were
two) mutinied against him, euery man taking his owne way, leaning
the ship vtterly vnmanned, wherefore I thought it best to keepe them
out of my ship" (Purchas). ^ Zenzaburo. ^ See p. 91.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. Ill

Allowance Becrc and Biskctt, i mealc fresh fish, i meale
Rice with oyle, and loafe bread boath meales.

The 3 I'll [July] 1 Conferred with the marchants con-
scrning some fitt present to be giuen Mr. Addains, wheare-
b\- he might haue some feeling of his brothers. For that
no pen\', no paternoster^ in this age. It was resolued one
these parsells viz.

4 yeardes Black co[lour], No. 169 - - rials on . J

4 yeardes Staniet co[lour], No. 206 - - rials 012. i
3 Fine Chauters - - - rials 003 . J

5 Blew Birammes - - - rials 003 . |
10 White Bafftas - - - rials 005 . —
5 Alleiayes - - . - rials 005 . —
10 Redd Sellas - - - - rials 006 . —

Totall - - rials 047 . o

Allowance Beerc and Biskett, i meale Rice with oyle.

August, 161 3. The primo there passed nothing, only I
bestowed these things following vpone Mr. Addams a
present from myselfe, viz.

2 Fine shashes ad valorum - - rials 012 . —

4 Bookes fine Callico - - - rials 024 . —

I Tapseele - . . - rials 007 . —

I Symmian Chauter - - - rials 008 . —

5//. Allowayes Socotrina - - - rials 010 . —

I Sute .Silke Grograne faire - - rials 030 . —

I White hat and Band - - - rials 006 . —

I very faire Band and Cuffs - - rials 003 . —

I Shirt of fine Holland - - - riuls 002 . ^

I paire of Worsted stockins - - rials 002 . —

I pare Silke Garters - - - rials 002 . —

I pare Spanish leder Slippers - - rials 001 . —

I Handkercher of fine Hollond - - rials 000 . h

I Turkey Carpett - - - rials 010 . —

rials 1 18 . o

^ See T. W^ywood^s Proverbs ufid Epigrams, 1562.

112^ THE VOYAGE OF

In Requitall heareof he bestowed vpone me a Saluitarye^
and plaster box for a Chirurgion, of Meacko ware, worth
heare 6s., which I kindly accepted.

Allowance Biskett, fresh beefe and pottage, dynnor and
supper.

The 2th [August] This daye Mr. Addams inuited to the
duch howse. With much intreatye I procured him to
take Mr. Cocks with him, willing him To take notis of the
Flemings vsage of him, which was but ordynarye. Brower
desired to haue an accompt of him for certane Goods some
of there factors had formerly left in his hands to sell at a
price, and further Accompt of his seruing of them. Mr.
Cocks said he did not perceaue they did greatly respect
[him].

Allowance Beere and biskett, i meale fresh beefe and
pottage, I meale oatmeale with oyle.

The 3th [August] The King sent to knowe of what
Bolke- the Kings present to the Emperor was of, allso
what number of people I would take with me, for that he
would provide accordinglye for my going vp in good
fashion, boath for Barke, horse and pallankeene, yf I pleased,
all at the Kings or Emperors charge. I retorned word 1
would confer with Mr. Addams and then sent [send] him
word.

I sent for Mr. Addams to supper, and by much intreatye
perswaded him to lye in the howse this night, that we
might confer of our business ; but manye tymes the Spann-
yard salors sent for him, with whome his better part was,
but went not to them.

This night I willed Mr. Cocks to deliuer John Japan, our
linguist, 10 rials to provide himselfe of necessaryes for the
Journye, but vpone accompt of his wages. I Conferred
with Mr. Cocks, the marchants and Mr. Addams consern-

^ A salv.atory, or receptacle for unguents. 2 j^ulk.

CAl'TAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN.

I ^

ing befitting presents for the Emperor and chicfe of his
nobillytie, which was Concluded of as Followeth :

Ogflshosama^ tlie Emperor, his present.
1 Gilt Bason and yewer, poiz 645 oz.
I Black Cloath, No. 30, c° 38 yeardes, cost -

1 Stammet- Kersie,' cost

2 Dammasked peeces
I peece Cambrick, verye fine

1 peece Lawne, verye fine

4 Syniian Chanters

5 Blewe Birammes

2 verye fine shashes
5 peeces very fine Baftaes
I prospectiue Glasse cast in silucr Giltc
I Staue Bowe made at Sea
x\s. in Gould, viz. I Jacobus, i soucrane, i

Angell - - - .

I verye faire Burning Glasse
I peece zella^ for Tilletts''

Shotigo^ sama, the Emperors so?ine, \iz.
I Great standing cup and Couer, poiz 30 oz.

at 7J. - - - - rials 0052

5 a blewe cloath, No. 97, cost 17 //. \os. - rials 0043
\ a lemon cloath, No. 88, cost 12. loj. - rials 0033
I dammasked peece, cost- - - rials 0025
10 pees White Baftas - - - rials 0005
7 pees Simian Chanters - - - rials 0003 .

6 peeces fine Chanters - - - rials 0007 -
6 peeces blewe Birammes - - rials 0004 .

rials \J>hiti/c]

rials 01 15

. --

rials 0021

. I

rials 0050

. —

rials 0045

. —

rials 0045 .

. —

rials 0007 ,

. —

rials 0007 .

rials 0015 ,

. —

rials 0025 .

—

rials 0006 .

, —

rials 0000 ,

. —

rials 0010 ,

_ „

rials 0002 .

. —

rials 0000 .

rials 0349 .

I [\ n

rials 0175 . —

1 Gosho, literally " honourable place," with the prefix 6 = great,
denotes the retired Shogun lyeyasu. Sama = Mr., or Monsieur.

2 See note on p. 85.

^ Modern kersey, a kind of coarse woollen cloth, usually ribbed
{Century Dictionary).

* Probably the same as sellas.

•'''Wrappers or coverings (see note on "lillctled'' on a later page).

" Shoijim.

114

THE VOYAGE OF

Codskedona,^ the Emperors sccritarie :

I smale gilte cup and couer, cost - - rials 0028

i of a lemmon cloath, No. 88, cost - rials 0016

5 Alleiayes - - - - rials 0005

4Chauters - - - - rials 0004

10 White Baftes - - - rials 0005

5 Blew Byrammes - - - rials 0003

This present was retorned and not taken of him.

Sadda dona^ the kings secrytarye, vis.

I Gilt cup and Couer abouesaid - - rials 0028 .

i of a lemmon cloath abouesaid - - rials 0016 .

3 Chauters - - - - rials 0003 .

10 Baftas - - - - rials 0005 .

5 Byrams - - - - rials 0003 .

Icocora Iiiga^^ Judg of Meaco :

4 yeards Black cloath - - - rials 001 1.|

4 Byrammes - - - - rials 0003 . 3

4 Baftas ... - rials 0002 . 2

Some rials 0018 . \

^ Honda Kodzuke no suke ; see below under Sado no kami.

' Honda Sado no kami was an intimate friend and counsellor of
lyeyasu, being born in 1538, and hence five years his senior. He
acted as a sort of Chief of the Staff to him ; and eventually, when lyeyasu
resigned the office of Shogun in 1605 in favour of his son Hidetada,
Sado no kami accompanied the latter to Yedo as his prime minister.
Sado no kami's eldest son, Kodzuke no suke, remained with lyeyasu
at Sumpu as his chief counsellor. The two Hondas together prac-
tically ruled the country. lyeyasu died June ist, 1616, and his great
retainer on July 20th following.

^ Itakura Iga no Kami, b. 1542, first entered the Buddhist priest-
hood, but returned to civil life in 1574, to replace a brother who had
fallen in battle. In 1588, when lyeyasu removed to Sumpu in Suruga
(the modern Shidzuoka), he appointed Itakura civil governor of the
town, and in i 599 promoted him to be Resident (Shoshidai; at Kioto.
This officer might almost be styled Viceroy of Kioto. He retained
the office till succeeded by his son, Suwo no kami, in 1620. His
position would probably be best represented to the mind of an
Englishman of that day by the title of Lord Chief Justice. So .Saris
calls him " Judg of Meaco" (/.f., of Kioto).

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS Tu JAPAN. II 5

To Fongo lioiio, the Adiitirall of Orvngou} viz.

2 l^yrammes - - - - rials 0003 . 3

2 Haftas .... rials 0002 . 2

2 Selas .... rials 0002 . 2

2 Rangins . . - . rials 0001 . I

4 Allyas .... rials ock)4 . —

rials 0014 . o

To Goto Shozaucra, the mint master^ viz.

4 yeardes Black cloath, No. 169 - - rials on

4 yeardes stammett, No. 206 - - rials 012

4 Chauters .... rials 004
10 Baftas .... rials 005

5 Byrammes .... rials 003
10 Burralls - . . . rials 003
01 Dastar of 35 rials per Gorge - - rials 001
01 Shash of 29 .... rials 001

rials 044 . o

More it was Resolued to send in 2 Chestes, N° E and
F, the musters^ of all our cambaya cloath, as apeares in
the wast booke. Allso a Barrell of Gunpouder, poiz 48//.,
I peece or barr of leade, 2 Barrs Tynnc, i pcece of [or.']
a barr of Steele, and one sea chest with diuers sorts of
Commodytyes, to leaue at Ozakey To sell by Mr. Addams
his advize. Mr. Cocks delivered to Mr. Peacock i bas^fg
Royalls of eight, Contaning 500 rials for our expcnces one
the waye.

^ Orungoii is evidently Uraga, near the entrance of the Bay of
Yedo, and not many miles from Wm. Adams' residence at Hemi
miira. It seems that this officer had a country house at Misaki, the
Cape not far from Uraga, whence Saris calls him the Admirall of
Orungou. His name was Mukai Bungo no Kami, and his son,
Mukai .Shogen, who succeeded him in his office, is frequently men-
tioned in Cocks's Diary.

- The proper spelling is Goto .Shuzaburo. This man was a skilful
engraver, whom lyeyasu made Master of the Mint ; and as he was in-
telligent in affairs of state, took him into his confidence.

^ Patterns.

I 2

I l6 THE VOYAGE OF

Allowance Beere and biskett, i meale porke, i meale
Rice and oyle.

The 4th [August] we did nothing, Mr. Addams hauing
diuers Spannyards and portingales come from langasaque
to vizite him, and to see the shipp. I sent order aboard
to see he weare well vsed and his frindes.

Allowance Beere and biskett, i meale porke, i meale
fresh fish.

The 5th [August] Readye to depart, the ould King came
to vizite me and desired me staye one daye longer, for
that his man was not yet readye, which Mr. Addams was
much against, not affecting him whome he ment to send
with me. But being butt vpone a matter touching them
selues, and hauing found this Japanner his man verye
honnest and dilligent, allso of good accompt, promised to
staye longer yf it might doe his Majestic anye seruice. I
earnestly intreated Mr. Addams I might haue his Com-
panye this night to fitt diuers businesses, being readye
to depart, and not willing to doe anything but with his
advize. He intreated pardon for he was invited to a
bankett by Spannyards, and tell morning could not
staye with me. Wherefore gaue him leaue to take his
course and make shifte with our ould linguist as well as
we can.

Allowance Beere and biskett, i meale porke, i meale
Rice with oyle.

The 6'h [August] the Kings Gallye was fitted with 25
oares one a side and 40 men. I appointed our Goods to
be sent aboard and 2 English to lye there and looke to it ;
my selfe tooke leaue of the Kings, and went to lye aboard
the shipp, hauing some busines to sett in order. The
gallye came and rid astarne of me.

I deliuered to Mr. Cocks and the master certane
Remembrances, the which ware as followeth, viz.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO fAI'AX. II

To Mr. Rit hard Cocks, CIapk Marchant.

I should haue beene glad To haue had your Companye to the
Emperor, honnest Mr. Cocks, But that by the fiiie^ of this moneth
the marchants of Meacko,- Langasaque and other parts wilbe
heare. So that some good quantytye of our Commodytyes may
be vented ; ' whearefore I leaue you heare, having no doute but,
according to your accustomed care, you will see all matters
ashoare so managed, as there shall appeare no difference between
vs and the Flemings, The reporte of whose rude and blunt
behauiour hath beene the greatest cause That there Goods hatli
not been in such quantytye vented as otherwayes would haue
beene. Mr. Addams is of opinyon that the Emperor will buy all
our munityon and finest sorts of Cambaya goods, Whearefore he
desireth that little or no sale thereof be made, nether of the leade
nor tynne. But pepper, Braud cloath, Olliuants teeth, cloaues
and all the sorts of striped stuffs is fitting to be put of, for that
they be not much requested. And what Braud cloath shalbe
vnsould at my retorne he hopes the Emperor will Take, For being
so evell-Condytyoned, course and hie prised. There is otherwayes
littell hope that it wilbe vented.

I hould it necessarye to leaue no more people with you then 7,
viz. 3 English and 4 Japans. All the rest to repare to the ship])
to helpe the master, with whome I leaue order for there dyatt and
keeping aboard. So that except you haue vse of there helpe,
which, upone notis Giuen the master, shall not be denyed, you
haue no neede to Troble your selfe with them.

I praye haue a care to youre warehowse one the other side.
And confer with the master for the Convenyent placing of the
pouder and pepper. And yf you hould it fitting to haue one lye
ashoare to watch it, the master shall send one out of the shipp.
I will order the purser shalbe readye to assist you, But doe desire
that none of the shipp be lodged in the howse more then your
('ompanye, except vrgent occatyon, as Sicknes etc. I haue allso
apoynted that the Skiff and long boate shalbe allwayes at your
Commaund.

And thus hauing had such good proofe of your discretyon as
I shall not neede to put you further in Rememberance, not
douting but you will obserue a frugall course in all points, I rest

J. S.

' End.

- Miako means " capital city," as does also '' Kioto,'' which has now
become the recognised geographical name of the old capital,

' \'ended.

Il8 THE VOYAGE OF

To THE MASTER, JaMES FOSTER, VIZ.

Master, The tyme requyring my departure for the accompUshing
of businesse with the Emperor, And hauing had Just proofe of
youre honnest care hethertoo, I haue not the least doute but you
will contynew the same, And in my absence so rule and Governe
the Companye, with all matters in the shipp, as I shall think my
selfe happie of the Choise I have made, And the Companye haue
Just cause to requite your paines.

For the order of the Companye, I refer it holye to your Dis-
cretione, To punish according to there misdemenor, and to forgiue
and remit as they shalbe trulye penytent. There allowance lett
it be as at present vsed, and the beere out^ no more drinkings tell
my retorne, except you finde a soberer Course then vsuall. For
it is but evell spent, hauing such aboundance of there one^ in this
place. Yf Jesper the swart-' or ether of the running* Duchmen doe
stand in Great want of aparrell, I praye confer with the purser,
And finding them not indeted in his booke, vse your Discretione,
And as you shall haue hope of there honnesties. But let them
finger no readye monye but what you or the purser see disbursed :
otherwayes you shall see too of them no more. And for Evens
I praye be carefull of him. And as you see fitting ether detane or
deliuer him his Goods and moneye, which for Just reasons I haue
caused to be taken from him.

The purser is not to be tyed to anye howres ; for his busines
is Great with the Cape marchant, And providing of matters as
you shall see fitting for all offices in the shipp ; make no spare^ of
his Companye and Counsell, for of my life you shall finde him an
honnest man, and one which wilbehaue him selfe well. I praye
vizite Mr. Cocks ashoare, and lett him not want the Skiffe and
long boate yf occatyone require it. Faile not to be together once
a weeke, or oftner yf you please, and lasvre'^ will permit. You
shall haue all the Salors which I had ashoare aboard, onlye Dayle
and Fearce, whom I haue vse for. All whatsoever I haue in my
cabbyn or anye other part of the shipp, I Commit to your Charge,
esteeming it most sure.

I praye take a True inuentorye of the rest of victualls. And call
the st[e]ward to accompt weekely, and his bill of the weekes
expence keepe. Let boath the ould and young king be well vsed
when they come to vizite you. And make no spare at such a
tyme. Make shifte as soon as you can to keepe abraud your

1 When the beer is finished. ' 2 Own.

' Apparently the ' Jasper Malconty ' referred to later.
* Sic, fugitive.

^ Parsimony, frugal use ; i.e., have free recourse to his society and
advice. e Leisure.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. II9

flagg ; and shipps comming in or going out, or strangers coming
aboard, vsc your discretyon in giuing of tlicni ordnance.

And thus not douting but you will order all matters in such
fashion as the least discurtesie offered shall not passe (but with
the like), nor anye kindnesse shoud [pass] vnrecjuited, for the
Boorish behauiour in the niollocos is not to be forgotten.

And thus, as alhvayes I haue beene,

your frind,

J. Sa.

The ould King sent me 100 Tayes, acquanting it was the
best quoyne to carryc vp with me for expences by the
waye, desiring pament but in the like.

Allowance Beere and Biskett, i meale porke, i meale
Rice with oyle.

The /til [August] the Master deliuered me certane letters
which he had intersepted of Evenses and one Tottye, a
younker, one of the Carpenters, the said evens ashoare all
night, but tottye aboard, wherein, as per the letters, Tottye
desires him to haue a little forecast in there busincs, and
that he had prouided paper and sealing wax, with other
mater more doutfull, of there pretence^ of running awaye,
as per there letters appeare. And that he purposed to sup
with the Spanish pilat. And this night past, a fellony
being committed in the ship by one John Tomson and
Fransisco. a swart, whoe had broken open a cabbin of one
Collyns, and stolen awaye i sack pepper Contaning 62//.
English, and after the watch [was] sett weare gone ashoare,
but [being] mist, the master and purser went to the sus-
pected places, wheare they found the said fellons and Euens
(eache hauing there hores) ; Euens denyed to goe at pre-
sent aboard, but they inforsed him and the rest. Euens
in the morning [being] examoned conserning the cause of
his disorder, stoode bouldlye in it that he was a man, and

^ Intention.

I20 THE VOYAGE OF

would haue a woman yf he could get hir, and for what past
betwene Tottye and him he said was but in the waye of
curtesie, and to buy him a peece of brancht dammaske.
I conferred with the Master and Mr. Cocks about this
busines, whoe weare of opynyon that for certane he had
compacted with the Spannish pilat, and would run awaye
yf the stricter course weare not taken, and further the
Master Greatlye douted his intising of a great part of the
rest ; wherefor, being readye to imbarke, and willing to
preuent the worst, caused him to be made fast in a chane,
the bilbowes by one of his crue throne ouer board, and
[when] in them formerly would knock them of, and goe
ashoare at his pleasure ; yet left order with the Master, yf
he did see anye hope of amendment in him, not onlye to
lose him, but to lett him haue his commodytyes againe,
sequestred in the pursers hands to preuent his Running
awaye. Tottye was only reproued, being all of opynyon
that without the further intisement of Evense, he would
behaue him selfe well. Tomson and the Swart confest
the fellony, but being younkers and sorrofull had no
punnishment. ^ ^-

I imbarked for the Emperors court, hauing with me lo
English and i Japan, m)' Jurebassa, more Mr. Addams and
his 2 men, Japanners, more a Guardyan and his 3 men,
and one Japanner to carrye my pike, according to the
custome of the Counterye. So that the hole number is
19 persons. I had 13 peeces at setting saile out of the
shipp. Mr. Cocks and the purser went out of the roade
with me, and retorned in the Skiff, by whome I sent worde
to the Master that he should haue a care to lett the Com-
panye haue what victualls in his discretyon he did thinke
fitt. I allso vnderstoode by them that for a certane Richard
Hounsell, the Master his mate, was a priuate stirer of the
Companye to mutenye for fresh victuall, saing it was not
fitt men should be fed in harbor with salte meate, yet to

CAI'TAIN JOHN SARIS TO jATAN. 121

my face secmetli most offityous. God dcliucr me from
such descmbling faiilsc tonged people.

Allowance Bcere and biskett, i mcale fresh fishe, i meale
oat meale with oyle.

Thus much from KnL;land to my departure from l-'craudo
in Japan To the Emperors Courte.

[Wee were rowed through, and amongst djucrs Hands, all
which, or the most part of them, were well inhabited, and
diuers proper Towncs built vpon ihem ; whereof one, called
l<\iccate,^ hath a very strong Castle, built of freestone, but
no Ordnance nor Souldiers therein. It hath a ditch about
fiue fathome deepe, and twice as broad, round about it,
with a draw bridge, kept all in very good repaire. I did
land and dine there in the Towne, the tyde and wind so
strong against vs as that we could not passe. The Towne
seemed to be as great as London is within the wals, very
wel built, and euen, so as you may see from the one end
of the streete to the other. The place exceedingly peopled,
very Ciuill and curteous, onely that at our landing, and
beeing here in Fuccate, and so through the whole Country,
whithersoeuer we came, the boyes, children, and worser
sort of idle people, would gather about and follow along
after vs, crying. Core, Core, Cocor^, Ware,- that is to say.
You Cor^ans with false hearts : wondering, hooping,
hollowing and making such a noise about vs, that we
could scarcely heare one an other speake, sometimes
throwing stones at vs (but that not in many Townes) yet
the clamour and crying after vs was euerywhere alike,
none reproouing them for it. The best aduice that I can
giue those who hereafter shall arriue there, is that they
passe on without regarding those idle rablements, and in

' Hakata.

* Core, interpreted by Saris to mean " Corean." Kokoro -uHiriii is
good Japanese for " bad-hearted."

122 THE VOYAGE OF

SO doing, they shall find their eares onely troubled with
the noise.

All alongst this Coast, and so vp to Ozaca, we found
women diuers, that liued with their houshold and family
in boats vpon the water, as in Holland they do the like.
These women would catch fish by diuing, which by net
and lines they missed, and that in eight fathome depth :
their eyes by ^ontinuall diuing doe grow as red as blood,
whereby you may know a diuing woman from all other
women.

We were two daies rowing from Firando to Fuccate.
About eight or tenne leagues on this side the straights of
Xemina-seque,^ we found a great Towne, where there lay
in a Docke a luncke of eight hundred or a thousand
Tunnes of burthen, sheathed all with yron, with a guard
appointed to keep her from firing and treachery. She was
built in a very homely fashion, much like that which
describeth Noahs Ark vnto vs. The Naturals told vs that
she serued to transport souldiers into any of the Hands,
if rebellion or warre should happen.

We found nothing extraordinary after we had passed
the straights of Xemina-seque, vntill we came vnto Osaca,
where we arriued the twenty seuenth day of August. Our
Galley could not come neere the Towne by sixe miles,
where another smaller Vessell met vs, wherein came the
good man or Host of the house where we lay in Osaca,
and brought a banquet with him of wine and salt fruits to
intertaine me. The boat hauing a fast made to the mast-
head, was drawn by men, as our Barkes are from London
Westward.

We found Osaca to be a very great Towne, as great as
London within the walls, with many faire Timber bridges
of a great height, seruing to passe ouer a riuer there as

^ Shimonoseki.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 123

wide as the Thames at London. Some faire houses we
found there, but not many. It is one of the chiefe Sea-
ports of all lapan ; hauinij^ a Castle in it, marucllous large
and strong, with very decpe trenehes about it, and many
draw bridges, with gates plated with yron. The Castle
is built all of Free-stone, with Bulwarks and Battlements,
with loopc holes for smal shot and arrowes, and diners
passages for to cast stones vpon the assaylants. The walls
are at the least sixe or scucn yards thicke, all (as I said)
of F'ree-stone, without any filling in the inward part with
trumpcrx', as the}- reported vnto me. The stones are great,
of an excellent quarr}', and are cut so exactly to fit the
place where they are laid, that no morter is vsed, but oncly
earth cast betweene to fill vp voyd creuises if any be. In
this Castle did dwell at our beeing there, the sonne of
Tiquasamma,^ who being an infant at the time of his
Fathers decease, was left to the gouernement and education
of foure, whereof Ogoshosamma, the now lunperour, was
one and chiefe. The other three, desirous of Soueraigntie
each for his particular, and repulsed by Ogoshosamma,
were for their owne safetie forced to take vp Armes,
wherein fortune fauouring Ogoshosamma at the triall in
field, two of them beeing slaine, the third was glad to saue
himselfe b\' flight. He beeing Conqueror, attempted that
which formerly (as it is thought) hee neuer dream'd of,
and proclaimed himselfe Emperour, and seazing vpon the
true heire, married him vnto his daughter,- as the onely
meanes to work a perfect reconcilement, confining the
young married couple to Hue within this Castle of Osaca,
attended onely with such as had been brought vp from
their cradles by Ogoshosamma, not knowing any other

^ Tai ko sama. The son is Hideyori.

- It was a grand-daughter, not a daughter, of lyeyasu, that was
married to Hideyori, he being then just ten years old, and she six
only.

124 THE vc)YAc;e of

Father (as it were) then him : So that by their intelligence
he could at all times vnderstand what passed there, and
accordingly rule him.

Right ouer against Osaca, on the other side of the
Riuer, lyeth another great Towne called Sacay,^ but not
so bigge as Osaca, yet it is a Towne of great Trade for all
the Hands thereabout.

The eight and twentieth day at night, hauing left musters
and prices of our Commodities with our Host,^ we parted
from Osaca by Barke towards Fushimi, where we arriued
the nine and twentieth at night.

We found here a Garrison of three thousand Souldiers
maintayned by the Emperour, to keepe Miaco and Osaca
in subiection. The Garrison is shifted euery three yeares,
which change happened to be at our being there, so that we
saw the old Bands march away, and the new enter, in most
Souldier-like manner, marching fine abrest, and to euery ten
files an Officer which is called a Captaine of fiftie, who kept
them continually in verie good order. First, their shot,
viz. Calieuers^ (for Muskets they haue none, neyther will
they vse any) ; then followed Pikes, next Swords, or Cattans
and Targets,* then Bowes and Arrowes ; next those
weapons resembling a Welch-hooke called Waggadashes f

^ Sakai is a seaport town, about 6 n>iles from Osaka to the south,
on the Yamato-gawa river. Saris is evidently speaking from hearsay
when he says ij Hes on the other side of the river, meaning that which
runs through Osaka.

^ It seems to have been the practice of the English factors in Japan
to select in each place they frequented a native " host," who not only
provided them with lodgings when they paid a visit, but in their
absence took care of and sold their commodities.

^ More correctly, caliver, a light kind of musket or harquebus,
originally, it appears, of a certain calibre (whence the name) ; it seems
to have been the lightest portable firearm, e.xcepting the pistol, and
to have been fired without a rest (A New English Dictionary, s.v.)

* Shields.

^ Wakizashi, the name of the short sword, or large dagger, worn
in the belt along with the katana, or sword properly so-called,

e'AI'TAIX JollX SAKl^ io jAI'AX. 1 25

then Calieuers againc, and so as formerly, \vith<jut any
Ensigne or Colours : ncythcr had they any Urummes
or other musicall Intruments for Warre. The first file (jf
the Cattans and Targets had siluer scabberds to their
Cattans, and the last file which was next to the Captaine
h;ul tlieir scabberds of gold. The Companies consisted of
diuers numbers, some fine hundred, some three hundred,
some one hundred and fiftic men. In the midst of euery
Companie were three Horses very richly trapped, and
furnished with Sadies, well set out, some couered with
costly Furres, some with Vcluet, some with Stammet broad-
cloth ; euery Horse had three slaues to attend him, ledde
with silken halters, their eyes couered with lether couers.
After euery Troope followed the Captaine on Horse-backe;
his bed and other necessaries were laid vpon his owne
Horse, equally pcased^ on either side ; ouer the same was
spread a couering of redde felt of China, whereupon the
Captaine did sit crosse-legged, as if hce had sate betwixt a
a couple of panniers : and for those that were ancient or
otherwise weake-backt, they had a stafife artificially fixed
vnto the Pannel, that the Rider might rest himselfe, and
leane backward against it, as if he were sitting in a chairc.
The Captaine Generall of this Garrison wee met two dayes
after we had met his first troop (hauing still in the meane-
time met with some of these Companies as we passed
along, sometimes one league, sometimes two leagues dis-
tant one from another). Hee marched in very great state,
beyond that the others did (for the second Troope was
more richly set out in their armes then the first, and
the third then the second, and so still euery one better
then other, vntill it came unto this the last and best of all).
He hunted and hawked all the way, hauing his owne
Hounds and Hawkes along with him, the Hawkes being

' Poised.

126 THE VOYAGE OF

hooded and lured as ours are. His Horses for his ovvne
Sadie being sixe in number, richly trapped. Their Horses
are not tall, but of the size of our midling Nags, short and
well trust,^ small headed and very full of mettle, in my
opinion farre excelling the Spanish lennet in pride and
stomacke. He had his Pallankin carried before him, the
inside of Crimson Veluet, and sixe men appointed to carrie
it, two at a time.

Such good order was taken for the passing and prouiding
for, of these three thousand Souldiers, that no man either
trauelling or inhabiting vpon the way where they lodged,
was any way iniured by them, but cheerefully entertayned
them as other their guests, because they paid for what they
tooke, as all other men did. Euery Towne and Village
vpon the way being well fitted with Cookes and Victualling
houses, where they might at an instant haue what they
needed ; and dyet themselues from a pennie English a
meale to two shillings a meale.

The dyet vsed generally through the Countrey is Rice
of diuers sorts, one better then other (as our Wheate and
Corne here), the whitest accounted the best, which they
vse in stead of Bread : Fish, fresh and salted ; some
pickeld Herbes, Beanes, Raddishes and other Roots salted
and pickled ; Wild-fowle, Ducke, Mallard, Teale, Geese,
Phesant, Partridge, Quaile, and diuers others, which they doe
powder and put vp in pickle. Of Hens they haue great
store, as likewise of Deere both red and fallow : wild Bores,
Hares, Goates, Kine, etc. Of Cheese- they haue plentie.
Butter they make none, neither will they eate any Milke,
because they hold it to bee as bloud, nor tame beasts.

' Trussed; cp. Robert Greene's Art of Cotiny Caichi?7g, 1592,
*' the horse was .... well biittokt and strongly trussed" (perhaps
means well ribbed up).

2 This must be a mistake of Saris. Perhaps he mistook bean-curd
{tofu) for cheese, which is not known to have at any time formed part
of the diet of the Japanese.

CAPTAIN" JOHN SAKIS To JAPAN. 12/

Of tamo Swine and Pigs they haue great abinulancc.
Wheate they haue as good as any of ours, being red. They
plow both with Oxen and Horse as wee doe hecre. At
our being there, we bought Hens and Phesants of the
best for three pence a piece. Pigs very fat and huge
twelue pence a piece, a fat Hogge fiue shillings. A good
Beefe, such as our Welch Runts,^ at sixteene shillings, a
Goate- three shillings. Rice a halfe-pennie the pound. The
ordinarie drinke of the common people is water, which
with their meate they drinke warme, holding it to bee a
souereignc remedie against VVormes in the maw : other
drinkes they haue none, but what is distilled^ out of Rice,
which is almost as strong as our Aquauitae, and in colour
like to Canarie Wine, and is not deare. Yet when they
haue drawne off the best and strongest, they wring out of
it a smaller and slighter drinke, seruing the poorer sort of
people, which through want cannot reach to the better.

The thirtieth [August] we were furnished with ninetene
Horse at the Emperours charge, to carrie vp our Kings
presents, and those that attended me to Surunga.

I had a Pallankin appointed for me, and a spare Horse
led by, to ride when I pleased, very well set out. Sixe
men appointed to carrie my Pallankin in plaine and euen
ground. But where the Countrey grew hilly, ten men
were allowed me thereto. The Guardian whom King
Foyn sent along with vs, did from time to time and place
to place by warrant take vp these men and Horses to
scrue our turnes, as the Post-masters doe here in England :
as also lodging at night. According to the custome of

' Runt, a young ox or cow ; any undersized animal {^Century Diet.),

2 The mention of goats is remarkable. This is an animal now
scarcely known in Japan, and we suspect a mistake on the part of
Saris.

^ This is evidently the drink called Sake, which is not distilled, but
is a strong rice-beer.

128 THE VOYAGE OF

the Countrey, I had a slaue appointed to runne with a
pike before me.

Thus we trauelled vntill the sixth of September, before
we got to Surunga, each day fifteene or sixteene leagues^
of three miles to a league as we ghessed it. The way for
the most part is wonderfull euen, and where it meeteth
with Mountains passage is cut through. This way is the
mayne Roade of all this Countrey, and is for the most part
sandie and grauell : it is diuided into leagues, and at euery
leagues end are two small hills, viz. of either side of the
way one, and vpon euery one of them a faire Pine-tree
trimmed round in fashion of an Arbor. These markes are
placed vpon the way to the end, that the Hacknie men, and
those which let out Horses to hire, should not make men
pay more then their due, which is about three pence a
league. The Roade is exceedingly trauelled, full of people.
Euer and anon you meet with Farmes and Countrey
houses, with Villages, and often with great Townes, with
Ferries ouer fresh Riuers, and many Futtakeasse- or Foto-
quis, which are their Temples, scituate in Groues and most
pleasantest places for delight of the whole Countrey. The
Priests that tend' thereupon dwelling about the same, as
our Friers in old time planted themselues here in England.

When wee approched any Towne, we saw Crosses with
the dead bodies of those who had been crucified thereupon ;
for crucifying is heere an ordinarie punishment for most
Malefactors. Comming neere Surunga, where theEmperours
Court is, wee saw a Scaffold with the heads of diuers (which
had been executed) placed thereupon, and by were diuers
Crosses with the dead Corpses of those which had been
executed remayning still vpon them, and the pieces of

^ League here seems to be the Japanese r/, equal to 2.45 miles.

- Hotokc is the popular name for a Buddhist deity, not for the
temples dedicated to them.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 1 29

Others, which after their Executions had been hewen
againe and a<^ainc by the triall of others Cattans. All
which caused a most vnsauourie passage to vs, that to
enter into Surunga must needs passe by them. This Citie
of Surunga is full as bigge as London, with all the Suburbs.
The Handi-crafts men wee found dwelling in the outward
parts and skirts of the Towne, because those that are of
the better sort dwell in the inward part of the Citie, and
will not be annoyed with the rapping, knocking, and other
disturbance that Artificers cannot be without.]

The 6^^ [September] we ariued at Sorongo in the morning
verye yearlye.

[As soone as we were settled in our lodging in Surunga,
I sent Master Adams to the Court, to let the Secretarie
vnderstand of my coming, and desire of as speedie dispatch
as might bee. Word was returned that I was welcome,
that I should rest me, and within a day or two I should
haue accesse to the Emperour.

The seuenth was spent in fitting vp of the presents, and
prouiding little Tables of slit deale of that Countrey (which
smelleth verie sweet) to carrie them upon, according to
the custome.]

The 8^h [September] I deliuered the Emperour the King
of Englans letter and his present, Allso a present from
my selfe of my one Goods, being (as Mr. Addams said)
the fashion of the Counterye ; the particulers weare, vi/,.

1 Faire large sattin Quilt, i faire silke Carpett, i shash,

2 peeces Orring Tawnye stuffs, 4//. Allowayes socotryna,

3 very faire holland napkins, very curyouslye wrought.

[I was carryed in my Pallankin to the Castle of Surunga
(where the Emperour kept his Court) and was attended
with my Merchants and others carrying the presents before
me. Being entred the Castle, I passed three draw bridges,
euery of which had a corps of Guard, and comming vp a
pairc of verie faire and large stone staires, I was met by

I30 THE VOYAGE OF

two graue comely men, the one [of] them Codske dona/
the Emperours Secretarie, the other Fungo dono,^ the
Admirall, who led me into a faire roome matted, where
we sat downe crosse-legged vpon the Mats. Anon after
they lead mee betwixt them into the Chamber of Presence,
where was the Emperours Chaire of State, to which they
wished me to doe reuerence. It was of cloth of Gold, about
fiue foot high, very richly set forth for backe and sides, but
had no Canopie ouer-head. Then they returned backe
againe to the place where before they did sit, where hauing
stayed about one quarter of an houre, word was brought
that the Emperour was come forth. Then they rose vp
and led me betwixt them vnto the doore of the roome
where the Emperour was, making signs to me that I should
enter in there, but durst not look in themselues. The
presents sent from our King to the Emperour, as also those
which (according to the custome of the Countrey) I gaue
vnto the Emperour, as from my selfe, were placed in the
said roome vpon the Mats very orderly, before the Emperour
came into it. Comming to the Emperour, according to
our English Complements, I deliuered our Kings Letter
vnto his Maiestie, who tooke it in his hand, and put it vp
towards his fore-head, and commanded his Interpreter, who
sate a good distance from him behind, to will Master
Adams to tell me that I was welcome from a wearisome
iourney, that I should take my rest for a day or two, and
then his Answere should be readie for our King. Then
he asked whether I did not intend to visit his sonne at
Edoo.^ I answered, I did. The Emperour said that order
should be taken to furnish mee with men and Horses for
the Iourney, and against my returne his Letters should be

^ See p. 114.

- The same person as Kongo done, mentioned on p. 115.
3 Since 1868 called Tokio, or Eastern Capital. Usually written
Yedo ; also Jeddo, which is the Dutch spelling.

CAl'TAIN JOHN SARIS TO jAl'AN. 13I

rcadic for our Kiiii^. So takinij my leaucof the ICmperour,
and comming to the doore where I had left the Secretarie
and Admirall, I found them there readie to conduct me to
the staires head where formerly they had met mee, and
there I tooke my Pallankin, and with my Attendants
returned to ni)' lodging.]

The 9^'^ [September] deliuered the secretarye his present,^
which was retorned, saying it ware as much as his life
weare worth yf he should take anye thing, the Emperour
hauing forbidden him, )'et he accepted of 5//. Allowayes
Socotryna. I deliuered him the Articles or demaundes to
to be granted by the Emperour [being in number fourteen],"^
which he desired might be abreuiated [and made as short
as might bee, for that the people of Japan affect brcuitie].

The iQt'i [September] the Articles abreuiated, I sent
them by Mr. Addams to the secrytarye, which weare
deliuered the Emperor, whoe liked well thereof [denying^
one on!}-, which was. That whereas the Chineses had
refused to trade with the English, that in case we should
now take any of them b}' force, that our Nation might haue
Icaue and libertie to bring them into lapan, and there make
sale of the goods so taken. At the first motion, the Em-
perour answered, that seeing they denj^ed vs Trade, we
might take them. But vpon conference with the Lieger*
of China, the Emperours minde was changed, and would
not allow of that Article. The rest were passed vndcr his
great Scale, which is not of Waxe (as ours) but stamped
like a print and coloured red.]

The ii'h [September] I deliuered the mint master his
present [which he took thankfully, and returned to me two
laponian Gownes of Taffata, cjuilted with silk Cotton.]

^ See p. 1 14. ^ Added from Purchas.

^ Refusing.

^ Ambassador : see Embassy of Sir Tlwiiias Roe, \ol. ii, p. 354.

K 2

132 THE VOYAGE OF

The 1 2^1^ [September] I sent Mr. Addams to the mint
master [(being the Emperours Merchant, and hauing
charge of his Mint and readie monies, a man of very great
esteeme with the Emperour, and one that hath vowed that
whensoeuer the Emperour shall dye, he will cut out his
own guts and dye with him)] with a particuler of our
Commodytyes and the prises thereof to be deliuered to the
Emperor, viz.

Tynne, the peecull - - - 030 Tayes

Olliuants Teeth, the peecull - - - 080

Ordnance, the peecull - - - 006

Powder, the peecull - - - 033

Allawayes, the Cattye - - ■■ 006

Fouling peeces, the peece - - - 020

Brand cloath, Callico and kersies, as they weare in Good-
nesse.

And towards nowne departed for Edo to the young
kings Courte, the Emperor furnishing me with 19 hors
and 6 men for my pallankeene, which weare changed at
everye 6 mile or 10 mile, as we shifted horses, and yf it
weare anye hills in the waye 10 men to the pallankeene.

[The Countrey betwixt Surunga and Edoo is well inha-
bited. We saw many Fotoquise or Temples as we passed,
and amongst others one Image of especiall note, called
Dabis,^ made of Copper, being hollow within, but of a very
substantiall thicknesse. It was in height, as wee ghessed,
from the ground about one and twentie or two and twentie
foot, in the likenesse of a man kneeling vpon the ground,
with his buttockes resting on his heeles, his armes of won-
derfull largenesse, and the whole body proportionable. He
is fashioned wearing of a Gowne. This Image is much
reuerenced by Trauellers as they passe there. Some of
our people went into the bodie of it, and hoope and hallowed,

^ Daibutsu, or Big Buddha. The height of this celebrated image
is nearly 50 ft.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 133

which made an exceeding great noyse. We found many
Characters and Markcs made vpon it by Passengers, whom
some of my Followers imitated, and made theirs in like
manner. It standcth in the mainc Roadc of the Pilgrimage
to Tencheday/ which is much frcc[ucnted : for night and
day, rich and poore, are comming and going to visit Tcn-
cheday. M. Adams told me that he had beene at the
Fotoqui or Temple dedicated to this Tencheday, to whom
they make this deuout pilgrimage ; and, as he reported,
there is monthly one of the fairest Virgins of the whole
countrc}' brought into that Fotoqui, and there she sits all
in a roome neatly kept, in a very sober manner, and at
certainc times, this Tencheday (which is thought to be the
Diucll) appearcth vnto her, and hauing knowne her carnally,
Icaucth with her at his departure certaine skales, like vnto
the skales of fishes : what questions shee is willed by the
Bonzees, or Priests of that Fotoqui to aske, Tencheday
resolues : and euer}' moneth a fresh Virgin is taken in ; but
what becomes of the old, Master Adams himsclfe did not
know.]

The fourteenth [September] I arriued at Edo [a Citie
much greater than Surunga, farre fairer building, and made
a very glorious appearance vnto vs ; the ridge-tiles and
corner-tiles richly gilded, the posts of their doores gilded
and varnished : Glasse windowes they haue none, but great
windowes of board, opening in Icaues, well set out with
painting, as in Holland. There is a Cawsey which goeth
thorow the chiefe streete of the Towne ; vnderneath this
Cawsey runneth a Riuer ; at euery fiftie paces there is a
Well-head, fitted very substantially of free- stone, with
buckets for the neighbours to fetch water, and for danger

^ Probably Tenshodaijin, the Sun-goddess, whose chief temple is
at Yamada, in the province of Ise, to which the Japanese people have
always gone on pilgrimage in great numbers. Even Kacmpfcr speaks
of Tenshodaijin as a masculine deity.

134 THE VOYAGE OF

of fire. This streete is as broad as any of our streets in
England.

The fifteenth [September] I gaue the Kings Secretary,
Sadda-dona, to vnderstand of my arriuall, requesting him
him to let the King know thereof]

The 17'h [September] I deliueied the King his present,
And another from my selfe, viz. i verye faire Turkey
Carpett, i shash, i peece Tapseele and i peece white
Byramme.

[The King kept his Court in the Castle of Edoo, which
is much fairer and stronger than that of Surunga, Hee was
better guarded and attended vpon then the Emperour his
Father. Sadda-dona, the Kings Secretary, is father to
Codske-dona, the Emperours Secretary,^ whose yeeres
affoording better experience hee is therefore appointed to
haue the gouernment and direction of the yong King, who
(at our being there) we esteemed to be aged about two and
fortie yeeres.-

My entertainment and accesse to the King heere was
much like to the former at Surunga with the Emperour.
He accepted very kindly our Kings Letters and Presents,
bidding me welcome, and wishing me to refresh my selfe,
and his Letters and Presents to our King should be made
readie with all speed.]

The ipt'i [September] I deliuered the secrytarye his
present. [This day two and thirtie men being commanded
to a certaine house for not paying their debts, and being
in the stockes within the house, the house in the night
time by casualtie fiered, and they were all burnt to death.]
And towards evening the King sent 2 varnished Armors, a
present to his Majesty the King of England, Allso a Tatch^
[or long sword, (which none weare there but souldiers of
the best ranke)] and a wagadash a present from him to

^ Cp. p. 114. 2 Hq ^.jjg born in 1579. ^ Tachi.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. I 35

my selfc. [From Edoo to the Northcrmost part of lapan,
it is esteemed two and tvventie dayes iourney by horse,
little more or lesse.]

The 21^'^ [September] I tooke boate from Edo to Oring
Gaue^ To pervse the harbor and to haue barganed with
Mr. Addams for the hull of a shipp which was the span-
yards ; allso to looke vpone certane wares of Meaco, which
he had there of the Spanyards to sell, wheareof we bought
for the Companye, viz. i Case of Trunkes, two greate
Scritoryes,- Eight Beobs,^ two smalle scritoryes and a
Trimming box. The shipp he asked loo/z*. for, and would
abate nothing thereof, which to our Judgements was vcrye
deare.

The 22. 23. and 24'^ [September] we remaned at Oring-
gaw. It was thought fitting, and was bestowed vpon
Mistris Addams^ for a present, in regard to hir husbands
kindnes, these parcells, viz.

one siluer and Gilt Cup, poiz. 6 oz., at 7s.

per oz. - - - - rials 010.2

I peace of liafta of 10 rials per corge - rials 000 . 2

I peece of Byrames at 15 rials per Corge - rials 001 . 2

rials 012 . 2

More to Mr. Addams his wyfes sister and there mother,
viz.

I peece Bafta of 10 rials per Corge - rials 000 . 2

1 peece Byramme of 15 rials per Corge - rials 000 . 3

2 peeces Redd Sellas at 10 rials per Corge - rials 001 . —

rials

^ Uraga, a small harbour just outside the entrance to the Bay of
Yedo (Tukio).

- Escritoires, or writing-desks, possibly from the Port, escritorio.
A printed list of lacquered goods imported by the East India Company
in 1700 includes a number of " escretors.''

■'' Biobu, or folding screen. The Spanish language has adopted this
word in the form Biombo.

■* Adams' native wife.

136 THE VOYAGE OF

The 25"^ [September] I departed from Oronggaw for
Sorongo.

The 29th [September] we ariued at Sorongo back from
Edo.

[Note that Oringgaw is a very good harbour for shipping,
where ships may ride as safely as in the Riuer of Thames
before London, and the passage thereto by Sea very
safe and good : so that it will be much better for our
shipps to saile thither then to Firando, in respect that
Oringgaw is vpon the maine Island, and is distant from
Edoo (the chiefe Citie) but fourteene or fifteene leagues.
The place is not so well replenished with victuall and
fleshmeat as Firando is, which want only excepted,
Oringgaw is for all other matters to be preferred before
Firando.

At my returne to Surunga, I found a Spanish Embas-
sadour arriued there from the Philippinas, who only had
sight of the Empcrour, and deliucred him his presents,
which were certaine China Damaskes, and fiue larres of
sweet wine of Europe. After the first time, he could not
obtaine accesse to the Emperour. His Embassage was,
that such Portugals and Spaniards as were within his
Dominions, not authorized by the King of Spaine, might
be deliuered vp unto him to carry away to the Philippinas :
which the Emperour denyed to doe, saj'ing. That his
Countrey was a free Country, and none should be forced
out of it ; but if the Embassadour could perswade any to
go, they should not be staled. This comming of the Spanish
Embassadour for men, was caused by the great want of
men they had to defend the Molucca Hands from the
Dutch, who then made great preparation for the absolute
conquest thereof After that the Embassadour had attended
for the Emperours answere the time limitted him by his
Commission, seeing it came not, hee departed discontented.
But being at the Sea-side, there was an answere returned

The Shogun Hidetada.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 1 37

for him to cany, with a slender Present, viz. flue lapan
Gownes, and two Cattans or Swords.]

October, 161 3. The 8"i the Secrytarye sent me the
Emperors letter to the king of England, acquanting me
that there was mentyon of 10 Bcobes for a present in
another paper by itselfe, which should be dcliuercd me at
Meacko. Mr. Addams procured the letter to be translated,
the Copp}'e wheareof folio weth :

To THE King of Great Brittone.

Your Majestys kinde letter sent me by your seruant, Captain
John Saris, which is the first that I haue knowne to ariue in anye
part of my dominyons, I heartelye imbrace, Beeing not a little
glad to heare of your great wisdome and power, hauing 3 mightye
and plentyfull kingdomes vnder your worthie Commaund, Ac-
knoledging your Majestys Great bountye in sending me so
vndeserved a present of manye rare things such as my land
affoardeth not, nether haue I before tyme scene. The which I
Receave, not as from a stranger, but from your Maiestie, whome
I esteeme as myselfe, desiring the Continuance of Frindshipp with
your highnes, And that it may stand with your good liking To
send your subjects to anye part or portc of my dominyons, wheare
they shalbe most heartelye welcome ; Applauding much there
worthines in the Admirable knoledge of navigatyon, hauing with
much facellytye discouered so remote a place, being no whit
•amased with the distance of so mightie a Gulfe, nor Greatnes of
such infinite cloudes and stormes, from prosecuting honnorable
enterprises of discoueryes And marchandising, in which they shall
finde me to further them according to there desires.

I retorne your Majestic a smale Token of my loue by your said
subiect, desiring you to accept thereof, as from him which reioyseth
much in your frindshipp.

And whereas your Majestys Subiects haue desired certane
priualeges for Trade and settling of a factorye in my Dominyons,
I haue not only granted to what they demaunded. But haue giucn
it vnder my brand scale For the better performance thereof
From my castell in Sorongo this 4 daye of the 9 moneth, and in
the 18'^ yeare of our Darye^ according to our Computacion.
Resting your Majesties Frind, hiest Commander in this kingdome
of Japan.

Minna Monttono, yei. ye. yeas.^

1 Dairi, a synonym for Emperor. The date is the iSth year of the
chronological period Keiclio = 16 13.
^ Or as it would now be written, Minamoto no lyeyasu.

138 THE VOYAGE OF

I allso Receiued the Emperors priualeges for Trade in
Japan, the Translation wheareof Followeth, viz.

The Coppie verbatim of the Emperor of Japan his priueiages,
Granted in the name of the Right hon?iored Knight Sir Thomas
Smith, Governor of the East Indya Company e, for the vse of
the 8'^ voyage And obteyned by me, John Saris, viz.

Inprimis, We glue free lycence to the king of Englands
svbiects, Sir Thomas Smith, Governor and Companye of the east
Indya marchants, for ever safelye to come into anye our portes or
Empire of Japan with there shippes and marchandies, without
anye hinderance to them or there Goods ; And to abide, buy, sell
and Barter, according to there one mannor, with all natyons ;
And to Tarrye so long as they will, And depart at there pleasvres.

Item, We Grant vnto them free Custome of all such marchan-
dies as they haue or hereafter shall bring into our kingdom, or
shall Transport to anye forrane part, And doe by these presents
authorise The heareafter shipps To make present saile of there
Commodyties, without further Comming or sending up to our
Courte.

Item, yf there shippes shalbe in danger to be lost and perish.
Wee will that our Svbiects not onlye assist them, But what shalbe
saued To retorne it to the Captane marchant or there assignes
And that they shall build in anye part of our Empire wheare they
thinke fittest, And at departure to make free saile of there howse
or howses at there pleasure.

Item, yf anye of them shall die in these our Domynyons, the
Goods of the deceased shalbe at the dispose of the Cape marchant.
And that all offences Committed by them shalbe at the said
marchants discretione to punnish. And our lawes to take no
hould either of there persons or Goods.

Item, we will that yee our svbiects. Trading with them for anye
there Commodities, paye them according to agreement without
delaye or retorne of there wares.

Item, All such there merchandies, which at present or heareafter
shalbe brought, meete for owr seruice. Wee will that no arest be
made thereof. But that present pament be made according to
agreement And at such prisies as the Cape marchant can att
present sell them for.

Item, we will that [if] in discouerye of anye other places of
Trade or retorne of there shippes. They shall haue neede of men
or victualls, That yee our subjects furnish them for there monye
as there neede shall require. And that without our further passe
They shall sett out and Goe in discouerye for Yeadzo, or anye
other part in or aboute our Empire.

Erom our Castell in Sorongo, This first daye of the 9'^' moneth

CATTAIX JOHN SARIS TO JATAX. 1 39

and in the 18''' yeare of our Daryc According to our Computacion.
Sealed with our hraude Seale &c.

Minna Mottoni-:, yei. ye. yeas.

The 9^'i [October] we departed from Sorongo.

[About a month before my coming thither the lunperor,
being displeased with the Christians, made proclamation
that they should forthwith remoue and carry away all their
Churches to Langasacque, a Towne situate on the Sea-side,
and distant frcMH I'irando about eight leagues : And that
no Christian Church should stand, nor Masse be sung,
within ten leagues of his Court, vpon paine of death. A
while after, certaine of the Naturalls, being scucn and
twentie in number (men of good fashion), were assembled
together in an Hospitall, appointed by the Christians for
Lepers, and there had a Masse : whereof the Emperour
being informed, commanded them to be shut vp in an
house for one night, and that the next day the)' should
suffer death. The same euening another man for debt was
clapt vp in the same house, being an Heathen at his •
comming in, and ignorant of Christ and his Religion : But
(which is wonderfull) the next morning, when the Officer
called at the doore for those which were Christians to come
forth, and goe to ocecution, and those which were not, and
did renounce the same, to stay behind : this man in that
nights space was so instructed by the other, that resolutely
he came out with the rest, and was crucified with them.]'

^ According to Bartoli (// Giappone, p. 676) the order to pull down
the churches was given in 16 12. Padre Viera, in a letter dated
Nagasaki, March i5th, 161 3, says that Hidetada had banished the
Franciscans from Yedo the previous year, and ordered the little church
they had to be pulled down. The order to remove the churches was
not so extensive as the text suggests, for the Jesuits were allowed to
remain in possession of theirs at Kioto (which in fact Saris, a little
further, speaks of having visited), though they had to give up their
house there (Bartoli, /. c). But Father Luis Sotelo, a well-known
Franciscan, had built himself a little chapel at Asakusa, where he
celebrated mass for a small number of Christians. These were
arrested, eight of them were beheaded August i6th, 1613, and on the

I40 THE VOYAGE OF

The i6"i [October] I came to Meacko, vvheare I remaned
for the Emperors present to the King of England till the
19th dicto.

[In our passage towards Miaco from Surunga, we had for
the most part much raine, whereby the waters did so rise,
that we were forced to stay by the way, so that it was the
sixteenth of October before we got thither.

Miaco is the greatest Citie of lapan, consisting most
vpon merchandizing. The chiefe Fotoqui or Temple of
the whole countrey is there, being built of freestone, and is
as long as the Westerne end of Saint Pauls in London,
from the Ouier, being as high arched and borne vpon
pillars as that is : where many Bonzees^ doe attend for
their maintenance, as the priests among Papists. There is
an Altar whereon they doe offer Rice and small money,
called Cundryns'-^ (whereof twentie make one shilling
English) which is employed for the vse of the Bonzees.
Neare vnto this Altar there is an Idoll, by the Natiues called
Mannada,^ made of Copper, much resembling that of Dabis
formerly spoken of, but is much higher, for it reacheth vp
to the very Arch. This Fotoqui was begun to be built by
Taicosania"* in his lifetime, and since his sonne hath pro-
ceeded to the finishing thereof, which was newly made an
end of when wee were there. Within the inclosure of the
walls of this Fotoqui there are buried (by the report of

following day fourteen more suffered the same fate (Letter of Bishop
Cerqueira, Nagasaki, October 6th, 161 3). The same letter speaks of
six others, of whom one died in prison, the remaining five being
executed. This makes the twenty-seven, as stated by .Saris. The
Bishop also says that one of these six was a heathen, who was baptized
in the prison, and was beheaded along with the rest.

1 The western pronunciation of dozu = monk or priest, also applied
to persons of other professions, e.^cf., doctors, who used to shave their
heads.

^- Candareens, i.e. the small copper coin usually called " cash."

" Apparently a mistake or misprint for Amida.

* Hideyoshi, popularly known as Taiko sama.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. I4I

the inhabitants) the Eares and Noses of three thousand
Corcans, which were massacred at one time. Vpon their
graue is a mount raised, with a Pyramid on the toppe
thereof; which mount is greene, and very neatly kept.
The horse that Taicosania last rode on, is kept neare vnto
this Fototjui, hauing neucr been ridden since, his hooffes
being extraordinarily growne with his age, and still
standing there.

The Fotoqui standeth vpon the top of an high hill, and on
either side, as yee mount vp to it, hath fiftie pillars of free-
stone, distant ten paces one from the other, and on euery
pillar a Lanterne, wherein euery night lights are maintained
of Lampe-oyle. In this Citie of Miaco, the Portugall
lesuits haue a very stately Colledge, wherein likewise are
diuers lesuits, Naturall laponians, which preach, and haue
the new Testament^ printed in the Japan language. In
this Colledge are many laponian children trayned vp, and
instructed in the rudiments of Christian Religion, according
to the Romish Church. There are not lesse than fine or
sixe thousand laponians in this Citie of Miaco professing
Christ.

Besides the Fotoqui before described, there are many
other Fotoquis in this Citie. Ttie Tradesmen and Arti-
ficers are distributed by themselues, euery Occupation and
Trade in their seuerall streets, and not mingled together,
as heere with vs.

At Miaco we stayed, expecting the Emperours Present,
which at length was deliuered to me out of the Castle,
being ten Beobs, or large Pictures to hang a chamber with.]

The 20^'^ [October] we departed from meacco And came
at night to Fusheme. The 21^'^ about noone ariued at
Ozacka.

^ This seems to be a mistake. The Jesuit letters mention many
religious books translated into Japanese, but not any portion of the
Bible.

142 THE VOYAGE OF

[Heere wee found the people very rude, followinfr vs.
crying, Tosin, Tosin,^ that is, Chinaes, Chinaes ; others
calh'ng vs Core, Core, and flinging stones at vs ; the grauest
people of the Towne not once reprouing them, but rather
animating of them, and setting them on.]

The 24th [October] at night we all imbarked for Ferando.
The Kings Gallye ever since she landed me heare hauing
stayed for me at the King of Ferandos charge.

November, 161 3. The 6^^ { ariued at Ferando about 10
of the clock in the morning, and had 7 peeces ordnance at
entring aboard, and 5 peeces at going ashoare to the
English howse, Mr. Addams and his Brother in lawe in
companye with me.

[All this while our people sold little, the custome of the
Countrey being that without expresse permission from the
Emperour, no stranger may offer goods to sale. Besides,
our chiefest commoditie intended for those parts being
Broad-cloth (which, according to former intelligence, had
lately been sold there at fortie Rialls of eight the matte,
which is two yards, as aforesaid) the Natiues were now
more backward to buy then before, because they saw that
we our selues were no forwarder in wearing the thing
which wee recommended vnto them. For, said they, you
commend your Cloath vnto vs, but you your selues
weare least thereof, the better sort of you wearing Silken
garments, the meaner Fustians, etc. Wherefore hoping
that good counsell may (though late) come to some good
purpose, I wish that our Nation would be more forward
to vse and spend this naturall commoditie of our owne
Countrey ; so shall wee better encourage and allure others
to the entertainment and expence thereof]^

^ Tojin, literally Chinaman. This cry may still be heard. Corc^
seems to be Korai, Corea (cp. p. 121).

2 Here we break off Saris's narrative for a while, to follow the
course of events in Hirado durinjj his absence.

CAl'TAIN JOHN SAKIS TO JAl'AN. I43

Relation of Master Richard Cockes, Cape Meir/iatit, Of
xvhat past in the Generals absence going to the Eni-
perours Court}

The scucnth of August, all things being in a readinesse,
our General!, in company of Master Adams, departed from
Firando towards the Emperours Court of lapan, and tooke
with him Master Tempest Peacocke, Master Richard
Wickham, Edward Saris, Walter Carvvarden, Diego Fer-
nandos, lohn Williams a Taylor, lohn Head a Cooke,
Edward Bartan the Chirurgions Mate, lohn lapan lure-
basso, Richard Dale, Cox Swaine, and Anthonie Ferre a
Sayler, with a Caualeere of the Kings for Guardian and
two of his Seruants, and two Seruants of M. Adams.
And so they departed in a Barke or Barge of the Kings,
which rowed with some twentie Oares on a side, and had
thirteene Peeces of Ordnance shot off at departure.

I went to complement with the two Kings (as being sent
from the Generall), to giue them thankes for prouiding so
well for him for his lourney ; they tooke it kindl}'. And
I verily thinkc the old King tooke notice of some of our
mens euill behauiour this last night. For he willed me to
put the Master in minde to looke well to them aboord, and
that I should hauc a care on shoare, that matters might be
as well managed in the Generals absence as when hee was
heere present ; otherwise, the shame would bee ours, but
the dishonour his. Wind a stiffe gale at North-east most
part of the day, but calme all night.

The ninth [August] a Japan Boy, called luan, came and
offered me his seruice, hee speaking good Spanish, asking
me nothing but what I pleased, and so to serue nine or
ten yearcs, and to goe with me for England, if I pleased.
I entertayned him, the rather because I did find the luri-

* From Fiinluts ttis Fih^riiitcs^ vol. i, pp. 395-405.

144 THE VOYAGE OF

basso Migell, which Master Adams left with me, to bee
something stubborne, and loued to runnc abroad at his
pleasure, leauing mee without any one that could speake
a word. I bought him two lapan Garments cost me four-
teen Mas. Hee is a Christian and most of his Kinred
dwell at Langasaque : only one dwelleth heere, who came
with him and passed his word for him. Hee serued a
Spaniard three yeares at Manilias.

The thirteenth [August] I shewed our commodities to
certaine Merchants of Maioco,^ but they bought nothing,
only their chiefe desire was to haue had Gun-powder.
Semidone- went aboord the ship to accompany certaine
strange Caualeroes, and afterward hee brought them to see
the English House. I gaue them the best entertaynment
I could.

The nineteenth [August] at night, began the great Feast
of the Pagans, they inuiting their dead kindred, banquetting
and making merry all night with candle-light at their
graues : this Feast endured three dayes, and as many nights.
And very strict command was giuen from the King, that
euery house should grauell the street before their doores,
and hang out candle-light in the night : in doing whereof
I was not slacke ; and as I was informed, a poore man was
put to death, and his house shut vp, for disobeying therein.
The China Captaine furnished me with a couple of paper
Lanternes very decent. And I was informed the Kings
would ride about the streets, and come to visite me : so I
made readie a banquet, and expected them vntil after
midnight ; but they came not at all.

On the twentieth, one and twentieth, and two and
twentieth [August], I sent presents to both the Kings
(being informed that it was the vse of the Countrey) of

^ Miako, the modern Kioto.

^ Evidently the same person as Saris's Sima done.

CAPTAIN JOHN SAKIS TO JAPAN. I45

Wine and banquetting stuffe ; as likewise to Nobesane/ the
youiiL^ Kings brother, and to Semidone, the old Kings
Goucrnour, and Vnagense, which were well accepted.
Some Caualeros came to visite our house, and rcceiucd
the best entertainment I could giue.

On the three and twentieth [August], we made an end
of landing our Gun-powder, being in all ninety nine
barrells, of which I aduised the Generall by letter to
rcserue conuenicnt store for ourselues, if he sold the
Emperour the rest. We landed diuers other things, which
things the Master thought good to send ashore, because
our men begin to filtch and steale, to go to Tauernes and
Whore-houses. The Purser, Master Melsham and my selfe
dined at Semydones this day : and the Master and Master
Eaton were likewise inuited, but did not goe. He vsed vs
kindly.

This day the great Feast made an end, and three com-
panies of Dancers went vp and downe the Towne with
flags and banners, their musicke being Drummcs and
Pans ;- at the sound whereof they danced at euery great
mans doore, as also at all their Pagods and Sepulchres.

The foure and twentieth [August], at night all the
streets were hanged with candle-light, for that the yong
King and his brother, with Nabesone, Semydonc, and
many others went with a Maskarado, or to dance at the
old Kings house : the yong King and his brother were
mounted on horse-back, and had Canopies caried ouer
them ; the rest went on foote, and the musicke was
Drummes and Kettles, as aforesaid : and Nabesone winded
a Phifc. I was informed they meant to visite the English
House at their back returne : so I sate vp vntill after mid-
night, hauing a banquet in readinesse, and in the end they
returned confusedly, and out of order ; so I thinke there

' But sec p. 82, note 3. ''■ Kettledrums, see below.

146 THE VOYAGE OF

was some discontent. Once^ none of them entred into the
English house. Captaine Brower went along by the doore,
but would not looke at vs, and we made as little account
of him.

The seuen and twentieth [August] we landed other three
peeces of Ordnance, viz. all whole Culuerin, all which sixe
peeces are Iron Ordnance. The old King came downe
when they were about it, and seeing but twentie men,
offered them seuentie or an hundred lapans tohelpe them ;
but very quickly, in his sight, our men got them ashore,
which he maruelled at, and said an hundred of his men
would not haue done it so soone ; so hee sent for a barrell
of wine, and certaine fish, and gaue it to our people for
labouring so lustily.

The eight and twentieth [August] I receiued two letters
from our Generall, by the Gouernour of Shimonaseke,
dated the nineteenth and twentieth of this moneth, with
two other from Master Peacock, and Master Wickham.
This Gouernour came not ashore at Ferando, but deliuered
the Letters aboord to the Master, and so went directly for
Langasaque, and promising to returne hither shortly.
Also I carried a letter to the old King Foyne, which the
said partie brought : Master Melsham, and Harnando ac-
companied me. The King gaue a Cattan to Master
Melsham, and another with a Spanish Dagger to Har-
nando, and gaue both me and them certaine bunches of
Garlick, and gaue vs leaue to drie our Gun-powder on the
toppe of the Fortresse ; offering vs of his people to helpe
ours, if they thought good. And I receiued a land into the
English House two and twentie barres of lead, and put
into our new lodge an hundre[d] and twentie fiue Culuerin
shot, round and langrell. And as wee were going to Supper,

^ Cocks, in his letters, continually uses this word as a term of em-
phasis, equivalent to " for certa

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. I47

the old King came and supped with vs, bcinj^ very merry,
and tooke such fare as we had, in good part.

The first of September, the old King, with all the Nobi-
litie, made a Maskerado ; and this night following went to
visite the yong King his Grand-child, with musicke as
aforesaid, all the streets being hanged with Lanternes ;
and I was informed he meant to visite our English House
at returne. So I made readie for him, and stayed his re-
turne till after midnight ; but he passed by with the rest of
the company, and entred not into the House. I thinke
there was not so few as three thousand persons in company
with him, which I make account was the occasion he went
by, because he would not trouble us.

The second [September] Semydon and others, being
appointed by the King, measured all the houses in the
street ; our English house being measured amongst the
rest. I vnderstand it was for a generall taske ^ to bee paid
for making Fortresses by the Emperours appointment. I
entertained them to content.

The fourth [September] we had newes the Oueene of
Spaine was dead, and the King a Suter to the Princes
Elizabeth of England.'^

The sixt [September] a Caualero, called Nombosque,
came to visite our English House, and brought mee a
present of two great bottells of wine, and a basket of
Peares. I gaue him the best entertainment I could, and
he departed content.

The seucnth [September] in the morning much raine,
with wind cncreasing all day and night variable, from the
East to the South, and in the night happened such a

^ A misprint for " tax."

" Philip III. became a widower in the autumn of 161 1, and early in
the following year overtures were made for his marriage with the
Princess Elizabeth. Nothing, however, came of the negotiations. See
Gardiner's History of England, vol. ii, p. 151.

L 2

148 THE VOYAGE OF

\ storme or Tuffon/ that I neuer saw the like in all my
life ; neither was the like scene in this Countrey in mans
memory, for it ouerthrew aboue an hundred houses in
Firando, and vncouered many others ; namely, the old
Kings house, and blewdowne a long wall which compassed
the yong Kings house, and carryed away boughes or
branches of trees : and the Sea went so high, that it
vndermined a great Wharfe or Key at the Dutch House,
and brake downe the stone-wall, and carryed away their
Staires, and sunke and brake them two Barkes ; as also
fortie or fiftie other Barkes were broken and sunke in the
Roade. It brake downe our Kitchen wall at the English
House, which was newly made, and flowed into our Ouen,
and brake it downe, and blew downe the tyles, and
vncouered part both of the house and kitchen, and the
house did shake like as if there had beene an Earthquake.
I neuer passed night in all my life in such feare, for the
barbarous vnruly people did runne vp and downe the
streets all night with fire-brands, that the wind carried
great coales quite ouer the tops of houses, and some
houses being carryed away, the wind whirled vp the fire
which was in them, and carried it into the ayre in great
flakes, very fearefull to behold ; so that the greatest feare I
had was that all would haue been consumed with fire. And
I verily thinke it had, had it not been for the extreame raine
which fell (contrary to the true nature of a Tuffon), being
accompanied with lightning and thunder. Our shippe
roade at an anchor with fiue Cables, and as many Anchors,
whereof one old Cable burst, but God be thanked no other
hurt done. Our long Boat and Skiffe were both driuen
from the shippe, yet both recouered againe. And, as it is
said, it did more hurt at Langasaque then heere, for it

^ Or Typhoon, as it is now spelt. This orthography, which is used
by Cocks throughout his Diary (Hakluyt Society), does not support
the popular etymology, i.e.^ tai-feng, great wind.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. I49

brake abouc twcntic China lunckcs, and the Spanish
ship which brought the Embassadour from the Manilleas
or PhiHppinas.

The twelfth [September] two Merchants of Miaco came
to our Enghsh house, vnto whom I shewed all our
Commodities. They laid by two broad-cloths, viz. a
StammeP and a Blacke, the best they could find, and
offered seuen Tais lapan money the yard. Also they saw
our Priaman " Gold, and offered eleuen Tais Japan plate,
for one Tais Gold : but went away without doing an)-
thing.

Francis Williams beeing drunke ashoare, did strike one
of the old Kings men with a cudgell, which gaue him no
occasion at all, nor spake a word to him.-^ The man came
to the English house, and complained, being very angry
(and not without cause), giuing me to vnderstand that he
would informe the King his Master how he was misused
by our people. He had three or foure in Company with
him, who did see him abused, and that he which did it was
newly gone aboord the ship. I gaue them faire words, and
desired them to go aboord, and find out the partie, and
they should see him punished to their contents ; and to
that effect, sent Miguell our lurebasso along with them.
So they found out the said Williams, who would haue
denied it, if the matter had not been too manifest ; but he
stood stiffely against it with oathes. Yet the Master
caused him to be brought to the Capstaine in their
presence, which they seeing, intreated for his pardon,
knowing he was drunke ; but he was so vnruly, that he

^ In Cocks's Diary this word is always "stammet;" so also in
Saris.

'•^ See Note on p. 5.

^ " Of many misdemeanours, I permit some to passe the Presse
that the cause of so many deaths in the Indies, might be found rather
to be imputed to their owne than the Elements distemper, and for a
caueat to others which shall send, or be sent into Ethnicke Regions ;
yet doe I concealc the most and worst." — Marginal note by Purchas.

150 THE VOYAGE OF

tooke vp a crow of Iron to haue stricken the fellow in
presence of the Master, vsing the Master in very bad
termes.

The thirteenth [September] I vnderstood that Foyne,
the old King of Firando, was sicke, whereupon I sent
Miguel our lurebasso to visit him, and to carry a Present
of one great bottle of the Generals sweet wine, and two
boxes of Conserues, Comfits, and Sugar-bread, offering him
my Seruice, beeing very sory to heare of his sicknesse,
and that I would haue come my selfe, but that I knew
company was not pleasing to sicke men. He tooke my
Present in very good part, and returned me many thanks :
wishing me not to let to aske for any thing we had need of,
either for the ship or ashoare, and he would giue such order
as we should be furnished.

The foureteenth [September] in the morning betimes,
the Master came ashoare, and told me that most part of the
ships company had lien ashoare all night without asking
him leaue, notwithstanding the great wind which had con-
tinued all night, and the ship on ground. So he willed me
to let Miguell our lurabasso goe along with him to seeke
them out, which I was content he should doe, and would
haue accompanied him my selfe, but he was vnwilling,
telling me it was needlesse. But M. Melsham, the Purser,
went along with him, and he found diuers drinking and
domineering ; he bestowed blowes amongst some of them,
and notwithstanding the Master had commanded Lambart
and Colphax to retire aboord, yet they staid ashoare all
day, notwithstanding the great need was aboord about
ships businesse, diuers lapans being hired to helpe them.
And Lambart and Colphax being drunke, went into the
field and fought, Lambart being hurt in the arme, and
remained drunken ashoare all night, as Boles did the like,
and so had done two or three nights before, and quarrelled
with Christopher Euans, about a whoore,

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. I51

The seuenteeth of September, 1 was tjiuen to vndcr-
stand [that] Bastian, which keepeth the whoorc-house,
i^aue it out that if I came any more into his house toseeke
for our people, he would kill me and such as came with
me. Whereupon I went and complained to the young
Kini;, because the old was sicke ; and at my request, the
Kin^ made Proclamation that no Japanese should receiue
any of our people into their houses after day light was done,
vpon great paine, and that it should be lawfull for me, or
any other that accompanied me, to goe into any lapans
liouse to seeke for our men, without any molestation ; and
that they themselues should aide and assist me ; and if the
doore[s] were not opened at my comming, I might lawfully
breake them downe ; and a souldiour was sent to Bastian
to signifie vnto him he should take heed he did not molest
or disturbe me in my proceedings : for if he did, he should
be the first that should pay for it. This angred our people
in such sort that some of them gaue it out they would
drinke in the fields, if they might not be suffered to doe it
in the Towne ; for drinke they would, although they sought
it in the countrey.

The sixe and twentieth [September] Nouasca dona came
to visit me at the English house, and brought me two
bottles of wine, seuen loaues fresh bread, and a dish of
flying fish ; and as he was with me, the old King came by
the doore, and said he met two men in the street as he
came along, which hee thought were strangers, and none
of our people ; wherefore he willed that Swanton and our
lurebasso might goe along with one of his men, and he
would shew them to them ; which they did, and found it
was lohn Lambart and lacob Charkc, who were drinking
water at a doore in the streete as he passed by. I was
glad the King looked so neare after them ; for it caused
our men to haue a better care of their proceedings.

The seuen and twentieth [September] M. William Paul-

152 THE VOYAGE OF

ing, Masters mate, hauing been long sicke of a consump-
tion, died at the English house, whereof I aduertised the
old King by Miguel our lurebasso, desiring a buriall place
for him among the Christians, which he graunted me. So
we put the dead corps into a winding sheete and coffind it
vp, letting it rest till morning. Then the Master and
diuers others of the ships company came to the English
house, to accompanie the dead corps to the graue, and then
were we giuen to vnderstand that of force we must trans-
port it by water as farre as the Dutch house, onely because
the Bose (or Priests) would not suffer vs to pass through
the streets (with the dead corps) before their Pagod or
Temple. So the Master sent for the Skiffe, and conueied
the dead body by water to the place aforesaid, we going
all by land, and met it, and so accompanied it to the place
of buriall ; the Purser going before, and all the rest follow-
ing after ; the coffin being couered with a Holland sheet,
and vpon that a Silke quilt, we being followed with many
of that countrey people, both young and old. And after
the corps was enterred, we returned all to the English
house, and there made collation, and so our people re-
turned aboord about ships business. I had almost forgot
to note down, that we had much adoe to get any one of
these country people to make the graue that a Christian
was to be buried in ; neither would they suffer the dead
corps to be conueied by water in any of their boates.

The King commaunded that all the streetes in Firando
should be made cleane, and channell rowes made on either
side to conuey away the water, the streetes being grauelled,
and the channels couered oer with flat stones ; which
worke was all done in one day, euery one doing it before
his owne house. It was admirable to see the diligence
euery one vsed therein. Our house w^as not the last a
doing, the Captain Chinesa (our Landlord) setting men
a worke to doe it.

CArTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 1 53

The thirtieth [September] certaiiic Merchants of Miaco
came and had sii^ht of all our commodities, and laid out
the best Stammell cloth we had, and offered twelue Tais
a fathomc for it, and so departed without doinjr any thing.

We haci extream winds both day and night, so that we
thought another Tuffon had becne come ; for all the fisher-
men haled their boates on shoare, and euery one bound
fast the couering of their houses : for a Bose (or Coniurer)
had told the King (a week since) that this tempest would
come.

Our Chirurgion being in his pots, came into a house
where a Bose was coniuring for a woman, to know of
her husbands or friends returne from Sea. So when he
had done he gaue him three pence to coniure againe, and
tell him when our General would returne for this place,
which in the ende he assured him would be within eighteene
da\-es. Hee^ said hee heard a voice answer him from behind
a wall, both when he coniured for the woman, as also when
he coniured for himselfe.

The second of October, the Master sent me word that
some of our ships company had runne away with the Skiffe,
viz. lohn Bowles, lohn Sares, lohn Tottie, Christopher
Euans, Clement Locke, lasper Malconty, and lames the
Dutchman.-^ I was in way to goe to the King to get boats
to send after them, but our Dutch lurebasso (entertained
for ships vse) came running after mee, and told me our
people were on the other side, making merry at a Tap-
house ; which speeches caused me to returne to the English
house, and to get a boat for the Master to goe looke them
out. But they prooued to be others, namely, William
Marinell, Simon Colphax, and lohn Dench, who had hired
a boat, and were gone ouer to an other Hand, because they

^ The surcjeon.

^ " Seuen English, viz. fiae Englisli and two Flemmings which were
1)0und for England." — Margifial note by PiircJias.

154 THE VOYAGE OF

could not haue swinge to walke by night in Firando. So
in the mcane time our Run-awayes had the more time to
runne awaye.

This night about eleuen a clock, the old Kings house
on the other side the water was set on fire, and quite burned
downe in the space of an houre. I neuer saw a more
vehement fire for the time. It is thought his losse is great ;
and as it is said, he himselfe set it on fire, in going vp and
down in the night with lighted canes, the coales whereof
fell among the mats, and so tooke fire.

The third [October] I went to visit the old King, giuing
him to vnderstand by his Gouernour that I was very sorry
for the mischance happened the night past, and that I
pretended^ to haue come my selfe in person to haue holpen
the best I could, but that I stood in doubt whether my
companie would haue been acceptable, I being a stranger ;
yet assuring him that he should find me readie at all times,
to do him the best seruice I could, although it were with
hazard of my life. He returned me many thanks, saying
the losse he had sustained was nothing. And in returning
to the English house, I met the young King going to visit
his Grandfather.

And before noone wee had word that our Run-awayes
were at a desart Hand, some two leagues from Firando,
which I made knowne to both the Kings, desiring their
assistance and counsel, how we might fetch them backe
againe. They answered, that backe they would fetch them
either aliue or dead ; yet they would be loth to kill them,
in respect we might want men to carry our ship backe for
England. I gaue them thanks for the care they had of vs ;
yet withall gaue them to vnderstand that although these
knaues miscarried, yet we had honest men enough to saile
the ship for England. In fine, the King made ready two

^ Intended.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 155

boats full of souldiours to goe after them, with full deter-
mination to bringe them backe either aliue or dead, which
I made knowne to the Master, who desired verie much to
goe along with them.

The fourth of October, there was report giucn out that
the deuil had answered by their Oracle to their Bose or
Coniurers that the Towne of Firando should bee burned
to ashes this night ; so that cryers went vp and downe the
streets all night, making such a noyse that I tooke but
little rest. They gaue warning that eucry one should
put out their fire. Yet, God be thanked, the Deuill was
prooued a Iyer therein ; for no such matter happened.

The fifth [October] the old King, Foyne Same, came to
the English house, where I gaue him the best entertaine-
ment I could. He also told me that our Fugitiues could
not escape taking, and that hee had sent out two other
men of warre after the two former. And as I was talking
with him about these matters, there came a Cauelero, and
brought him a Letter from the Emperours Court, and said
that our Generall would be here at Firando within eight or
tenne dayes ; for that the Emperour had dispatcht him
away before his comming from thence.

The King told me, that the Gouernor (or King) of
Langasaque, called Bon Diu,^ would bee here at Firando
to morrow, telling me it were good our ship shot off three
or foure Peeces of Ordnance as he passed by. This
Gouernour is the Empresses brother. And there is an

^ The real name of the Governor of Nagasaki at this period was
Hasegawa Sahidye, who held the appointment from 1606 to 1614.
A sister of his, named Natsuko, was one of the concubines of lycyasu.
He was a zealous persecutor of the native Roman Catliohc Christians.
Perhaps Bon Diu is a nickname given him by the Enghsh on this
account. Cocks, as we know, had lived in France. Other instances
of nicknames bestowed on Japanese are Grubstrect for their Osaka
agent, and Machiavelli for their agent at Yedo (Cocks's Diary, i, 325,
and i, 177). ]5artoli (// Giapponc, Roma, 1660, p. 713), corroborates
Cocks, but calls the Governor by his right name.

156 THE VOYAGE OF

other lapan Gouernour, or King, in Towne, of a place
called Seam.^

The seuenth [October] our Master, M. James Foster,
returned from Langasaque, and had brought the Skiffe
with him ; but all the men were gotten into Sanctuarie in
the Towne, so that he could not come to speech of any one
of them. I was informed that Miguell, our lurebasso,
dealt doubly both with the Master and my selfe ; for I sent
him along to be linguist, and assist the Master, and diuers
lapans came to me, telling me, that he both spake with our
people and gaue them counsell to absent themselues. Once
I did perceiue how the world went, and doubted the priuy
conueyance of our people, which was like to ensue, if this
Bon Diu, the Gouernour, were not extraordinarily dealt
withall : whereupon a Present was laid out.

Afternoone, the Bon Diu passed along the street before
our English house on foot, hee being accompanied with the
young King (who gaue him the vpper hand) with about
fiue hundred followers after them. I went out into the
streete, and did my dutie to them, and the Bon Diu stood
still when he came to the doore, and gaue me thanks for
the Ordnance were shot off at his passing by our ship. I
desired pardon of his Greatnesse, if I had neglected my
dutie hitherto, which was by meanes of the small acquaint-
ance I had in the Countrey, but that I meant to visit him
at his lodging, or aboord his luncke, before he went. He
answered me, I should be very welcome. So it was darke
night before he came to his lodging. At which time I
carried the Present abouesaid, which hee accepted of in
very good sort, offering to doe our Nation any good he
could at the Court, whither he was now bound, or else

^ This is possibly a misprint for Sema, and in that case Cocks may,
perhaps, have been speaking of Terazawa Shima no kami, who had
been governor of Nagasaki from 1592 to 1602. The title Shima no
kami would at that time be probably taken by Europeans to mean
king of Shima.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAI'AN. 1 57

where. And so of his owne accord, hee bcgaiine to spcake
of our Fugitiues, asking me if he brought them backe
againe, whether they shoukl be pardoned all for his sake
for this fault ? I answered him, it was not in my power to
pardon them, but in our General, which no doubt (except
it were one or two, which were the chicfe authors of this
and other euils which deserued punishment) that the rest
might easily goe free. He said, that his desire was for
pardon for all in generall, without exception. I answered,
that I knew our General! would be contented with any
thing his Greatnesse and the two Kings of Firando would
desire. To conclude, he told me that if I would giue
it vnder writing of my owne hand, in faith of a Christian,
that all in generall should be pardoned for this time, and
that I would procure the Generall to confirme the same at
his returne, that then he would send to Langasaque for
them, and deliuer them into my owne custody : otherwaies
he would not meddle in the matter, to be the occasion of
the death of any man. I said I was contented with any
thing it pleased his Greatnes to command, and so to giue
the said writing vnder my hand, prouided all our men
might be brought backe. And so I returned to the English
house, the Dutch comming after with an other Present, but
we were before them.

The eight [October] Semidone, passing by our doore,
told mee that Bon Diu had a Brother in companie, which
expected a present, although it was not fitting it should be
so much as his Brothers. So vpon aduice with others I
laid by a present for him, as folio weth \details wanting] :
and going to deliuer it, the Flemings were before me with
another, Captaine Brower himselfe being with it. Hee
accepted very kindly of the present, offering his assistance
to our Nation, either at Court, or in the Countrey. And
soone after he came to the English House himselfe, accom-
panied with many Caualeeres, where they looked on all

158 THE VOYAGE OF

our Commodities ; yet hee went away, and bought nothing,
but gaue mee a small Cattan, and I gaue him two Glasse
Bottles, two Gally-pots, and about halfe a Cattee of great
Cloues, picked out from the rest of purpose, hee being
desirous to haue them for Physicall matters, as he told me.
I made him and his followers a Collation, and so they
departed content. And soone after Bon Diu, and the two
Kings sent a Caualeero to me to haue me to giue it in
writing vnder my hand that our Run-awayes should not
receiue any punishment for this fact. So by counsell of
others, I condescended thereunto, and made a Writing in
promise and faith of a Christian, they^ procure their
pardon for this time of the Generall ; if I had not done
this, out of doubt we should neuer haue got them againe,
but the Spaniard would haue conuayed them to the
Manillies or Maluccoes, I not doubting but the Generall
will allow of what I haue done. And presently after this
man was gone I had word that the Bon Diu and his
Brother would goe aboord to visit our ship. So I sent
some banketting stufife aboord, and went my selfe and met
them, where they were entertayned in the best sort we
could, and Bon Diu gaue mee two Cattans for a present,
and so they departed with seuen Peeces of Ordnance shot
off for a fare-well. But forth-with his Brother returned
aboord againe, desiring to haue one of the little Monkeyes
for his Brothers children. So I bought one of the Master
Gunner, cost me fiue Rials of eight, and sent him to Bon
Diu ; and being readie to goe ashoare, he was desirous to
haue me goe along with him in his Boate, which I did, he
hauing three Peeces of Ordnance for a fare-well, which, as
I vnderstood afterwards, was much esteemed off of both
Brothers, and being ashoare hee would needs accompany
me home to our English House, which I was vnwilling of,

^ Misprint for " to."

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAl'AN. 1 59

yet hcc would of force doc it. So I made him collation
againc in Captain Adams chamber : and so hee and the
rest departed well contented (as it seemed), I offering to
haue accompanyed him backe to his lodging, but he would
not suffer mee. And late at night Foyne Same the olde
King sent a man to me to know the particular of the
presents giuen to both the Brothers, and put it downe in
writing, but for what occasion I know not. And I forgot
to note downe how Bon Diu went to the Dutch House to
wash himselfe in the new Hot-house, and from thence it
was that hee came aboord our ship.

The ninth [October] Bon Diu sent one of his men to me
to giue mee thankes for his kind entertaynment aboord,
and by the same Messenger sent me two barrels of
Miaco Wine for a Present. And soone after his Brother
sent another man with two Barrels of lapan Wine, with
the like ceremonie ; both of them being very earnest
to haue a Prospectiue Glasse, and in the end I found
an old one of Master Eatons ; but soone after he returned
me the said Glasse with thankes, not desiring at all to
haue it.

The tenth [October] two of the Governours sonnes of
Langasaque (I meane another Gouernour, which dwelleth
in the Towne) came to see our English House. They arc
Christians. I entertayned them in the best sort I could,
and shewed them our commodities, and after made them
collation and gaue them Musicke, Master Hownsell and
the Carpenter by chance being heere. And as wee were
at it, old Foyne, the King, came stealing in vpon vs, and
did as the rest did, and seeing the King and these Langa-
sakians together, I willed our lurebasso to put out a word
for the speedie sending backe of our Run-awayes ; which
they all promised, prouided that they should be pardoned
for this fault, as I had formerly promised, which now
acraine I acknowledged. The old Kin<r desired to haue

l6o THE VOYAGE OF

a piece of English Beefe, and another of Porke, sod with
Onions and Turnips, and sent to him to morrow.

The eleuenth [October] I sent Migell our lurebasso to
the old King, with the Beefe and Porke accommodated^
as aforesaid, with a bottle of Wine, and sixe Loaues of
white Bread. He accepted of it in very kind part, hauing
in his company at eating thereof the young King his
Grand-childe, and Nabisone his Brother, with Semidone
his Kinsman.

The twelfth [October]- I went to visit both the Kings, and
found old Foyne asleepe, but spake with his Gouernour,
and from thence went to the young King, and spake with
him himselfe. They gaue me thankes for the kind enter-
taynment I gaue vnto these strangers, which they tooke as
done vnto themselues. And towards night the old King
sent to visit me, and to tell me vnderstood these people
which are departed had taken away certaine commodities
from me, and payd mee what they themselues thought
good, and not that which I required. I returned him
ansvvere, that it was true that they had done so, but I
know not whether it were the custome of this Countrey or
no ; for that I was giuen to vnderstand they vsed the like
course both with Chineses and Portugalls at Langasaque,
and that that which they had taken from mee was not
worth the speaking of I was answered that although they
did so with the Chineses at Langasaque, which were people
defended^ not to trade into lapan, yet could they not
doe so to Strangers that had free priuiledge to trade,
especially heere in this place, where these fellowes had no
command nor nothing to doe. I replied I would come and

^ Cooked ; a French idioni.

* " A great Feast among the Pagans began this day, it being told
me it was like a Lent, or Pasques of the Papists." — MargiJial note by
Piirc/ias.

^ Forbidden ; a French idiom.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. l6l

speake with his Highncsse my selfe, and inf(^rmc him of
the truth : and in the meane-time returned humble thankes
for the care hee had to vse lustice to Strangers as well as
home-borne.

Captain Brewer sent me word that the\' had taken diuers
sorts of commodities from him, and paid him what they list
for it. He also sent an emptie IJottle, desiring to haue it
filled with Spanish Wine, for that hee had inuited certaine
Strangers, and had none.

The thirteenth [October] I heard three or foure Gunnes,
or Chambers, goe off, which I thought had bin done to
entertayne the King at the Dutch House ; but they were
shot out of a China lunckc, which passed b}- this place,
and so went for Langasaque. And presently after the old
King sent for me to come to dinner to the Dutch House,
and Master Eaton with mee, and to bring a Bottle of Wine.
Master Eaton had taken Physicke and could not goe, but
I went. Wee had a verj'good Dinner at the Dutch House,
the meate being well drest both after the lapan and Dutch
fashion, and serued vpon Tables, but no great drinking.
Fhe olde King sate at one Table, accompanied with
his eldest Sonne and both the young Kings Brothers (for
the }-oung King himselfc was not there, sending word he
was not well). At the other Table Thirst sate Nabesone,
the old Kings Brother, and then my selfe, and next
me Scmidone, and then the (jid Kings Gouernour, and
next him Zanzebars Father-in-law, and diuers other Caua-
leeroes on the other side. Captaine Brower did not sit at
all, but earned at Table, all his owne people attending and
seruing on their knees ; and in the end, he gaue drinke to
euery one of his ghests with his owne hands and vpon his
knees ; which seemed strange to me, and when the>' had
dined, all the Nobles went away, and Captaine Brower
would needs accompany me to the English House. I
asked him why he serued these people vpon his knees,

I 62 THE VOYAGE OF

they sitting at Table. He answered me it was the fashion
of the Country, and if the King himselfe made a Feast,
hee did the h'ke for the more honour of his ghests. And
before night the old King Foyne came to the English
House, and visited all parts, and made collation, staying
an houre talking of one thing and other.

The sixteenth [October] 1 was giuen to vnderstand that
two Christians were come from Langasaque. So I went
to their lodging to see what they were, as also to vnder-
stand some newes from our men (or Fugitiues). I found
the one of them to bee a Flemming,^ borne in Flushing,
(as he told mee) and the other an Italian,"- borne in the
Duchie of Venice. They told mee that our seuen men (or
Runawayes) were conueighed away secretly in a small
Barke, which is gone for Macoro f and that they* were
runne to get passage in our ship to returne into their
Countries. They told me Master Adams knew them well ;
and they were very desii'ous to haue gone immediately
aboord our ship, there to haue remayned, because they
were Sea-faring men, the Flemming hauing serued the
Spaniard three and twentie or foure and twenty yeares,
and came a Masters Mate from Agua pulca^ for the
Manillias or Phillippinas. They had good store of money,
and would haue sent it aboord our ship or haue brought
it to the English House ; but I told them that in our
Generals absence I durst not presume to giue them enter-
tainment :^ yet notwithstanding, I would doe them an}'
fauour I could at his returne ; and so sent Migell our
lurebasso to the King to let him vnderstand that two

^ George Peterson {)nargitial note).

- Daman Maryn [jnargittal ttote). This man is frequently mentioned
in Cocks's Diary.

^ A misprint for " Macao.''
■* The Dutchman and Italian.
^ Acapulco, in Mexico.
^ I.e., to engage their services.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAX. 163

such Strangers were come to Townc to sceke passage
in our shippe, they being no Spaniards, nor yet Subiects
to the King of Spaine. The King returned mee answere,
that if the}' were such as I said they were, they were
welcome : but if they were CastiUians, or Portugalls, hee
would permit none to stay in this place. His reason is,
for that the Spanish Ambassador hath procured from the
Emperour of lapan that all Spaniards which are found in
his Empire shall rctyre themselues into the Phillippinas ;
but these being no Spaniards, are out of that number.

The seuenteenth [October] betimes, the two strangers
came to mee, desiring me to accompany them to the old
King, the better to countenance them ; which vpon good
consideration I did. They told me in the way that our
Fugitiues had reported at Langasaque that more would
come after them, and not any man of account stay to carry
away the ship ; the occasion they said was for that the}'
which had command ouer them vsed them more like
dogges then men ; adding further, that if but twentie
resolute Spaniards would take the matter in hand, with a
small Boat or two they might easily take our shippe. The
old King gaue vs all kind entertainment, and asked the
strangers man}' questions about the warres betwixt the
Spaniards and Flemmings in the Moluccas ; the which
they said the Spaniards were determined to pursue ver}'
hotl}', and to that effect had great forces prepared. They
also told the King, they thought verily all our Fugitiues
were secretly conueyed from Langasaque seuen dales past
in a Soma, that departed from thence for Macow ; ' but
the King would not beleeue them, saying it was not
possible that such a man as Bon Diu, hauing passed his
word to bring them backe, should be found to be false of

1 " Miguell the lurebasso, Capt. Adams his man, was suspected of
double dealing in this case of the Fugitiues : the circumstances, I
omit." — Marginal note in Piirchas.

M 2

I 64 THE VOYAGE OF

his promise. In fine, he was very well contented that
these two strangers should stay heere and goe along in our
ship, if it pleased the Generall to carry them. So the
poore men returned to their lodgings with much content ;
and told me in the way that we might make account
we had not lost all our men, but recouered two, that would
remaine as faithfull to the death as the others had proued
false ; adding further, that we needed not to wish any
worse reuenge to our Fugitiues, then the bad entertain-
ment they were sure to haue of the Spaniards, comming
bare and beggerly as they did, in such base sort.

The eighteenth [October] there was a great Eclipse of
the Moone this night. It began about eleuen of the clocke,
and endured from the beginning to the end {blaiik^ houres.
It was quite darkned.

The nineteenth [October] at night, about eleuen of the
clocke, a fire began in Firando, neare vnto the yong Kings
house, the wind being at North-east, which if it had so
continued, most part of the Towne had beene burned ; but
the wind fell variable South-easterly, and in the end calme.
Yet notwithstanding forty houses were burned to the
ground ; and had not our English men bestirred them-
selues lustily, many more houses had gone to wrack, for
the fire tooke hold three or foure times on the other side
the street, where our English house was, but they still put
it out, and were very much commended of the Kings and
all other in generall. The old King Foyne came on horse-
backe to our doore, and wished vs to put all things into the
Gadonge,^ and daube vp the doores, and then it was out of
danger. Captaine Brower and some of his people came
very kindly to the English house, to haue assisted vs by
land or water, if need had bin. It cannot certainly be

^ The godown, or storehouse. Cocks's spelling represents better
the original Malay word. (See Yule and Burnell, s.7>.)

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 165

known how this fire began, but there is speeches amongst
the lapans that there will be a greater fire then any of
these, it being told them by the Diuell and their Coniurers.
God grant it bee not done by some villanous ill minded
people, thinking to rob and steale what they can lay hold
on in time of such trouble and confusion.

The twentieth [October] in the morning, I went to the
Dutch house to visite Captaine Brovver and to giue him
thankes for his friendly visitation and assistance the last
night. And towards night Ilarnando, the Spaniard, and
Edward Markes returned from Langasaque, but could not
come to sight of any of our Runawayes ; yet it is certainc
that they are in Langasaque. And a Portugall or Spaniard,
a great man in Langasaque about Sea-matters, told Edward
Markes that wee shoukl haue none of these men backe ;
but to the contrary, if all the rest would come, and leaue
the shippe emptie, they would giue them entertainment :
yea, and that which was more, if they would bring away
the shippe and all, they should be the more welcome.
The lapan, which the King sent to accompany Edward
Markes and Harnando, and to looke out our people, would
not let Edward Marks budge out a doores in the space of
one night and halfe a day after they were arriued there at
Langasaque, he going abroad himselfe, and the Spaniard
Harnando lying at another place. So I doubt some
legerdy-maine betwixt them two, and am now out of all
hope to haue any of our people come backe. I blamed
the lesuits, and the old King liked well of my speeches ;
and told me he would take such order hereafter that none
of our people should be carried to Langasaque, except
they stole away our ship-boats, as the others did ; of which
I aduiscd the Master, Master lames Foster. .And so an
Edict was set out that no man should carry or conuey
away any of our people, without making it knowne vnto
me and telling the King thereof

l66 THE VOYAGE OF

The three and twentieth [October] I was giuen to
vnderstand of a great Pagan Feast that was to be per-
formed this day, and that both the Kings, with all the rest
of the Nobilitie, accompanyed with diuers strangers, met
together at a Summer-house, set vp before the great Pagod,
to see a Horse-race. 1 thinke there was not so few as
three thousand persons assembled together, as I esteemed
in viewing of them. Euery Nobleman went on horse-backe
to the place, accompanied with a rout of Slaues, some with
Pikes, some with Small-shot, and others with Bowes and
Arrowes. The Pike-men were placed on the one side of
the streete, and the Shot and Archers on the other, the
middest of the streete being left void to runne the race.
And right before the Summer-house (where the King and
Nobles sate) was a round Buckler of straw hanged against
the wall, at which the Archers on horse-backe, running a
full Careere, discharged their arrowes, both in the streete
and Summer-house, where the Nobles sate ; that neither
the Present which we sent, nor we, could haue entrance.
And so we passed along the streete, beholding all, and
returned another way to the English house.

And late at night Zanzebars wifes brother came to the
English house, and brought me a Present of a hanch of
Venison, and a basket of Orenges. Zanzebar himselfe did
accompany him. And about ten of the clocke in the
night, the Captaine Chinesa (our Landlord) came and
knocked at the doore, telling me that the King had giuen
expresse command that euery house should haue a Tubbe
of water ready on the toppe of their houses, for that the
Diuell had said the Towne should be burned this night ;
yet he proued a Iyer. But for all that, we got a great
Tubbe of water on the top of our house, which held
twentie buckets of water ; and men did runne vp and
downe the streetes all night, bidding euery one looke to
their fire, that it was strange and fearefull to heare them.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 167

The foure and twentieth [October], this report of burn-
ing the Towne being still current, and euery one making
prouision to preuent it, I made read}' fifteene buckets,
which cost sixe Condrins a peece, and filled them full of
water, and hanged them vp in the yard, and set another
great Tubbe b}- them full of water, besides that which
stood on the toppe of the house ; and gaue order to make
a couple of ladders to carr)' water to the top of the house ;
and had formerl}' prouidcd nine emptie wine-barrels full of
tempered cla}-, to daube vp our Gadonge doores, if need
should require. God defend vs from any such necessitie.
Three or foure men did runne vp and downe the streetes
all night, making a horrible noyse, that euery one should
haue a care thereof, that it was both strange and fearefuU
to heare them.

The fine and twentieth [October] the Captaine Chinesa
our Land-lord, being sicke, sent for a piece of Porke, which
I sent him, and presently followed after my selfe to visite
him, and carried him a small bottle of Spanish wine. And
while I was there, Semedone and our Guardians father in
law came likewise to visite him.

The King sent me word by Miguell, our lurebasso, that
he had a bad opinion of Harnando Ximenes our Spaniard,
and that he went about to haue runne away when he was
last at Langasaque ; but that I know is not so, for he had
free libertie to goe when he would, without running away.
Another complaint was also made of him that he was
a common Gamster, and had brought on diuers to play,
and got their money ; which report I doe rather beleeue
then the other. And I find by experience these people are
no friend neither of Spaniard nor Portugall, and loue
them of Langasaque the worse, because they louc them
so wel.

And I had almost forgotten to note downe that the
night past ill disposed people had ihouglit to haue hrcd

l68 THE VOYAGE OF

the Towne in three places, and in one place set a house on
fire, but it was soone put out, and no hurt done ; but the
partie that did it was not found. Out of doubt it is nothing
but a villanie of these Coniurers and other base people,
which are giuen to the spoile, hoping to get or steale away
something when the Towne is on fire.

The sixe and twentieth [October], Master Melsham being
very sicke, Zanzebar came to visite him, and put him in
mind to take the Physicke of this Countrey, and that it
would presently stop his Flux ; and brought a Bonze^ or
Doctor with him, to administer it. Master Melsham was
very desirous to take it, but that first our Chirurgion
should see it. And so he giue him two pils yesterday,
two in the night, and two in the morning, with certaine
other seeds ; but for ought I could see, it did him no good
at all. God send him his health. All our waste-clothes,
pendants, Brasse shiuers, and other matters were sent
aboord, and the ship put in order to receiue the Generall.
Another house was set on fire the night past by villaines,
but soone put out, and no hurt done. Our night-criers
of fire doe keepe such a horrible noise (without forme
or fashion) that it is impossible for any man to take
rest.

The Captaine Chinesa being sicke sent for some spiced
Cakes and a couple of wax candles ; which I sent him, as
I had done the like heretofore. Master Melsham, now
being weary of his lapan Physicke, returned to our
Chirurgion, Master Warner. Whereat Zanzebar and his
Doctor tooke pepper in the nose.-

The thirtieth day [of October] the Captaine Chinesa (our
Land-lord) came vnto me, and told mee of a generall

1 The word " bonze " was also applied to doctors, who went shaven-
headed.

- Were much offer.ded.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 169

Collection which was made throughout cucry house in the
Tovvne, to send presents of eatable commodities to the
Kings, for the more honor of a great Feast they haue to
morrow, with a Comoedie or Play : and so by his counsell
(with aduice of others) I ordained two bottles of Spanish
wine, two roasted Hennes, a roasted Pigge, a small tjuan-
titie Ruske, and three boxes banquetting stuffe, to send to
their Feast to morrow. And before night the yong King
sent one of his men vnto me, to furnish them with some
English apparell, for the better setting out their Comoedie,
namely, a pairc of Stamel-cloath breeches. I returned
answere, I had nonesuch, neither did know any other which
had : notwithstanding, if any apparell I had would pleasure
his Highnessc, I would willingly giue it him. And within
night both the Kings sent to me, to bring Master Foster,
the Master, and be a spectator of their Comoedie to
morrow.

The one and thirtieth [October], before dinner, I sent
our Present aforesaid to the Kings by our lurebasso, desir-
ing their Highnesses to pardon the Master and my selfe,
and that we would come to them some other time, when
there were lesse people. But that would not serue the
turne, for they would needs haue our company, and to
bring Master Eaton along with vs : which wee did, and
had a place appointed for vs, where we sate and saw all at
our pleasures. And the old King himselfe came and
brought vs Collation in sight of all the people ; and after
Semidone did the like in the name of both the Kings ; and
after diuers Noblemen of the Kings followers made vs a
third Collation. But the matter I noted most of all was
their Comoedie (or Play), the Actors being the Kings
themselues, with the greatest Noblemen and Princes.
The matter was of the valiant deeds of their Ancestors
from the beginning of their Kingdome or Common-wealth,
untill this i)resent, with much mirth mixed among, to giuc

I70 THE VOYAGE OF

the common people content. The Audience was great,
for no house in Tovvne but brought a Present, nor no Village
nor place vnder their Dominions but did the like, and
were spectators. And the Kings themselues did see that
euery one, both great and small, did eate and drinke before
they departed. Their acting Musique and singing (as also
their Poetry) is very harsh to vs, yet they keepe due time
both with hands and feet. Their Musique is little Tabers,^
made great at both ends, and smal in the middest, like to
an Houre-glasse, they beating on the end with one hand,
and straine the cords which goe about it with the other,
which maketh it to sound great or small as they list, accord-
ing their voices with it, one playing on a Phife or Flute ;
but all harsh and not pleasant to our hearing. Yet I neuer
saw Play wherein I noted so much, for I see their policie
is great in doing thereof, and quite contrary to our
Comoedies in Christendome, ours being but dumbe shewes,
and this the truth it selfe, acted by the Kings themselues,
to keepe in perpetuall remembrance their affaires. The
King did not send for the Flemmings, and therefore I
accounted it a greater grace for vs.

At our returne to the English house, I found three or
foure Flemmings there ; one of them was in a lapan habit,
and came from a place called Cushma,'^ within sight of
Corea. I vnderstand they sold Pepper and other Com-
modities there, and I thinke haue some secret trade into
Corea, or else are very likely to haue. I hope, if they doe
well, we cannot doe amisse, M. Adams being the man that
put them forward vnto it, and no doubt will bee as forward
for the good of his owne Countrey as for Strangers. Her-
nando Ximenes was with Captaine Brower, and saw the
two men which came from Cushma, and did but aske him

' In Japanese tsudziivii.
'- The island of Tsushima.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 1/1

from whence they came ; whereat Captainc Browcr was
angry, telHng him he would giuc him no account thereof.
And towards night, I understood that two Spaniards were
come from Langasaque, and lodged at Zanzibars, and sent
for our lurebassa to come to them ; but I would not let
him go so soone. After, Zanzibar and they came to the
English house, the one of them beeing Andres Bulgaryn,
the Genowes, which passed by this place the other day ;
and the other is called Benitg de Palais, and is Pilot Maior
of the Spanish ship, which was cast away on the Coast of
lapan, and is the same man which came from Langasaque
to visit M. Adams at his being here. They told me they
were come of purpose to visit their friends, namely, my
selfe first of all, with many other words of complement,
and then entred into speeches of our Fugitiues ; saying
it was not the Fathers (as they call them) which kept our
people secret, or went about to conuey them away ; but
rather they of Langasaque themselues, who they reported
to be very bad people. In fine, I stood in doubt that these
fellowes are come of purpose to inueigle more of our people
to doe as the others haue done, and thereof aduised the
Master to haue a care both to ship and boats, as also to
take notice of any such as went about to keepe them
company ; for that it is good to doubt the worst, for the
best will saue it selfe.

The first of Nouember at night, two houses were set on
fire on the other side of the water, but [the] fire was soone
put out ; but the villaines that did it could not be found.
I sent M. Foster, the Master, a letter, aduising him to take
care of ship and boats, as also to looke vnto the behauiour
of our people, for that 1 doubted these two Spaniards were
but come as Spies, to see what we did, and to inticc some
other of our people to do as the former did. Also I
aduised him how I vndcrstood the said Spaniards did
pretend to inuite him to dinner this day ; but 1 wished him

172 THE VOYAGE OF

to take heed they gaue him not a Higo.^ He returned me
answer that he esteemed them such as I tooke them for,
and therefore would haue a care to the maine chance.
But soone after he came ashoare, and the Spaniards came
to the Engh"sh house, and with much intreaty got M.
Foster and M. WiUiam Eaton to goe along to dinner \\ith
them to Zanzebars ; and the other two Spaniards and
Harnando did the like. But these two Spaniards cam
vnto me, and bade mee tell the Master or any other that
went with them to take heed they did not eate nor drinke
any thing but such as they did see the others taste before
them ; for that it was no trusting of them ; of which I
aduised both the Master and M. Eaton. Also I sent
Miguell, our lurebassa, to both the Kings (and other
Nobles) to give them thanks for our kind entertainment
yesterday. Harnando Ximenes told me that M. Adams
had goods in his hands belonging to this Pilot Maior the
Spaniard, and that his chiefe comming was, thinking to
have met M. Adams here, and doth meane to attend his
comming to haue accompt of those matters. As also they
brought Letters of recommendation from the Bishop, and
other Fathers to the other two Spaniards (or strangers) to
perswade them to returne back to Langasaque ; but I
thinke it is not their determination so to doe.

The second [November] some villaines set an house on
fire in the Fish streete ; and it was soone put out and the
partie escaped. And it is generally thought to be some
base people or Renegados, which lie loytering vp and
downe the Towne, and came from Miaco, and three are
much suspected, but no proofe as yet found against them.
But there is order giuen to make Gates and Partitions ouer
euery streete in diuers places, and watch to be kept at

* The Spanish phrase, no ddrsele a uno tin higo^ means to take
no account of. Cocks seems to use it in the sense of " not make a
fool of."

CAPTAIN JOHN SAkIS TO JAPAN. \JT,

each place, and no man be suffered to walkc in the ni<;ht,
except he be found to haue earnest buslnessc. Another
villainc got into a poore widdowes house, thinking to haue
robbed her, but she making an out-cry, hce fled vp into
the wood ouer against the EngUsh house, where the Pagod
is ; and soone after, the wood was beset round about with
aboue fiue hundred men, but the theefe could not be found.
At night, as we were going to bed, there was an out-cry on
a sudden that theeues were on the top of our house, setting
it on fire ; but our ladders being ready reared, both my
selfe and others were not long a going vp, but found
nothing, but that all our neighbours houses were peopled
on the tops on a sudden, as well as ours. And it is to be
thought it was nothing but a false larum, giuen of purpose
to see how euery one would be found in a readinesse. Yet
at that very instant there was a house set on fire, but soone
quenched, it being a good way from our English house.

The night past, three houses were sett on fire in diuers
[)arts of the Towne, but all put out at beginning, so that
no hurt was done. So now order is giuen to take notice
in euery house what people are in them, whether strangers
or others ; and such as are found to be suspected are to
bee banished out of the Countrey ; and gates or bars made
t(j shut vp the passages or ends of streets, and watch set
in diuers places, without crying and making a noyse vp
and downe streetcs in the night, as hath been for a time
heretofore without either forme or fashion. Yet notwith-
standing all this, a villaine, about tcnnc a clocke in the
night, set a house on fire neare vnto the Pagod, ouer
against our English house ; but he was espied b)' the watch,
who pursued him with all speed, but he got into the wood
aboue the Pagod, which forthwith was beset round about
with aboue fiue hundred armed men, and the old King
Foyne came in person with man)' other Noble men, [and]
assisted in the pursuit. Yet I verily thinkc the villaine did

174 THE VOYAGE OF

runne vp and downe amongst the rest, crying, Keepe
theefe, as well as the best.

The fourth [November] the night past, there was fire put
in diuers places more, one in the Towne and an other in
the Countrey, besides the house neere ours, as I said before.
Order is now giuen to haue secret watch in diuers parts of
the Towne euery night, and no man to goe out in the night
except vpon vrgent occasion, and then to haue a light
before them, to the end they ma\' bee scene. If this de-
corum be duly kept, our House burners will play least in
sight. I told the Kings and others hereof aboue a weeke
past, and now it is put in execution.

The fifth [November] this morning I receiued two Letters,
the one from Domingo Francisco the Spanish Ambassa-
dour, dated in Ximonaseque fine dayes past, and the other
from George the Portugall. The Ambassadour went ouer
Land from thence for Langasaque, and sent his Seruant
with the letters, vnto whom I showed such Commodities
as he enquired for, and referred him off for others till our
Generals returne, \yriting him a letter in answere of his,
the Copie whereof 1 kept. His man tooke liking of two
peeces of fine Semian Chowters, and eight pieces of white
Baftas, and paid seuen Tais the piece for Chowters, and
two Tais the piece for Baftas. There came a Spanish
Frier, or lesuite, in the Boat with the x"\.mbassadours man,
and desired to see our ship, which I willed our Master to
let him, and to vse him kindly, which he did. For as the
olde saying is, It is good sometimes to hold a Candle to
the Deuill, etc. Master Eaton, Harnando and my selfe
dined with Vnagense, and were kindly entertayned.

The sixth [November] this day, about ten a clocke, our
Generall and all his company arriued heere from the lapan
Court, Master Adams being in company with him. And
presently the Generall sent me with lohn lapan, our lure-
basso, to visit both the Kings and thanke them for their

CAPTAIN rO[I\ SARIS TO JAPAN'. 1 75

kindnesse in so well accommodating him with a Boate, as
also for the care they had of the ship and the rest in his
absence, and that he would come on the morrow to visit
them, beeing now weary of his long Voyage. They tooke
this visitation kindly, saying they would be glad to see him
at their Houses. Also certaine Merchants of Miaco, which
came from Langasaque, came to our English House, and
had sight of all our commodities, and amongst the rest,
took liking of ten pieces of Casscdy nill, and made price
for them at three Tais the piece, which is in all thirtic Tais,
and so sent them to their lodging, as other Merchants
before had done the like, and so returned mee money to
my content ; but these sent mee nothing but a Paper, and
consigned mee to receiue my money of Semidone, who was
newly gone out of Towne on a Voyage, our General 1
meeting him on the wa\-. But I returned these Merchants
word that I would haue my payment of them, or else my
Merchandize backe againe ; but they made answere, I
should haue neither the one nor the other ; neither would
the Host of the House where they lodged passe his word
for payment, so I was forced to goe to both the Kings to
seeke for Justice, but first sent word aboord that if the
Boate of Miaco weighed anchor to goe away, that they
should man out the Skiffc, and sta\' her, which they did,
and made her to come to an anchor againe ; and in the
meane-time I spake to the Kings, but the younger said
that Semidone was a man able enough to pay me. And
then I answered and asked him, that if Semidone did not,
whether he would, and he told me no ; and while we were
talking of it, old Fo}'ne Same came in and told me he
would take order that I should haue content ; \-et his
order had come too late, if our Pinnassc had not stayd
them. So in the end the Host where they did lodge
passed his word for payment.

Captaine Brower and all his Merchants came to the

1/6 THE VOYAGE OF

English House to visit our General!, and Nobisana sent
him a young Porke for a Present, saying, hee would come
himselfe and visit him within a day or two.]

The y^^ [Novemberp for the most part I spent Compli-
menting with the King and nobles of this place, and
bestowed certane presents vpone them according to the
Counterye fashion, as more at large apeares in a Journall
written by Mr. Cocks for me. I importuned the ould King
for his letter to the King of England, the tyme requiring
haste, which he promised should be readye out of hand, I
obteyned of him a boate of speede, and sent Mr. Addams
in hir to Langasaque to make search for our Runawayes,
hauing intellygence that they weare theare, with a present
to the Bungio^ of the Cittye for his fauor and speedye
serch of them, but vnderstanding them to be Gone for the
Manelyes or Maccaue,^ to retorne the present againe.

The 8"^h [November] Mr. Addams departed for Langa-
saque, Mr. Wickham in companye with him. I promised
passage to one George Peeterson, a flushinger.* for his
Counterye, whoe had serued the Spannyards 24 yeares and
hauing well to take to, desired to goe for his counterye ; he
was a salor and of fare carrage.

The 9^11 [November] in the morning Palmer and Marrynor
hauing layne all night in the felde fought and hurt one the
other.

[In the morning very early I went aboord the Ship,
and carried M. Cockes along with me, and called the
Master and all the Officers into my Cabbin, making it
known vnto them that it much grieued me the indirect
course some of them tooke, namely, Palmer and Marnell,

^ Here we resume Saris's own narrative.

^ Governor. ^ Manila or Macao. ■* See p. 162.

CAPTAIN rOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 1 77

who went out of the Ship witliout h'ccnsc, and had wounded
one an other so sore that the one was in dan^^er of his life,
and the other a lame man for euer ; and that which was
more, the Suruiuer in danger to be hanged if the other
(h'cd, which could not choose but bee a great hearts griefe
vnto me ; as also to vnderstand that Francis Williams
and Simon Colphax were in the boat, going ashoare to
haue fought, and lohn Dench and lohn Winston appointed
to doe the like, and Dench confessed it was true, and that
he saw Palmer and Marnell fighting, and went and parted
them, otherwise both had remained dead in the field : these
matters I told them, were grieuous vnto me, and therfore
I willed them it might be amended in time, otherwise they
would dispeople the Ship, to the vtter oucrthrow of our
Voyage, and deceiue the Honourable Companie that had
put their trust in vs.

After much contestation, each one departed, with pro-
mise to amend what was amisse and not to offend in any
sort hereafter, which God graunt may prooue true. I told
them also, that Foyne Same, the old King, had made com-
plaint vnto me, that if any more came ashoare to fight and
shed blood in his Countrey (contrary to his Lawes), he
would cause them to be cut in peces, for that he would not
suffer strangers to haue more Priuiledge in that matter
then his owne Subiects.

And at my returne to the English house, Foyne Same
the King came to visit me, and told mee the piece of Pol-
dauis and a Shash I gauc him were consumed with fire
when his house was burned, which was a manner of begging
two more, which I promised him ; and got him to send of
his people aboord, with m}' lurebasso lohn lapan, to
signifie to the Company, that if any of them came ashoare
to fight any more, the King had giuen order to cut them
in pieces, and not to suffer any one to returne aboord. I did
this in hope to rcstraine them from such drunken Combats.

178 THE VOYAGE OF

Towards night came a Spaniard from Langasaque, called
lohn Comas, and brought two letters from Domingo Fran-
cisco, one for me, and the other for M. Cockes, and sent me
a Present of three baskets of Sugar, and a pot of Conserues,
with many no lesse sugred conserued words of complement
in his Letters, that he was sorie that our seuen men were
gone awaye in his absence, excusing both himselfe and the
Fathers or lesuites, that they had no hand in the matter,
neither euer spoke such word that we were heretikes or
theeues, yet said our men were gone away from thence,
three of them in a China or lapan Soma for the Manillias,
and the other foure in a Portugall Vessell ; but I hold
these but words to excuse themselues, and put other
men in fault : for the Spaniards love not the Portugals,
neither either of both the lapan, much less the lapan
them.]

I writ a letter by Melser van Samford to Lucas Antony-
son at Syam, the Coppie wheareof is extant.'

The lo^h and ii^^ [November] nothing of worth ; only
the Emperors present to the King of England was laden
aboard, being 10 Beobes or pictures after the counterye
fashion.

[The eleuenth [November], I went and visited Nobesane ;
he vsed me kindly, and would haue had mee come to dinner
to-morrow, but I excused the matter, in respect of the
much businesse I had, and short time of stay. I met the
old King Foyne at his house, who desired to haue two
peeces English poudred Beefe, and two of Porke sod with
Turnips, Raddish and Onions by our Cooke, and sent vnto
him, which I caused to be done. Wind Northerly, a fresh
gale day and night ; faire dry weather, but cold.]

The I2'ii [November] Mr. Addams retorned without our
Fuiatiues, they being not long before gone for the philHp-

^ Not now forthcoming.

rAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAl'AN. I79

pcnas aiitl inackcauc in the Spamiyarcls and i)()rtin^alc
shipps.

[The two Kings Gouernours came to visit mc at the
English house ; and from thence went abord the Clone
(Master Cockes accompanying them) to signifie vnto the
Master and the rest of the Companic, that from hence-
forward our ships Companie should haue a care how thc\-
came ashore to fight and shed blood ; for that the Law
of the Countrey was that they which went out to fight, and
drew weapon, were to die the death, and all those which
did behold them, obliged to kill both parties, in paine of
ruinating all their generation if they did not kill both
parties.]

The I3"> [November] there hapned nothing.

The 14"! [November] it was ccrtanely proued that Mr.
Addams his man, which was our Jurebassa and Cater for
the howse, did most vnresonably cozen vs, and in one
parcell of wyne bought for the howse gott 21 masse.

[I sent M. Cockes and my lurebasso to both the Kings,
to entreat them to prouide me of a dozen Sea-men, that
were able to doe their labour, to goe with me for England,
and for wages I was willing to giue them what in reason
their Highnesses thought fit. The Kings were impeached '
about others matters ; so they spake with their Secretaries,
who told them they need not to speake about that matter
to the Kings, for that they would prouide mcc a dozen
such as should be fit ; but that there were diuers vagrant
people about Towne, which no doubt would be willing to
goe, yet were not fit to be carried to Sea ; for that when
they came there, they would serue for nothing but to spend
victuals, and of such the Flemmings serued their turne
without making request vnto them ; and what is become of
them or the Ship is not known to this day. But seeing

' Hindered.

N 2

l8o THE VOYAGE Of

that now the matter was referred to them, they would
looke out for such as were for our purpose.]

The 15'h [November] in frindly mannor I acquanted
Mr. Addams, in the presents of Mr. Cocks, of his mans
dishonnest and villanus dealing, being put in trust and to
cheate vs so vnresonable. He tooke it verye evell that his
seruant should be so thought of, and so hiely took his part
as by the perswatyon of Mr. Cocks I did not saie further,
but gaue order to Mr. Cocks to lett him goe no more
to markett for vs. This not being the first by manye
tymes, as Mr. Cocks tells me, he hath found him fautye
therein.

The i6^h [November] there passed nothing worth
writinge.

The 17'h [November] George Peeterson the Flushinger
did willingly exchange with Mr. Cocks 2120 Tayes lapan
monye for Royalls, the taye rated at 10 masse and the
Royall at 8 masse^ which saued the Companye 5 per cent.
And Mr. Cocks Cleered with Mr. Addams for monyes
lett ^ vs vpone the waye, and marchandyes bought at
Oronggaue,- in Japan quoyne^ as we receaued it of him ;
and as the King had and did since my retorne proffer to
lend me monye at the same rate, yet he tooke it not well
that he was not paid in Royalls and allowed 5 per cent
exchange, which I held vnreasonable, The King demaund-
ing no profitt nether the Fleming, and the Barrs as good
and better siluer then those we had of him.*

[The eighteenth [November] Foyne, the old King, sent
me word he would come and visit me, and bring the
dancing Beares or Curtesans of the Countrey, which soone
after he did, being three whoores of the Countrey, and two
or three other men with them, they all dancing and making

1 A misprint for "lent." • Uraga. ^ Coin.

* Here the MS. breaks otif. The remainder of the jotirnal is taken
from Purchas.

CAPTAIN JOIIX SAKIS TO JAPAN. lR[

musique after the Countrey fashion, although harsh tf) our
hearings.

The nineteenth [November] the Captainc Chinesa and
George Duras^ the Portugall came vnto me, desiring me to
send to Scmidone, to procure the h'bcrtie of two honest
poore men, who were Hke to loose their Hues for bidding a
poore Knaue flie, which had stolne a little piece of Lead
not worth three halfepence, and yet the Malefactor was
taken and put to death, and these men in danger to haue
done the like, had I not sent M. Cocks with my Ring to
Semidone, to desire pardon for them for my sake, which
he granted to procure, and did effect it.

The twentieth [November], Samedon.'^the King of Crats,^
sent mee word hee would come aboord our Ship. So I
met him there, he beeing accompanied with both the
Kings of Firando. They had fine peeces of Ordnance at
their entrie aboord, and three with shot or l^ullets were
shot at a marke at the request of Samedon. He gaue me
two Pikes or Japan staues with Cattans or Sables^ on the
ends ; and so they departed with seuen peeces of Ordnance
for a farewell, one being with shot at the marke aforesaid.

The twentie-two [November] a Present was laid out, and
sent to Samedon King of Crats. It was deliuered vnto
him at Tomesanes'' the young Kings house, he being there
at Breakfast, and tookc in very kind part, sending me word
by M. Cockes that he was doubly obliged vnto mee, first

* The " Durois " or " Droit " of Cocks's Diary and Letters.

* Terazawa Shima no kami (Hirotaka), a devoted follower of Hide-
yoslii, fought in the Corean war. In the civil wars which succeeded
the death of Ilideyoshi he supported lyeyasu, and was rewarded
with the additional fief of Amakusa, making in all 120,000 koku of
lands. He died in 1633. He was Ciovernor of Nagasaki from 1592 to
1602. Amakusa was taken away from his son in consec|uence of the
})articipalion of the islanders in the Shimabara revolt of 1637-8. He
committed suicide some years later, and the family became e.xtinct.

3 Karatsu in Hizen. * Misprint for sabres.

* Tonosama, 7>., the lord-

1 82 THE VOYAGE OF

in his kind entertainement aboord, and now in sending him
such a Present of worth, of such things as his Countrey
affoorded not the Hke, and all without any desert of his :
onely the recompence he could make was, that for his
[my ?] sake, if euer any of the English Nation did come
within his Dominions, he would bid them kindly welcome,
and show them any fauour he could.

The twentie fifth [November] in the morning betimes,
the Purser and M. Hownsell came ashoare and told me
Andrew Palmer, the Steward, departed out of this world
about tenne of the clocke the night past, and that the
Chirurgion Thomas Warner affirmed (as he told me the
like many times before) that Palmer was the occasion of
his owne death, his wound beeing curable, if he would haue
bin ruled. I willed the Purser, M. Melsham,to goe aboord,
and that the Master and he should take order to carry
him and bury him on an Hand as secretly as might be,
in respect we were about to get some lapans to goe along
in our ship, which, it might be, hearing of the death of any
one would make them the more vnwilling.

The twentie eighth [November] a lapan was put to
death : some said for theft ; others said he was a house-
burner. He was lead by the Hang-man to execution, one
carrying a board before him, wherein was written the fact
he had committed, as the like was written in a paper flag
ouer his head, and two Pikemen followed him with the
points of their Pikes hard to his backe, to haue killed him
if he had offered to resist. Diuers of this place complained
that the Ships Company owed them money, and, now the
Ship was ready to depart, desired payment, which to pre-
uent a greater inconuenience I hearkened vnto, and wrote
to the Master to enquire aboord who they were that were
indebted, and what the sum me was they owed, to the intent
to make satisfaction, and so to abate it out of their wages.

Now touching a Factorie to be left there, I had on the

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. I S3

twenty sixth assembled m)- Merchandizing counsel!, where,
vpon these considerations, viz : The encouragement wee
had receiued in the Moluccas by priuate intelligence ; the
Dutch Factoric alreadie planted here in Firando : The
large Priuiledges now obtained of the Emperour of lapan :
The certaine aduise of the English Factories setled in Siam
and Tatane : The Commodities resting vnsold vpon our
hands appointed for these parts, an'd the hoped for profit
which further experience may produce : It was resolued
that a Factorie should be left here, viz. eight English, three
Japan lurebasses or Interpreters, and two seruants, who
were appointed against the comming of the next ships, to
search and discover the Coast of Corea, Tushmay,^ and
other parts of lapan, and Countreys thereunto adioyning,
to see what good might be done in any of them.

The fifth of December, M. Richard Cockes, Captaine
and Cape Merchant of the English Factorie setled at
Firando in lapan, tooke his leaue of me aboord the Cloue
with his Companie, beeing eight English and fiue others.
After their departure, our Companie was mustered aboord,
finding fortie sixe English, fiue Swarts, fifteene lapaners,-
three Passengers, in all sixtie nine : hauing lost since our
arriuall here three English, two by sicknesse, one slaine,
and seuen which ranne away to the Portugals and
Spaniards, whilest I was at the Emperours Court. The
names of the English we left in the Factorie with M.
Cockes, were William Adams (entertained at an hundred
pounds the yeere into the Companies seruice),^ Tempest

^ The island of Tsushima.

- Of these, eleven (probably all that survived) were sent back from
England in the Expedition at the beginning of 1615 (see Peyton's
Journal : Brit. Mus. Add/. MS. 19,276).

^ For the negotiations with Adams and the agreement entered into
h\ him, see Letters Received., vol. i, pp. 310, 324, etc.

1 84 THE VOYAGE OF

Peacocke, Richard Wickham, William Eaton, Walter
Carwarden, Edward Sares, William Nelson.^

The wind Northerly, a stiffe gale, we set saile, beeing
foure leagues from the place where wee rid ; our course
South by West, halfe a point Westerly, Latitude thirtie
three degrees foureteene minutes. Note that, by exact
obseruations on the shoare, we found this Hand of Firando
to stand in latitude thirtie three degrees thirtie minutes,
variation two degrees fiftie minutes Easterly.

It was resolued to keepe alongst the Coast of China
directly to Bantam, and so wee brought aboord our star-
boord tacke, and steered away South-west, edging ouer for
China ; the wind at North North-east, a stiffe gale and faire
weather.

The sixth [December], Latitude thirty one degrees
thirty nine minutes ; way South by West forty leagues.

The seuenth [December] it blew very much wind, a
storme at North-west. Wee steered South South-west.
No obseruations. There we felt the great Current which
shoots out betweene the Hand Corea and the maine of
China, which made a very great Sea. Way South South-
west halfe point Westerly, twentie fiue leagues.

The eight [December], Latitude twentie nine degrees
fortie one minutes ; way South-west, twentie sixe leagues ;
wind North-west a very stiffe gale. We steered West
South-west, to make Cape Sumbor- vpon the Coast of
China. The Sea very much growne ; so much wind that it
blew our maine course out of the bolt ropes.

The ninth [December] Latitude twentie eight degrees,
twentie three minutes ; way South-west three quarters

^ The instructions left with Cocks by Saris will be found in Letters
Received^ vol. ii, p. 4.

- According to Linschoten it lies in N. lat. 28° 15', while Ningpo
(Liampo) he places 31° N. lat. The .'\dmiralty Chart, however, gives
only 29° 50' for Ningpo.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 185

Westerly, twentie two leagues and two third parts. We
sounded and had fortie nine and fortie fiue fathoms Ozic.
The weather cleered and the wind came to the North, but
wee could see no land.

The eleuenth [December] no obseruation ; way West
South-west thirtie flue leagues ; verie greene water. We
kept our Leade, and had fortie nine, fortie three, thirtie
fiue, thirtie seuen, thirtie fathome ; no sight of land, yet
very cleere ; wind North and North-west by North.

The twelfth [December] before day we sounded, and had
thirtie fiue fathome Ozie ; wind North, and North-west by
North a stiffe gale ; and in the morning, esteeming our
selues to bee neere the Coast of China, we had sight
of (at the least) three hundred sailcs of lunckcs of twentie,
thirtie, and vpwards tunnes apiece, whereof two came to
the wind-ward close by vs, but perceiuing them to be
Fishermen, we let them passe, vsing all the faire meanes
wee could to get some of them to come aboard, but could
not preuayle. Wherefore we stood on our course West by
South, and presently descryed the land, being two Hands
called the Hands of Fishers,^ bearing West by North halfe
a point Northerly, some foure leagues off. Latitude at
noone, twentie fiue degrees fiftie nine minutes ; way South-
w^est by West fiftie leagues ; Depth twentie, and twentie
sixe fathome. Soone after, the wind came to North-ea.st.
Wee brought our Larboord tacke aboord, and steered
alongst the land South South-west, very nmch wind.

' Evidently Saris means the group known as tlie Pescadores, lying in
the Formosa Channel. Captain Ottlcy, however, writes:— "My opinion
is that .Saris mistook the name of these Islands ; and that they \\ere
not the Pescadores— for the latitude of the Pescadores is 23 40' N.,
and we have Saris's sights at noon of the day on which he previously
had 'descried the two Hands, Lat. 25' 59' N.,' which places him at
least 100 miles to the Northward of the Pescadores. l>y dead
reckoning also he could not have made enough southing to be off
the Pescadores. All the evidence seems to be in favour of the 'two
Hands, being in the .Alligator, etc., Group ; latitude about 25° 25'."

1 86 THE VOYAGE OF

About seuen at night we came faire by a Rocke, which, by
Gods mercie, wee descryed by Moone-Hght, and lay right
in our course ; supposing to haue runne from noone to this
time twelue leagues. We were within twice our ships
length of the Rocke, depth thirtie fathome. Then we haled
off South one watch to giue the land a berth, and after
mid-night steered South-west, the wind at North-east ver}'
much wind, and continually following vs as the Land
trents.^

The thirteenth [December] Latitude twentie foure de-
grees thirtie hue minutes, variation one degree, thirt}'
minutes Easterly ; way South-west nftie foure leagues ;
wind at North-east, faire weather. We steered South-west,
keeping faire by the Hands lying alongst the maine of
China, some fiue leagues off; much wind.

The fourteenth [December] in the morning little wind ;
hauing this night past had twelue and fourteene fathome,
then stood off into deeper water. Latitude at noone
twentie two degrees ten minutes ; way South-west by
South one quarter Westerly, fortie two leagues ; wind at
East North-east. And at eight at night we had fifteene^
thirteene fathome, at nine a clocke sixteene, twentie seuen,
twentie one and twentie fiue, sandie ground.

The fifteenth [December] in the morning we came
amongst many Fisher-boates, but had so much wind as
that we could not speake with them. They made signes
to vs to keepe vp to the West-ward (as we thought.) Our
sounding the last night to this present was twentie, twentie
foure, twentie fiue, twentie fathome.s, three leagues off the
land. Latitude at noone, twentie one degrees, fortie
minutes ; way West .South-west one quarter Southerly,
fiftie two leagues. The wind at North North-east, a stiffe
gale. We steered in West North-west Northerly to make

1 Trends.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO jAI'AN. I87

the land, and about two houres after had slight of it, but by
reckoning should not haue bcene ncerc it b\' fiftic sixe
leagues, so that the distance from Firando hither is lessc
by fiftie sixe leagues.

Note that the Hands which lye alongst the Coast of
China, lye more Southerly then in the plats. About three
in the after-noone wee were by an Hand called Sancha,^
about two leagues off. We steered South-west alongst the
land, esteeming to haue runne since- noone three leagues
West North-west.

The sixteenth [December] at noone no obscruation ; waj'
fortie leagues. South-west by South one quarter Westcrl)- ;
wind at East with drisling rainc.

The seuenteenth [December] Latitude eightecne degrees
nineteene minutes ; course South-west by South one quarter
Westerly fortie seuen leagues ; wind at East ; variation
fiftie minutes Westerly. We sounded, but had no ground.

The eighteenth [December] latitude fifteene degrees
fortie three minutes ; course South-west by South sixtie
leagues ; wind at East a stiffe gale. And at fiue at night
wee had sight of land, beeing an Hand called Pulo Cotan,-
bearing West South-west, about fiue leagues off, wee steer-
ing South-west. This Hand is high land, and lyeth about
twentic leagues (by report) from the shoale called Plaxel,-'
to the West-ward of it. We sounded about eight of the
clocke, but had no ground.

The nineteenth [December] in the morning, the maine
of Camboia^ was on our star-boord-sidc about two leagues
off. We steered alongst South by East Easterly, keeping
the maine in sight. Latitude at noone, thirteene degrees

^ Sanchoan in Linschoten's map ; also spelt Sancian, but more
properly .Shangch'uan.

- Cotam in Linschoten's map.

•^ The Paracels ; I. de Pracel in Linschoten's map.

^ Cambodia, i.e., Annam and Cochin-China.

I 88 THE VOYAGE OF

one and thirtie minutes ; way South by West fortie foure
leagues. Wee steered alongst South South-west, making
account to bee athwart a Varella ;i keeping about two
leagues off the shoare. We sounded but had no ground at
fiftie fathome. Note that this land of Camboia lyeth more
Easterly in our plats then it should ; for wee find South
South-west to goe alongst the land a faire berth off, so
that the land heere lyeth South South-west and North
North-east, hauing diuers Rockes like Hands, some one
league, some league and an halfe off the maine, but other-
wise no danger that we could see. Note also that heere
wee found the windes trade alongst the shoare, for from
Firando hither we did goe large, finding the wind to follow
vs as the land trents.

The twentieth [December] Latitude ten degrees fiftie
three minutes ; course South by West fiftie foure leagues ;
wind at North, a stiffe gale alongst the shoare. And three
Glasses after we had obserued, wee had sight of a small
Hand, which wee made to be the Hand at the end of the
shoale, called Pulo Citi ;"' and at fiue Glasses running we
sounded and had eleuen fathome, fine sand, two leagues off
the shoare. We steered alongst Southwest to bring the
point of the shoale called Pulo Citi a starne ; then wee
sounded about two Glasses after, and had fifteene fathome.
Note that wee found Ian Huijghen Van Linschotens booke
very true, for thereby we directed our selues from our
setting forth from Firando.

The one and twentieth [December] Latitude nine de-
grees fortie three minutes ; course South-west a quarter
Westerly, thirtie-four leagues ; wind at East North-east, a

' Auarella in Linschoten's map, now called Cape \'arella. This
word is applied by old Portuguese writers to the pagodas of China and
Indo-China (Yule and Burnell, s.v.). Cape Varella lies in N. lat.
1 2° 49'.

- Pulo Citi is PuloCecir in Linschoten's map, and in the Admiralty
Chart, N. lat. lo" :^:^ .

CAPTAIM JOHN SAKIS TO JAI'AN. 1 89

continuall stifife gale till noonc, then calme, and found that
we were in a tyde girt.^ Our depth all the last night to
this noone was ten, sixtcene, seucnteene, eighteenc, twentie
one, twentie one, nineteenc, twentie, twentie, nineteene,
eightecne fathome good ground, but had no sight of land.

The two and twentieth [December] in the morning, we
had sight of land being an Hand called Pulo Condor,-
bearing off vs about flue leagues off. We steered South-
west, the wind at North-east ; latitude at noone eight
degrees, twentie minutes ; way South-west by West, fortie
leagues and two third parts. Depth eighteen, nineteene,
twentie two, twentie one, twentie one, twentie two and
twentie one fathomes. We steered South South-west, for
the land called the seuen Points.^

The three and twentieth [December], no obseruing ; way
South-west by South one quarter Southerly, fiftie one
leagues ; depth twentie, twentie two, twentie foure, and at
noone twentie seuen fathomes.

The four and twentieth [December] way South-west
halfe a point Westerly, thirty three leagues one third
part ; wind at North-west by North ; depth thirtie seuen,
thirtie nine, fortie three, fortie, and at noone thirtie fiue
fathome, Ozie ground.

The fiue and twentieth [December], latitude two degrees,
thirtie eight minutes ; course South by East, one quarter
of a league Easterly, twentie two leagues one third part ;
the wind at North-west and East by North ; Depth, thirtie
foure, thirtie two, thirtie, thirtie foure, thirtie foure, thirtie
foure, thirtie fiue. And about foure a clocke in the morn-
ing we made the land, beeing an Hand called I'ulo Timon'*
distant from vs some fiue leagues. And at sixe in the

1 Tide race. - Off the mouth of the Mekong River.

' ? The Seven Islands north of Banka Strait.

^ Pulo Timao in Linschoten's map, now spelt 'I'ioman. In the Ad-
mirally Chart 2" 47' north latitude, off the Malay I'cninsula, south of
Pahang River.

t90 TH£ VOVAGE OF

morning, the Northermost part bearing South-west West-
erly, and the South part South South-west halfe a point
Westerly, we had sight of another Hand called Pulo Tinga,^
bearing South South-west Westerly, about sixe leagues off
at noone.

The sixe and twentieth [December], Latitude one degree
eighteene minutes ; course South-east by South, thirtie
two leagues ; wind at East and East by North ; Depth
thirtie seuen, thirtie sixe, thirtie seuen, thirtie fiue, thirtie,
and twentie seuen fathome.

The seuen and twentieth [December] course South by
East fortie leagues and two third parts ; Depth, twentie
seuen, thirtie one, twentie eight, twentie nine, twentie eight,
twentie sixe, and twentie foure fathomes at noone.

The eight and twentieth [December] way South South-
east, fortie leagues and two third parts ; Depth eighteene,
nineteene, sixteene, eighteene, nineteene, sixteene, and at
noone fifteene fathome sandie ground ; making account
that China-bata'^ was about one league and an halfe of[f]
being low land, and at the South-west point full of Trees
or Bushes. At sixe Glasses aftcr-noone wee sounded, and
had twentie fathomes, Ozie ground, steering alongst the
Land South South-east, the wind at North North-west.
Note that those long Hands on our star-boord-side heere
and diuers small Hands on our Lar-boord-side doe make
the Straights of China-bata, finding it to bee truely laid
downe in [the] Plat or Draught made by Ian lanson Mole^
a Hollander, which he gaue to Master Hippon,* and he to
the Companie.

^ Modern spelling Pulo Tingy, or Tingi, in north latitude 2° 17'.

2 China-bata, or Pulo-bato, in the strait between Banka and BilHton.

^ Cp. Letters Received^ vol. i, p. 8. Jan Jansz Mol, captain of the
Gtieldrcs, distinguished himself at the capture of the Portuguese fort
CHI Tidore, at which Sir Henry Middleton was present as a spectator ;
see Introduction.

* Anthony Hippon, captain of the u/oi>e in the Seventh Voyage.

CAPTAIN' iOUS SARIS TO tAPAK. iQt

The nine and twentieth [December], a h'ttlc before noonc,
we perceiucd the water to be much changed ahead, and
tlierefore doubted it to bee a shoale ; so narrowl}- escaping
a vcf)- f^reat danger. Wee sounded and had cleucn, twelue,
fourteene, fifteene fathomc, but within halfc a Glasse had
eight and seuen fathomes and a halfe; it seemed three scjuare
sharp to the South-west-ward, and so we steered when we
had first sight thereof, not farre from the entrance of the
straits of China-bata.^ This shoale lyeth very dangerously,
but is truly placed with his depths. Latitude at noone,
toure degrees sixe minutes ; course South by West thirtie
leagues ; wind at Xorth-west and North ; depth twcntie,
thirteene, fifteene, twentie foure, twentie seuen, twentie,
twentie fiue, twentie, eighteene, ten, ten, ten, eight and ten
fathomes, soft sand. And at eight a clocke in the night
we came to an anchor in seuen fathomes, the weather likely
to bee fowle and our experience little or nothing, the place
verie full of shoales, and before our anchor was a ground
wee were in sixe, sixe and a quarter, fiue and a halfe, sixe,
and then in seuen fathomes, soft sandie ground ; then wind
at Xorth-west, a small gale, and rainie.

The thirtieth [December], this morning we had sight of
the Darling,'- plying for Coromandell, her Companie one
and twentie English, and nine Swarts. B\' them wee first
vnderstood of the death of Sir Henrie Middleton, and losse
of the Trades Increase, etc. The weather close, wee
obserued not : way South South-west halfe a point
Westerly fifteene leagues ; depth, ten, thirteene, fourteene
eleuen, ten, nine, eight, seuen, sixe and an halfe, ten, ten,
sixe and a halfe, seuen, fiue, foure and an halfe, foure and
a quarter, fiue, fiue and foure fathome, hard .sandie ground.

' " This shoal is at the southern end of Banka .Strait, and is a
dangerous obstruction to the channel " (note by Captain Ottley).

- One of the ships of the .Sixth Voyage, under Sir Henry Middleton.
She had left liantani on the. loth see Letters Received^ vol. ii, p. 14;.

igt tttE VOYAGE OF

esteeming this the shoale described in Moles Plat, and not
that which we made it for. This night God mercifully
deliuered vs out of a great danger. For we passed by a
sunken ledge of Rockes/ vnder all our sayles, within a
stones cast of the top thereof, which was onely scene aboue
water, and, had not the noyse of the breach vpon it wakened
vs, wee could nothaue cleered our selues. Wee did let fall
our anchor presently, being in a great Tide girt, and
had seuenteene, seuenteene fathomes and an halfe, Ozie
ground.

The one and thirtieth [December], in the morning as we
rid, the high land of Sumatra was about [d/tr^ik] leagues off
vs, and one Hand a starne. The passed shoale or ledge of
Rockes on the star-boord side, and three small Hands on
our lar-boord bow, lying three square : way South three
quarters Easterly, one and twentie leagues ; wind at North-
west. Depth, ten, nine, eight, seuen, nine, ten, eleuen,
twelue, fifteene, twentie two fathome, about eight leagues
off the high-land of laua. We could not get in, because
it fell calme.

The first of January [i6i 3- 14] beeing calme, was most
spent at an anchor.

The second [January], hauing a little wind we set saile,
and about eight of the clocke met with the Expedition,-

1 " The entire channel is much studded hereabout with such rocks,
and a lighthouse is now placed on one of them (note by Captain
Ottley).

- She set sail from Bantam, under Captain Newport, on January
2nd {Letters Received, vol. ii, p. 14). The journal of Walter Peyton,
master of the ship, is printed in Pii7-cliase His Pilgrunes (\ol. i, p. 488),
and there we read, under date of January- 2nd : "this day, as we were
going out by Pulo Pan Ian, wee met with (ienerall Saris in the Cloaue,
come from lapan ; for whose letters, and the deliuery of foure chests,
the Captaine cast anchor againe. Also we spared him two of our
men, namely, Mortimer Prittie, Yonker, and Thomas \'alens, one of
our Carpenters Mates, whereof they stood much in need, for they had
not one Carpenter left aliue. Thus hauing also dispatched these busi-
nesses with the Cloaue, we set saile once againe for England, on the
fourth of this present."

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. I93

and vnderstanding that shec was boutid home-ward, laden
with Pepper, we writ by them to our friends in En<;land.

The third [January] we came to an anchor in l^antam
Roade, finding (to our great griefe) no lading in readi-
nesse. For which I iustly blamed those whom I had left
there to prouide the same, who excused themselucs, saying
that they did not as yet expect me.^

I questioned with Kevvee, the chiefe Merchant of the
Chineses (being come aboord to visit me), what price
Pepper did beare, and how he would sell. lie answered
that it was alreadie knowne ashoare that I was home-ward
bound and must of necessitie lade Pepper, whereof my

^ The following account of the events of Saris's stay at Bantam is
from the MS. diary of John Jourdain (Hrit. AIus. : Sloanc MS. 858,
ti". 102, 103) : —

" Att which tyme arryued the Clotte from Japan, vnexpected by the
merchants of the 8th voyage which laye at Bantam, beeing George
Ball, Richard Wesby, Cassarian David. Butt when Captain Sayris
perceiued that his ladinge was not prouided, he much stormed att his
Marchaunts ; butt they excused themselves, sayinge that hee gaue noe
order to prouide pepper, they thinkinge thatt he would haue spent the
Monson att the NIalaccas [Moluccas] aboutc buyinge of Clones,
because they had hard him saye that the Cloue should never goe home
laden with pepper ; soe that there was nott any pepper ready for his
ladinge, nor money to buye itt. Therefore I wasTaine to helpe them
in their neede. Although Captaine Saris thought itt to be my duty
soe to doe ; butt, beinge then of seuerall \oyages, I was att first in
some doubt to laye out any money for them, butt Consideringe that
although itt were for seuerall voyages, and the necessitie of the tyme,
And the little vse thatt I had then for money, I was contcnte to
buye some good quantitye of pepper for them. Soe thatt aboute the
end of January she was laden. Butt at the first arryuall of Captain
Saris hee seemed to bee very much moued because I was placed
Cheife by Captaine Best, and principallye because I had nott come
aboard before I knewe whatt shipp itt was, she beinge becalmed 3
leagues of the Roade of Bantam ; therefore I sente George Ikille in a
proa and to send me word whatt shee was. Soe thatt Captaine Saris
tooke such exceptions att itt that when I came aboard he would scarse
vouchsafe to looke on me, threatninge to carrye mee home ; to whome
1 awnswered that I was not there with my will, butt was more willin^e
to bee att libertie and goe home then to stale there, if his aucthoritie
did extend soe farre as to vndoe that which was established by annother
(lenerall. Whereatt he was very angrie, askinge whether 1 would
looke into his aucthoritie. Yea, said 1,1 am bound to see itt for myne
owne discharge. Then after his Coller was past, he began to be more
milder, and embraced mee, biddinge mee welcome. Soe wee con-
tynued ever after greate Amici."

194 THE VOYAGE OF

Merchants hauing prouided none aforehand, I might be
assured it would rise. He said it was then at twelue Rials
of eight the ten sackes, but he would not vndertake to
deliuer any quantitie at that price. I offered him twelue
Rials and an halfe for ten sackes, but found him so farre
off as that there was no hope of dealing at the present.

Note, that of the ten left in the Factorie heere for the
eight[h] Voyage at our departure for lapan, we found now
but fiue liuing at our returne. Betweene Firando and
Bantam wee lost only one.

The fourth [January] in the morning I went ashoare,
visited the Gouernour of Bantam, and presented him with
two faire Cattans and diuers other things of worth.

This day I bargained with Kewee and Lackmoye for
foure thousand sackes of Pepper, at thirteene Rials of
eight the ten sackes : Basse ^ three the hundred, and
appointed the Merchants to hasten the milling thereof all
that might be.

The iifth [January] w^as spent in reducing the seuerall
English Factories in Bantam to one Gouernment, and
setling them in one house ; also order was taken that the
expence of Dyet should bee more frugally managed, and
not spent in racke houses abroad, or on Hang-by Swarts
at home, as of late it had beene ; and that the Ware-
houses in the Towne should be fewer in number and better
looked vnto, as well it might be, the goods being with
more discretion orderly stowed.-

The sixth [January], in the revveighing of the Pepper
receiued the day before, wee found most of the sackes hard
weight, and many to want of what the Kings Beame did
allow. Wherefore I sent for the Weigher, vsed him kindly,

^ Allowance (see p. 214).

- Cp. Jourdain's letter sent home by the Clove, printed in Letters
Received, vol. ii, p. 14.

TAPTAIN lOIIN SARIS TO [Al'AN.

'95

intreated him to take a little more care and jjaincs to
amend this fault, which he promised to doc ; whereto the
better to incoura^^e him, I appointed the value of fiue Rials
of eight to be giuen him.

The sixteenth [January], being the Sabbath day, 1
stayed aboord. About two of the clocke in the afternoone
the Towne was all on a fire. Wherefore our Skiffe being
well manned was presently sent ashoarc to helpc the
Merchants to guard the goods. The wind was so violent
that in a moment of time almost the whole towne was
burnt downe, the English and Dutch houses excepted,
which it pleased God of his mercy to prcserue.

The twentieth [January], being ashoare, I procured
Lackmoy and Lanching, two Chinesa Merchants, to trans-
late the Letter which the King of Firando in lapan had
deliuered mee to carry to our King lames. It was written
in China Character and Language ; they translated it into
the Malayan, which in English is as foUowetli, \i/,.

To THE King ok (Irkat Britaine, etc.

Most mightie King, how acceptable your Maiesties louing
Letter and bountiful! Present of many worthy things sent mee
by your seruant Captaine lohn Saris is vnto mee, I cannot
sufficiently expresse ; neither the great happinesse I esteeme my
selfe to be in, by enioying your Highnesse friendship. For which
I render you many thankes, desiring the continuance of your
Maiesties loue and acquaintance. I am heartily glad of your
subiects safe arriuall at my small Hand from so long a iourney.
My helpe and furtherance they shall not want to the vttermost,
for the effecting of their so worthy and laudable enterprises of
Discouery and Merchandizing, greatly commending their forward-
nesse therein ; referring their hitherto entertainment to the report
of your seruant, by whom I returne vnto your Maiestie an
vnworthy token, wishing your Maiestie long life. From my
P[a]lace of Firando, the sixt day of our tenth moneth.

Your Maiesties louing Friend,

Commander of this Hand,

Firando in lapan,

Fov.NE .Sa.m-.Masam.
O 2

196 THE VOYAGE OF

They could not well pronounce his name, for Lanching
said it was Foyne Foshin Sama, But Lackmoy said as is
aboue written.^

The two and twentieth [January], such houses as the
fire had spared were now burnt downe ; yet the English
and Dutch houses escaped againe, thankes be to God.

The sixe and twentieth [January], heere arriued a Flem-
mish shippe of a thousand tunnes from Holland, called the
Flushing. At the Island Mayo- the Companie had mutined
against the Captaine, and had murthered him in his Cabbin,
but that it pleased God a Scotch-man reuealed the matter,
euen when they were armed to the exployt, so that they were
taken betwixt the deckes with their weapons about them.
In this shippe were diuers English and Scottish souldiers.
Shee stayed not heere, but towards euening set saile for
laccatra.

The seuen and twentieth [January], I went ashoare to
hasten the Merchants, diuers of our Company being at
this present fallen sicke. Our ship had now her full
lading in.

The first of February, the Darling^ was enforced to re-
turne hither, and order by common councell was taken, both

1 " This comes to passe by the China Characters, which in proper
names borrow the Characters of other words of Hke or nearest sound,
and therfore cause after mistaking, as loseph Acosta hath obserued."
— Marginal )iote by Purchas. It will be seen that in Saris's letter from
Plymouth {i/ifra, p. 209) he says, " the Kinge is called Foyne Sama
or Foyne Foshin ;" which suggests that Sam-masam is a misprint for
Sama. But Hoin would certainly not use this word m signing his letter.
No Japanese, of whatever rank, would ever speak or write his name with
Sama (which may be rendered Master or Mr.) after it. The copy of
the original letter, preserved in the Historiographical Section of the
Imperial University at T6ki5, is signed simply Hoin. Another name,
which he assumed when he became a monk (see note on p. 79), was
.So-shin. Is it possible that he signed Ho-in So-shin, and that the .S" was
misread as F by the copyist who furnished the printer's MS. to Pur-
chas ; and also by the copyist who wrote out the MS., preserved at the
India Office, from which this letter is reproduced?

2 Isla de Mayo, one of the Cape Verde Islands.

^ See p. 191 ; also Letters Received^ vol. ii, p. 16.

CAPTAIN JOHN SARIS TO JAPAN. 1 97

for her goods and present sending to Socadanna, and after
to Patane and Siam.

The thirteenth day [January], we got out of the Straights
of Sunda. Note that in the Straight of Sunda the Tides
set tvvelue houres to the Eastward, which is floud, and
twelue houres to the Westward, which is ebbe.

The sixteenth of May, 1614, we came to an anchor in
the Bay of Saldania,^ where wee found the Concord of
London, being the first that was set out for the ioynt stocke.-
We found the Naturalls of this place very treacherous at
the present, making signes vnto vs of the forcible carrying
away of two of their people. They had wounded one of
the Concords men very sore ; and whilst we were vp in the
Land, they did assault those that kept our Skiffc, carried
away our Grapnell, and had spoiled those that were left to
tend her, but that they tooke the water.

The nineteenth [May], heere arriued a Flemmish shippe
bound for Bantam, the Master, Cornelis Van Harte. We
remained heere three and twentie dayes, and hauing well
refreshed our selues, tooke with vs fourteene Oxen and
seuentie sheepe aliue, besides good store of Fish and Beefe,
which we powdered there, finding it to take salt well, con-
trary to former reports.

For ten days after our departing from Saldania, we had
the wind at North-west and West North-west, but then
came to South-west, so that we might goe our course
North-west.

The seuen and twentieth of September we arriued,
thankes be to God, at Plimmouth, where for the space of
fiue or sixe weekes wee endured more tempestuous weather,
and our Hues more endangered, then vpon the whole Voyage
besides. Since which, hauing had some spare time, I haue

1 Table Bay.

- See Letters Received^ vol. ii, Introduction, p. xxiii.

198 THE VOYAGE OF

collected certaine notes (in the lournall omitted) and haue
thought good, to cause them heere to attend the former
Relation.

Intelligence concerning Yedzo^ deliuered in the Citie oj
Edoo in lapan, by a Japanner, who Jiad beene there
twice.

That Yedzo is an Island, and lyeth on the North-west
side of lapan, and distant from thence ten leagues : That
the people are white, and of good condition, but very hairy
all their bodies ouer like Munkeyes. Their weapons are
bowes and arrowes poysoned. The people in the Souther-
most part thereof doe vnderstand weight and measure,
whereof within the Land thirtie dayes iourney they are
ignorant. They haue much siluer and sand-gold, whereof
they make payment to the lapanners for Rice, etc. Rice
and Cotton cloath of lapan is heere well requested. Iron
and Lead is brought to them from lapan. Necessaries
for the belly and backe are most vendible to them. Rice
transported from lapan to Yedzo hath yeelded foure for
one.

The Towne where the lapanners haue their chiefe resi-
dence and Mart, is called Matchma.^ Therein are fiue
hundred housholds of lapanners, who likewise haue a
Fort there, the Gouernour whereof is called Matchma-
donna.'^ This Towne of Matchma is the principall Mart
Towne of all Yedzo, whither the Natiues most resort to
buy and sell, especially in September, for their prouision
for winter. In March they bring downe Salmon and dryed

* Matsumae.

■^ Matsumae dono was the ordinary appellation of the dainiio of that
place.

CAPTAIN JOHN SAKIS TO I A PAN.

199

fish of sundric sorts, and other wares, for which the lapaii-
ners barter, which the lapanners rather desire then sihicr.

The lapanners haue no setled being or Trade in any
other Towne then Matchma. That further to the North-
ward vpon the same Land are people of very low stature
like Dwarfes. That the Yedzos are people of the stature
of the lapanners ; and haue no apparrell, but what is
brought them from Japan. That there setteth a vcrv
violent current betweene Yedzo and lapan, which commeth
from Corea, and setteth to the East North-east. That the
winds are for the most part as vsually they are in lapan,
viz : That the Northerly winds beginnc in September,
and end in March, and then the Southerly winds begin
to blow.

APPENDIX A.

TWO LETTERS WRITTEN BY SARIS ON HIS
RETURN.i

A Coppie of a letter sent by Generall Saris, dated the i th
June, 1 6 14, in Soldania baye, to the Captain generall oi
the English appoynted for Japan, etc.

HEARAS by certaine letters from the
Companye receaved out of the Con-
cord,^ thay wright mee of the send-
inge of a ship and pinnas for lapann,
with order to touch at Bantam for
such directions as I should leaue
thear : which tell this present was omitted, for that by the
Dragone and Expedition it was said thay would first vnder-
stand from me what success I had, whearfore I lefte onely
with Mr. Ball the Coppie of the Inuentory of goods remayn-

^ These two letters were found in a note-book kept by Thomas
Elkington, now preserved in the I. O. Factory Records ( J//j-r^//<;?«^(?//'j-,
vol. 25). Elkington was a factor who went out as second in com-
mand to Nicholas Downton in the Joint Stock Voyage of 1614. Into
his note-book he copied a number of documents which he thought
might be use in the voyage, these among the rest.

- See p. 197.

Ari'ENDIX A. 20 1

inge in the factory settled in Ferando, which be plcaseu lo
understande is one of the wester Hands of lapan, latt.
33.30'"', vari. 2.50'"' Easterly (?). Mr. Richard Cockes
cheefe, with seven English more, whear of Mr. Addames is
owne [one], who is now the Companyes servant. I hauc
obtained large priuilidges of the Emperor for trade, as per
certaine articles vnder his broad scale. Our vsage hath
bine goode ; and I hope the trade wilbe no less. Our Cus-
tome inwards and outwards to any parte of his Empier
Free. Rialls is not ther requested, the country afordinge
much siluer, which must be your principall rctorne. And
it [is ?] to be procured by China silkes Lankin •} Canton
Taffaties : Sattines : fine Sleaue :- drudgs of all sortes :
pepper : Syam leather of all sortes, with redd wood like
Brassill of the same place, well requested and will vent in
great quantiti : Steele in gadds^ or barrs, the Emperor
would take for 100 Tonns, which may be had at musala-
patan veary cheape : yf the Globe or James have brought
any store, it wilbe fitting you take it with you ; broad
cloths, stametts, browne, Blewes, violetts and blackes, will
sell at 15 or 16 Tayes the matt, which is little more then
2 yards ; the Taye of 5^-. ; thay have noe great vndcrstand-
inge in the choise of Cloth, but the nearer it is shorne the
better it will vent : Elliphants Teeth wilbe better bartered
with the Chinaces then put away ther : lead in Barrs and
great Ordnance will sell to good rates : Gusuratt Cloth,
viz. Ceetes,^ pintados, Pramport^ and Dutties of 5 rials per
corge is well requested. I would not wish you to take
in any pepper or China wares at Bantam, yf you com

1 Nanking. - Floss silk.

^ Or gad, a bar of metal, especially of iron or steel. " .Short pieces
of an inch or two inches long ;" " a Gad of steel, about eight or ten
inches long ''■ {A A^czc English Dictionary).

^ Chintz.

» A corruption of Byrampaul (see Byrammes, note p. 5).

202 APPENDIX A.

tyme enough to recover patanie and Syam by the begin-
inge of February, for at those portes you shall meete the
China lunckes, whear you shall have greater trade, b[u]y
much Cheaper, paye less Custom ; the pepper farr fayrer,
and be in the way of the monsoone in the fine^ of i\prill,
to carry you for Japann afore the wind ; from eather of
which portes the voyadge is vsually made in 20 or 24 dales
at most. Besides it is a temperatt place for your people, all
things very plentifull, and our nation resident in each
place.

Captain Cockes had order to dispach away a luncke
from Nangasaque, whearof Mr. Addames is Master, for
Syam in March last, and in lune or luly is to retorne for
Ferando againe with the Comodities aforesaid, which is in
very great request. It wilbe fitting the greater ship goe
for Syam, for that the wood will take a great bolke ; and
the smaller for Patanie to take in pepper and silkes. I haue
a sample of the wood which I carried for England, but
hould it needful] to sende backe againe parte therofvnto
you, Mr. Lucas Antony son or any of the Factors ther
being able to acquaint you therwith : also with the skines
I meane. I doubt me it is not true Brassell, but rather a
wood Called Cayoulatta,- which the China lunckes carry
much therof from Bantam, and was worth 4 or 5^. the
pecull ther at my tyme. And having Converted your
goods into siluer, which disbursed in China silkes,
Beniamine and spice for England, no doubt will make a
proffitable voyadge. Some lapan wares, as ritch Scritiories:
Trunckes, Beoubes,"^ Cupps and Dishes of all sorts, and of
a most excelent varnish, I haue in the ship ; But tell sale
be made I cann giue you no great Incouradgment to deale
therin, yett for 100* or 2000 Rialls cannot be amiss att
returne.

^ End. 2 jjge p_ 211.

•' .See note on p. 135. * 1000 (?j.

APPENDIX A. 203

I had laden my ship with clones at the Molliicoes, but
that the Flemings with force so ouercharged me both by
land and sea as the naturalls could no waye come to vs
with ther spice, albeit thay wear more willing- wee should
hauc it then tha)-, \-ett som fewe I had, and put off good
store of Guguratt Cloth at good rates for rialls at a place
called Tahanny in the Hand of Malkian,^ beinge one the
south side, lattitude 00. 26"', variation 3. 28"' westerly,
whcar the Fleminge hath noc fort. The Cheefe, whose
name is Key Malladia, vsed mee so well, as had I had but
the Companye of another ship, he protested to reuolte, and
with ther owne people in 4 or 5 dayes to sett us a fort, with
promise neauer to forsake us, so our nation, who tha)' wear
much affected vnto, would protect them. I aquaint you
hearwith, that yf the monsone will not permit the former
course, then yf you please, etc. I went to lapann by the
waye to the Estwards of the PhilUpinas, finding it a very
open sea, and not seeing any land tell in 25. 30"', but
returned by the Coast of China, which is very bould,
seeinge no danger but what proiectes it selfe. And thus
desiering god to giue a blessing to all our indeavors,
1 rest:.

II.

The Coppie of a letter concerninge couiodities both English
and otJiers vendible in lapann^ with the seauerall prices
of the same, written by Captain lohn Saris and sent
from Plymouth vnto the East India Companie in London,
dated aboard the Clone the 17'^ October, 16 14.

And Concerninge requestible Comodities vendible in
lapann- togeather with ther Currant prices in masses^

' Makyan. - Cp. Appendi.x B (p. 212).

■' .Sec note on p. 97.

204 APPENDIX A.

(each beinge 6d. sterling), I haue thought good to make
you aquaynted and to specifie the particulers thereof, viz.

Broad Cloth of all sortes, viz. blackes, yellowes, redds,
browne, blewes, stametts, the matt (which is two
yards) - - - from 3, 4, to 500 mass.

But thay must be low shorne, elce thay ar not so vendible.

Bayes,^ fine, of the foresaid Collors, and well Cottoned,-

in good request. Rashet Boratts,^ single and duble :

silke grograines,* Turkey grograines, Chambletts,-'' velluetts,

Sattines, Taffaties, Damaskes, the better wrought with

branches and figures the more requested. Holland Cloth,

from 2s. 6d. to 3^. \d. the yard, and not aboue that price.

Dyaper. Damaske lynnen. Threed of all Collors. Carpetts

for Tables. Muske, worth the wayght in Siluer. Guzuratt

Cloth. Leather guilded, painted with pictures and flowers,

the smalest worke best.

mass.
Pictures paynted, som laciuious, others of stories of warrs

by sea and land, the larger the better, from- - 2 to 300

Quicksiluer, the 100 Cattees, each Cattee being \\ li., from 3 to 400

Vermillion, the 100 Cattees from - - - 3 to 600

Payntinge for womens faces - - - o to 028

Copper in plates 125 li. waight, woorth from - 90 to 100

Lead in small barrs, the 100 Cattees, from - - 60 to 088

Lead in sheetes, the thinner the better, the 100 li. - o to 080

Tynn, in loggs fine, 120 li. worth - - - o to 350

Iron - - - - - - 2 to 004

S.teele, the 100 Cattees, from - - - i to 200

Syuett, the Cattee, being 20 oz., from - - - 150 to 200

1 " Bayes " seems to be baize, coarse woollen stuff; formerly, when
made of finer and lighter texture, used as a material for clothing
{A New English Dictionary^ s.v. baize).

2 Cottoned = furnished with a nap (^ New English Dictionary, s.v.
cotton).

3 Burat or Borato, apparently adopted from the Italian buratto, "a
sort of thin transparent cloth " {A Netv Etiglish Dictionary., s.v.).

* Modern " grogram," a coarse textile fabric formerly in use, made
of silk and mohair, afterward of silk and wool {Century Dictionary).

^ An obsolete form of " camlet" {A New English Dictionary., s.v.
camlet).

APPENDIX A. 205

f/iass.

China roote, the 100 Cattees or pecull - - 00 to 040

China sowinge gould, the paper of 5 knottes - - 00 to 003

Powder suger, the 100 Cattees of China, from - - 40 to 050

Suger Candie, the 100 Cattees, from - - - 50 to 060

Velluetts of all CoUors of 9 yards longe, from - 120 to 130

\'ellLietts wrought, of the same lengthes, from - - 180 to 260

Tafiaties, all Collors and good silkes, from 24 - - 030 to 040

Sattines, of 9 yards longe, from - - - 080 to 100

Sattines, figured, worth from - - - 120 to 150

Rawe silke, the Cattee 12 li., from - - - 030 to 040

Silke, vntuisted, 28 li., from - - - 035 to 040

Silke, twisted, from .... 028 to 040

Drinkinge glasses of all Sortes. Bottles. Canns and
Cupps. Trenchers. Platters. Beare glasses. Saltes. Wine
glasses. Bekers. Looking glasses guilt, of the larger sortes.
Muscouia glasses. Writing table bookes. Paper bookes.
Lead to neale^ potts. Spanish sope, sould for a mass the
small Cake.

Amber in Beads, worth - - - - 140 to 160
Spanish leather, Neates leather, with other sortes of

leather vsed for gloues, worth 6 - - - 008 to 009

Candaquins of China, worth from - - - 015 to 020

Candaquins of China, blacke, from - - - 010 to 015

Wax, for Candles, the 100 Cattees - - - 200 to 250

Huny, the pecull . - - - - 000 to 060

Pepper the pecull, yf ther be not much in towne - 000 to 100

Nuttmedges, the pecull . - . . 000 to 025
Maces not requested.

Campher of Barrowes- or Burneo, the li. - - 250 to 400

Sanders of Soloer,^ the pecull - - - 000 to 100

Collombacke* wood, the best waightie, the li. from 1.2. - 003 to 500

EUiphants teeth, the greater the better, from 4. 5. 6. - 007 to 800

1 Same as " anneal," to glaze, to fire.

- Baros, a port on the west coast of Sumatra, from which the chief
export of Sumatra camphor took place. Also produced in Borneo
(see Yule and Burnell s.7'.}.

3 Sandal wood, ? of Soloer, an island adjacent to Celebes, to the south.

•• Calumbac, the finest kind of aloes-wood, also called eagle-wood,
from the Portuguese a^ia'/a, a corruption of the Indian word (Yule
and Burnell s.v. Eagle-wood;.

206 APPENDIX A.

Rhenosseroes homes, the Cattee - - - ooo to 003

Hartes homes, guilded, from 3 - - - 004 to 500

Roach Allome/ much sought after and requested, from - 003 to 400

Thease seuerall Comodities aboue said wear worth thease
prices at my coming to lapan. And to the ende that prices
might not fall, I conferred at first coming with henry
browne,- Captain of the Flemish factory, acquainting him
that my intent was to settle ther, and that I had all the
sortes Comodities aboue said, whose valluation I perfectly
vnderstood, so that he need nott to suspect me to vnder-
mine him for any directions ; but yf he pleased faithfully
to accord with me, I would not vndersell him in any thinge,
but do my best to auance our Natiue Comodities. He
liked well of the motion, and promised to performe the
same f yett 2 daies after sould Cloth for 200 mass the
matt of 2 yards, for which before I came in hee had refused
350 masse, hoping to glutt the Markett, and to put of his
hands what he could, before we had licence to sell ; which
sudden fall made the naturalls to esteeme the less of our
cloth, which before was in far greater request then silke or
velluett, and much vsed by the better sorte in vests,
coueringe for ther saddles and cases for ther Cattans, etc.
But I make no doubt before this Mr. Cockes and the
Fleminge ar agreed and haue aduanced the price againe.

Nowe for the Comodities lapann doth ycald thay ar
thease, viz.

7/UtSS.

Hempe, very good, 100 Cattees (125 li.) worth from - 65 to 70

Collors for dyinge blewe allmost as good as Indico, made
up in round cakes or peeces and packt 100 cakes in a
farthell,* the farthell for - - - -50 to 60

1 This seems to be the same as " rock-alum," i.e., the massive form of
alum, as opposed to foil-alum, the same substance in the form of laminae
(Hunter's Encyclopccdic Dictionary, s.v. Rock-alum, and A New
English Dictionary).

^ Henrik Brouwer (see p. 81), ^ See p. 96.

* Fardle, or Ijundle.

API'KXDIX A. 207

//lass.

Dyinjje for white turning to redd Collors, made in farthells

or balls of 50, gantanges^ Mallayo from - - 05 to 08

Rice, very white and good, cased,- worth the Fardle - 00 to 08

Rice of the worser sorthe, the bull [bale] - - 00 to 07

Brymstone, in great aboundance, the I'etiill - - 00 to 07

Saltepeeter, worth the Cattee - - - - 00 to 02

Cotton wool), the pecull - - - - 00 to 10

S)'lucr and j^ouid in greatc aboundance. The gould as
fine as the barbary duckett,^ but so high priced as little
profitt can bee made therby ; the silucr is in Barrs, vvhear-
o( 1 send \-ou one for a sample, and in my Judgment yf it
wear cjuined^ into RialLs, without refininge, thay would
pass currant into the Indies.

Ferando is the place whear your factorie is settled, and
is one of the western Hands of lapan ; but ther resteth
onely Mr. Cocks and one more. The rest ar disperced
abroad to seuerall Hands, wher after sale of the Cargazon
thay carrie out, [they ?] retorne to him and take the like or
what elce thay by experience find fittinge, etc.

I vnderstand your ships bound thither ar of lOO tonns
apeece. Thay ar very fitting for that busines. And,
yf you please, lett ther Cargazons be of the seauerall
Comodities before said what you can procure at present ;
and of the Elliphants teeth good store, which I vnderstand
ar much better cheape then at m)- departur. Broade
clothes : 240 haulfe Clothes, which must be dclicattly sett
out, lowe shorne, well tillited,^ and packed in thynn sheet
lead. The lead will sell there to good proffitt. Lett \'our

1 Gantang, a Malay measure of about a gallon (Yule and Burnell,
S.7'. ganton).

- Taken out of the husk.

^ Ducat. * Coined.

^ Wrapped in tillet, a kind of cloth. Cp. Whittock, Co/)iplete Book
of Trades^ 1842, p. 246 : "the fillet, or little cloth used for encasing
glazed stuffs, etc., for the foreign markets was the first approach
towards pattern floor-cloth painting."

208 APPENDIX A.

cloathes be from 14 to 20 li., and of the Coullors aforesaid.
Four Chests of the greatest amber beads ; the smaller not
requested. Six Chests of the largest branched Currall that
may be gotten, which, yf the sailers doe nott spoyle your
marketts by carr[y]inge the like, will sell to an vnspeakeable
proffitt ; it wilbe fittinge that 5 or 6 faire branches well
pollished be causd ^ in leather boxes like our Jewellers
boxes, lyned with velluett. It will much aduance the sale
of the rest.

I wish that thease ships should be so dispatcht as that
thay may meete with the China lunckes to put off ther
Elliphants teeth, Currall, Amber, and som of ther broad
clothes for raw silke, both of lankinge- and Canton, and
other such China wares as is aboue said, but raw silkes
cheefly ; and better it wear to meete and trade with them
at Patania and Syame then at Bantam, for you shall buy
cheaper, have more sortes of Comodities, and pay less
Custom and be reddie in the fine of Maye to take the first
monson and goe for lapann with ther raw silke, pepper,
brassell wood and skinnes.

In the begininge of February the China luncks com
both to Patania and Syam, so that it wilbe fitt that the one
be at Patania to lade raw silke and pepper, which is much
fayrer then Bantam pepper, and the other at Syam to lade
silkes, brassell wood and skinnes, Comodities which at
lapan will yeald present barrs of siluer and gould. Som
rialls thay must haue with them ; for the first todeale with
the Chineses 10,000 rialls wilbe sufficient, but hearafter
thay shall need none, for lapan^ rialls do loose 20 per
cento ; for a riall of 8 stand you in 4s. 6d., which will yeald
ther but 3^-. 6d., which is 7 mass, that is 25 per cento
losse ; but thay allow 5 per cento for the finest of the
rialls.

1 Cased? - Nanking. ^ In Japan?

APPENDIX A. 209

You shall not need to send aii}- letter to the Emperor,
onely to the Kinge of Ferando and his sonnc, whomc you
may includ in one. The Kinge is called Foyne Sama or
Foyne Foshin,^ and his sonne is called Tone Sama ;
because your factorie is ther, yf you please to send vnto
them some small present, for thay hauc bine, and ar, very
louing vnto our nation : and vowed enimie to the Spaniars
and Portingalls ; the fittest things for the ovvld Kinge wilbc
a vest of delicatt fine blackc cloth lyned through with
blacke coniskinns made sweete ; to his sonne a faire
headpeec and gorgett, a boxe of all such thinges as ar
belonging to a faulconer, quayle calls, a mastife, a watter
spaniell, and a faire grayhound. You shall not need to
send any linker-boats- in your ships to be sett vp ther, for
there ar in the Country which serve the merchaunts turnes
far better to tranceporte ther goods.

Vitualls ar ther in great plenty and very Cheape. A
ship of 200 may be trymed as well in Ferando as in
England, for ther ar all things fittinge and cheap. Men
you may haue for reasonable hier. The ships must lye
5 mounthes ther before thay cann retorne for Patania or
Syam againe ; wherfore yf you please to appoint one of
them to goe vpone discouery to the northwarde wher is
great hope of profifitt to be had, for the lapanders trance-
porte the greatest parte of the Cloth thay buy of vs and the
Flemings with the pepper to those parts. And yf you
thinke good to appoynt Mr. Addames Captain of the busi-
nes, it will stir vp his sperritts, who hath laine frutles ther
a longe tyme. I proposed to haue bought a lunck, and to
haue sent him vpone discouery of the Hand called Yedzo
in this draught of lapan which I send you hearwith, and is

^ See p. 196.

•- Probably " clinker-built" boats. The Company's ships often carried
with them the framework of a vessel, to be put together at the first
convenient spot in the Indies.

2IO APPENDIX A.

said to yeald great store of gould, siluer, and rich furrs.
The Emperor, vnderstandinge of my determination, liked
it so well as he intreated that a man or 2 of his might goe
alonge with vs, who should carry his order to his subiects
to ayd and assist vs in the busines : but the tyme of the
year would not permitt mee. Itt is to be thought that ther
is great hope of findinge the norwest passadg that way,
and is this year putt in practice by the Flemings yf ther
Mullocco busines haue not hindred it.

I make noe doubt but your seruant Edward Sares^ is by
this tyme in Corea, for from Tuschina- I appoynted him
to goe thither, beinge incouradged by the Chineses that our

^ Or Edmund Sayers. Mr. Foster writes concerning him :— " He
was probably a distant relative of Captain Saris. His career may be
followed in the Letters Received by tlie E. I. C, and in Cocks's Diary.
He left Japan when the factory was withdrawn, and reached Bantam
in January, 1624. In December, 1624, he was employed as a factor on
board the Annc{0. C, No. 1124). In November, 1625, that vessel
was sent with other ships from Surat to the Persian Gulf, and ' Sares'
was named as a member of council for the fleet. The date and place
of his death I cannot find. The Court Minutes of January 3rd, 1627,
say he died in \\\(tJonas^ homeward-bound ; and those of November
22nd, 1626, speak of him as dying in the Indies. 'Y\\& Jonas left Surat
in March, 1626, and reached home at the end of October. Ed. Saris
had pledged a packet of diamonds to her captain (Goodall) for 90/. ;
and in November, 1626, the latter made them over to the Company on
payment of that sum. Saris's 'brother and friends' laid claim to
the diamonds, but the Court told them that the deceased was exceed-
ingly in debt to the Company ; they promised, however, that if, on
making up accounts, there was found to be a surplus, it should be
handed over. On January 3rd, 1627, John Saris and Katharine
Foster, brother and sister of Edmund Saris, and administrators of
his estate, applied again for settlement of their claim, challenging his
'wages after the rate of 40^'. per month, being, as they pretended,
inlarged from 20s. per mo. to 40^^. by Captain Saris at his being at
Japan.' The Court denied Captain Saris's power to increase wages,
but desired the petitioners to resort to him and obtain a written
statement on the point. On the 29th idem, the executors came again,
and agreed to waive their demands for increased wages, or for the
diamonds, and to accept 100/. in full satisfaction of all claims."

"Edmund Saris's journal of his voyage to Siam in the Sea Adventure,

n 1615-16, is in the I. O. Marine Records (No. xxiv) ; also his

Journals of two voyages from Fn-ando to Cochin China (1617-18), with

notes of events in Firando from August 23rd, 1618, to January 8th,

1619 (No. xxvi)."

- The island of Tsushima.

Al'F'KNDIX A. 211

broad cloath was in Ljrcater rccjucst thcr then hear. It is
but 50 leaL^ues ouer from lapann, and from Tuschina much
less. I returned by the wayc of China, and found it a very
bould coaste, and in 25 daycs was at Bantam, where I
found your busines very confused, etc.

I haue sent a luncke from lapan to Syam and Patania,
wherof Mr. Peacock is Captain and Mr. Addames Master,
which in luly last I make noe doubt returned at^aine.
S[igno]r Lucas Ant°^ was at Syam, and Mr. Denton, who
sent of the same brascll wood to lapan by a dutchman one
John Yeonson, but for whose accompt I know not. 1 le
said he bargayned with Mr. Lucas to giue him 2 for one 6
mounthes after ; it came to 700 li. sterling, and was sould
to Brower, Captain of the Dutch, who soulde it the next
day in our sightes for reddie silucr.-

I desier you to resolue that lapan will proue by the next
returne more profittable to you then it may be you expect ;
and build vpone this slender aduisc, which I att sudden send
)'ou, for it is trewe.

I send you hearwith a sample of the wood, which [I]
doubt is nott brassell, but a wood called Caullacca f which
yf it be .so, may be had at Bantam in great cjuantiti for i|
rialls the pecull. The Chinesses buy much thcrof, which
maketh me the rather to thinke it is the same.

Att the Cape bonasperanca I mett with Mr. Haukines
and Mr. Boyle in the Concord,* by whome I received your
letters, and gaue such aduice as the tyme would permitt to
the Chiefs of those ships which ar gone out for lapan.

' I.e., Signer Lucas Antheunis. .See p. 98.

■■' See p. 99.

' Cayolaque. " A'rtjv/' " = "wood" in Malay. Laht is given in
Crawford's Malay Dictionary as "the name of a red wood used as
incense, Myristica iners. In his Descriptive Dictionary, howe\er, he
calls it the " Tanariiis major; a tree with a red-coUjured wood, a
native of Sumatra, used in dyeing and in pharmacy '' A'ulc; and
Burnell, sro.).

■* Cp. p. 200.

P 2

APPENDIX B.

OBSERUATIONS OF SARIS ON THE EASTERN
TRADE.i

Of all the chiefe and principall Townes for Trade in these
parts, with their scucrall names and situations, and also
what commodities they doe affoord, and what is there
desired.

A NT AM, a Towne situate in the Hand
of laua Maior, standeth in the latitude
of sixe degrees to the South of the
Equinoctiall, and hath three degrees
variation West. To this place is great
resort of diuers Nations, in sundrie
sorts of commodities. For of it selfe it affoordeth little
but victuals. Cotton wooll and Pepper, whereof the quantitie
may be at a haruest (which is in the moneth of October)
some thirtie or thirtie two thousand sackes, each sacke
containing forty nine Cattees and an halfe China, and each
Cattee twenty one Rials- and an halfe English. A sacke

1 From Piirdias His Pilgrimes, \'o\. i, p. 390.

- The weight of a rial seems here to be taken as (roughly) the equi-
valent of an ounce avoirdupois. The catty is usually taken at i- lb.,
that is, 21^ oz.

ArPKNDix i;. 213

is called a Timbaiif:;,' and two Tinibanges is one Peecull,-
three Peeculls is a small Bahar,-' and foure Pccculls and an
halfe a great Bahar, which is foure hundred fortie fiue
Cattees and an halfe. Item, there is a Coolack, by the which
the lauanes inost commonly deale, because they are not
very perfect in the vse of the Bcame ; it containeth seuen
Cattees and a quarter, and seuen Coolackes is a Timbang
(water measure) the w^hich is one Cattee and a quarter
greater then the Beame (there should be no difference, but
that the weigher, which is alwaycs a Chinesa, doth giue his
Countrimen leaue to get ; for according as he fauours, he
can fit them with a great or a small measure, at his pleasure).
Item, there commeth in the moneths of December and
lanuary to this place, man)- lunkes and Prawes laden with
Pepper from Cherringin^ and lauby,'' so that in the fine of
lanuary there is ahvayes Pepper sufficient to lade three
good shippes. Item, the King hath no coine of his owne,
but what commeth from China, which is called Cashes, and
is made of the drosse of Lead ; it is round and thin, with
holes to string them on, a thousand Cashes vpon a string,
called a Pecoo,^ which is of diuers value, according as
Cashes rise and fall, wherewith they know how to make
their accounts, which is as follovveth : ten Pecooes is a

' Milburn, vol. ii, p. 354, says, " pepper is sold by the timbang, which

is equal to half a Chinese pecul, or 625 lbs. Dutch J5ut the

natives not being expert in weighing, a measure called a kulack is
used, which contains 7j catties ; but this depends upon the quality
of the pepper, whether light or heavy." Timbang is literally " weight."
Coolack is Javanese and Sundanese kulak, Malay ktda/i, both a liquid
and a dry measure.

- Pikiil, to carry on the shoulder at the two ends of a stick ; hence
a full man's load, 1333 lbs.

•' Bahara (a word of Sanskrit origin), a weight of about 1 50 kilo.
This (not the larger, which is used for cloves) is the usual equivalent
in the Malacca Straits, viz., 400 lbs. avoirdupois.

•• Cheribon. '" Jambi, in Sumatra.

"' In Javanese these coins are called ^/V///> ; in Malay, p'ltis ; and
paku (a nail or peg) is the Javanese and Malay equivalent of the word
in the text, meaning things fastened together.

214 APtENDW B.

Laxsan/ ten Laxsanes is a Cattee, ten Cattees is an Vta,''^
ten Vtaes is a Bahar.

Item, you are to vnderstand, there are two manner of
wayes of the stringing of Cashes ; the one called Chuchuck^
China, the other Chuchuck laua, of which the laua is the
best ; for there should be two hundred Cashes vpon a
Tacke,^ but for the China Tackes you shall find but an
hundred and sixtie, or an hundred and seuentie : fiue
Tackes should make a Pecoo ; so that you lose two
hundred Cashes vpon a Pecoo, or an hundred and fiftie,
which will rise to a great matter if you deale for much ;
but by the law of the Countrey they are to be iust a
thousand Cashes vpon a string, or to giue Basse, which is
allowance.

Item, vpon the departing of the lunckes, you shall buy
thirtie foure and thirtie fiue Pecooes for a Rial!, which
before the next yeere you may sell for twentie two and
twentie for a Riall, so that there is great profit to be
made ; but the danger of fire is great.
. Item, the weight vsed to weigh Bezars,^ Ciuit*' and gold,

' This account of the manner in which Chinese cash were reckoned
agrees with that given in Milburn, vol. ii, p. 354.

- Utas is a string and is used as a numeral in association with
chains, cables, necklaces, etc.

■* Clu'ichuk, to pierce, and so a piercings or a string of.

* This seems but a translation oi paku, which is a nail or peg, but
apparently applied to a smaller number than pecoo ox pakii.

^ Bezoar. Milburn, vol. i, p. 135, says: "This medicinal stone
.... grows in the stomach of an animal of the goat kind, inhabiting
the mountains in various parts of Persia and India .... The genuine
Oriental bezoar is commonly of an oval form, and between the size of
a hazel nut and a walnut ; if larger, it is more valuable ; if smaller, of
little value. This stone is externally smooth and glossy, and com-
posed of several shining coats, like an onion, enclosing either a
powdery substance, or a nucleus, round which they are formed. The
colour most valued is a shining olive, or dark green ; but there are
some whitish, some grey, and some of a dull yellow. Purchasers
should be careful in chusing this drug. The real bezoar has little
smell, and no taste " (see also Yule and Burnell on " Bezoar").

*' "This substance is soft, unctuous and odoriferous, nearly the con-
sistence of lautter, and is produced by an animal called the Civet Cat.

APPENDIX T?. 215

is called a Taile/ which is two Rialls of eight and a
quarter, or two ounces English. Item, a Mallaya Taile is
one Rial! of eight and a halfe, or one ounce and one third
part English. Item, a Taile China is i ./„- Riall of eight, or
one ounce and one fift part English, so that ten Tailes
China is sixe Tailes laua exactly.

Item, the English commodities vendible heere are as
followeth : English Iron, long and thinne barres, sixe Rials
the Peecull. Lead, in small pigges, for fiue and twentie
or sixe and twentie peeces, fiue Rialls and a halfc the
Peecull. Powder, fine round cornd, the barrell fiue and
twentie Rials. Peeces square, sanguined,^ the pcece ten
Rialls, of sixe foot long. Peeces square, damasked all
ouer, fifteene Rialls, of sixe foote long and a halfe. Broad-
cloth of ten pound the Cloath, of colour Venice Red, a
Gasse, which is three quarters of a yard, three Rialls of
eight. Opium Misseree,^ which is the best, eight Rialls the
Cattee. Amber, in great beads, one Wamg* and a halfe,
Taile Mallaya,"' sixe Rialls of eight. Corall, in large
branches, fiue and sixe Rialls, the weight of the Taile

They are confined in cages, and when irritated, throw out the civet,
which is carefully scraped off. It is brought from the Brazils,
(luinea, and the interior of Africa. Lord Valentia brought home
from Abyssinia a horn full of it, which is of a dark brown colour,
unctuous, somewhat resembling Labdanum, of a very powerful smell,
far from fragrant or agreeable. Its principal use is as a perfume, and
when genuine is worth from 30^-. to 40^-. an ounce" (Milburn, vol. i,
p. 104).

^ Tahil, 16 to ^ kati, said to derive from the Hind, /o/a, Sanskrit
tula, a balance, tu/, to lift, to weigh (see Vule and IJurneli,
s.v. tola).

'-' I.e. muskets, reddened with a lacquer or \arnish often applied to
sword-blades.

^ Misseree = ;///.yr/, Arabic for " Egyptian," i.e. Turkish opium.

^ IVang is both Javanese and Malay for money; a wang'xs worth
2^ cents, or rather that is the value of a luang bharic or "new
wang."

■' This probably means one wang and a half |)cr bead, or six reals
of eight per lahil of Malay weight.

2l6 APPENDIX B.

Mallaya. Rialls of eight, the principallcst commodities
you can carry.

Item, in the Moneths of February and March, heere
commeth three or foure lunckes from China, very richly
laden with Silkes raw and wrought, China Cashes,
Purseline,^ Cotton cloath of diuers fashions and prices, as
followeth, viz. Raw-silke of Lamking,- which is the best,
an hundred and ninetie Rialls the Peecull. Raw-silke of
Canton, which is courser, eightie Rials the Peecull. Taffata
in boults, an hundred and twelue yards the peece, fortie
six Rials the Corge ^ (twenty peeces), Veluets all colours,
thirteene yards the peece, twelue Rialls the peece.
Damaske, all colours, twelue yards the peece, sixe Rialls
the peece. White Sattins, twelue yards long the peeces,
eight Rialls. Burgones, ten yards long the peece, fortie
fine Rialls the Corge. Sleue-silke, the best made colours,
three Rialls the Cattee. Muske the best, two and twentie
Rialls the Cattee. Sewing Gold the best, fifteene knots,
euery knot thirty strings, one Riall. Veluet Hangings
imbroydered with gold, eighteene Rialls : vpon Sattins,
fourteene Rials. White Curten stuffes, nine yards the
peeces, fiftie Rialls the Corge. White Damask Flat, nine
yards the peeces, foure Rials. Sugar, white, the Peecull,
three Rials and a halfe, very drie. Sugar Candy, very drie,
flue Rials the Peecull. Purseline Basons the peeces, two
Rialls, very broad and fine. Callico cloath, course, white
and browne, fifteene Rialls the Corge. Course Purseline,
Drugges, and diuers other commodities they bring, but
because they are not for our Countrey, I doe omit.
Beniamine very good and white, fiue and thirtie, and thirtie
Rialls the Peecull. Lignum-Aloes, eightie Rialls the

^ Porcelain. 2 Nanking.

•* See note on p. 5. This word is still in use in the commerce of the
East ; the Malay and Sundanese form is "kodi," the Indian " kori |'
(see " Corge '" in Yule and Burnell).

ArM'Kxnix [',. 217

PeecuU. Allum, wliich is as good as the English, and
comes from China, two Rialls and a halfe the Peecull.
Choromandell Cloath is a principal! commoditie heere. The
most vendible sorts are called Goobares ; ^ Pintadoes of
foure and fine coucts:- Fine Tappies-"' of Saint Thomas,
Ballachos, laua Girdles, alias Caine-Goolong,'' C'allico
Launes, Booke-Callicos, and Callicos made vp in rowles,
white. Item, a Goober is double, and containcth twelue
yards, or sixe Hastaes'' single. Item, Ballachos, course and
fine, containing two and thirtie or foure and thiitie Ilastaes,
but the finest are alwayes longest.

Item, the fine Tappyes of Saint Thomas, sixe Hastaes.
Item, Moorees'' is a fine sort of cloath, but not very much vsed
heere, for it is dcare and short, containing sixteene Has-
taes, at two Rialls and a quarter. Item, Booke Callicos,
if they be not corted," are two and thirtie Hastaes. Item,
all sorts of Mallayan cloath are generally eight Hastaes
long, wherefore it is called Cherra Mallaya.'^ Item, generally
all sorts of Cotton cloath, which is broad and of good
length, is well requested heere.

Item, Callico Lawnes, white and red, are two and thirtie
Hastaes. Item, a Hasta is halfe a yard, accounted from
your elbow to the toppe of your middle finger. Item, the
Kings Customes heere are as foUoweth : the Kings Cus-

^ Kain^ebdr, in Malay, a large plaid-patterned cloth, sometimes of
silk, in which Malays roll themselves up to sleep.

'^ Covid, from Portuguese covado, an ell. Milburn, vol. ii, p. 10,
says the covid in cloth measure is iS inches at Madras, and
Coromandel cloths were probably sold by this measure.

^ Is Tappy the same as tepoy in the list given by Yule and Iknnell,
s.v. Piece-goods ?

■* Giilong, to roll ; caine or katn^ a cloth material.

'" Hasta, according to Milburn, vol. ii, p. 354, is a measure of 18
inches. See ne.xt paragraph but one.

* These are enumerated in the list of piece-goods at p. 535 of Yule
and Burnell.

' Shortened. "" See note on \). 61.

2l8 APPENDIX T5.

tome called Chukey/ is eight bagges vpon the hundred
bagges, rating Pepper at foure Rials of eight the sacke,
what price soeuer it beares. Billa-bilHan- is, if any ship
arriue in the Roade, laden with cloath or such like, the
King is to be made acquainted therewith, and with the
sorts, quantitie, and price thereof, before you may land
any part : then hee will send his Officers, and such sorts
as he likes, he will haue at the halfe of your price, or some-
what aboue, as you can agree ; for if you prise your cloath
at twentie Rialls for Gorge, hee will giue you but fifteene
or sixteene Rialls a Gorge : but the Flemmings course
hath been to giue him seuen or eight hundred Rialls at
a time for a shippes lading, to cleare them of the dutie and
trouble. But by the custome of the Gountrey, this dutie is
vpon sixe thousand sackes of Pepper, sixe hundred sixtie
sixe Rialls, if you lade Pepper ; otherwise to take so many
thousand sackes of the King at halfe a Riall, or three
quarters of a Riall v'pon a sacke, more then the price
currant is in the Towne.

Item, if you shall haue prouided afore-hand sufficient
lading to dispatch your shippes, yet you are to pay for this
dutie as aforesaid, or else the}- will not permit \-ou to lade.

Item, Rooba, Rooba,^ is a duty for anchorage, and is
vpon sixe thousand sackes fiue hundred Rialls of eight.
Item, the Sabandars^ duty is vpon sixe thousand sackes
two hundred fiftie Rials. Item, the Waighers dutie is one
Riall vpon an hundred sackes. Item, the lerotoolis^ or

^ Javanese and Malay for tax, impost, customs.

'^ Belian^ from beli^ to buy : this word is probably bcli-belian. i.e.,
things to buy ; merchandise.

It might be bclaJi-bclian^ to split or divide the merchandise, alluding
to the share taken by the King, but the form is doubtful, though the
alternative expression, "laba," seems to point that way.

^ Ruba-ruba, anchorage due.

* Shahbandar, lord or master of the port.

■" Jtiro-tiiUs^ a clerk (Juro, an officer ; iuh's, to write) : / is a misprint
fory, owing to the type ha\ ing Ijcen badly "distributed."

ArPENMx i;. 210

Waighers belonging to the Customc-housc, their dutie is
one Riall for an hundred sackes.

lortan^ is to the Eastwards of lacatra, it is called Scre-
baya. It affoordeth of itsclfc victuals, and great store of
Cotton-wooll, and spun yarnc. There commeth many
lunkes from lanby,- whose lading is Pepper : also there
are small Prawes"^ of the Towne, which goe to Banda ; so
that there are some few Mace and Nuts to be had there.

Mackassar* is an Hand not farre from the Celebes. It
affoordeth great store of Bezar stones, which may be had
reasonably : also rice and other Victualls great plentic.
There arc lunkes'' also which trade to Banda, so that a
small quantitie of Mace and Nuts is there to be had also.

Balee is an Hand to the Eastwards of Mackassar, stand-
in<7 in eic^ht dccffecs and an halfe to the South of the
Equinoctiall. It hath of it selfe great store of Rice,
Cotton-yarne, slaues, and course white cloth, well requested
at Bantam. The commodities for this place are the
smallest sort of blue and white beads, Iron, and course
Purseline.

Tymore-' is an Hand which lyeth to the East-ward of
Baly, in the latitude of tenne degrees, fortie minutes.
This place affoordeth great store of Chindanna,^ by vs

1 Valentijn (Besc/ir. van Groot Jaiui, p. 48), sa)s tliai at tlie begin-
ning of the seventeenth century Joartan was subject to Soerabaja.

- Jambi. ■' Malay, Frahu.

* Malay, Mengkdsar.

^ Malay and Javanese cjting^ and ju//g, but more commonly sounded
the latter. The derivation has not been settled. Yule rejects the pro-
posed Chinese origin ; one Malay scholar suggests the Persian yV/;/^,
signifying war; another the Chinese y<7;//, arms, both of which seem
applicable.

There appears to be a Malay shell-fish mimed cjc/ig or ajong ; per-
haps its shape might have suggested a likeness to the Malays on first
seeing the cumbrous Chinese vessels. Argcnsola speaks of "<:r^;^7?<^J•
[i.e., cora-cora) called ' janguas' by the Ternatans.'

'' " Timor'' means east in Malay.

' Garcia de Orta, quoted in Yule and liurnell, p. 597, says : " The
Sandal grows about Timor, which produces the largest quantity, and
it is called rhundmtn" \\x\(i and I]urnell give .Sanskrit clitvidint't a--
tiie nri'jiiial Icim.

220 APPENDIX B.

called white Saunders ; the greatest logges are accounted
best. It is worth at Bantam twentie Rials of eight the
Peecull, at the comming of the lunkes. Waxe in great
cakes, worth at Bantam eighteene, nineteene, twentie,
thirtie Rials the Peecul, as the time serues. Item, you
must be verie carefull in the choosing of it, for there is
great deceit therein ; wherefore you must breake it, to see
whether it bee mingled or not.

The Commodities which are carried thither, are Chopping-
Kniues, small Bugles, Porseline, coloured Taffataes (but no
blackes), China frying-l'annes, China bels, and peeces of
siluer beaten flat and thin as a wafer, of the bredth of a
hand. Item, there is great profit made of this trade, for
the Chinese haue giuen to our men which aduentured with
them thither, foure to one.

Banda lyeth in the latitude of fiue degrees to the South-
wards of the Equinoctiall. It afifoordeth great store of
Mace and Nutmegs, with Oyle of both sorts. It hath no
King, but is gouerned by a Sabandar, which ioyneth with
the Sabandars of Nero, and Lentore, Puloway, Pulorin, and
Labatacca,^ Hands neare adioyning. These Hands in
former times haue been vnder the gouernment of the King
of Ternata, but at this present they gouerne of themselues.
Item, on these Hands is haruest thrice a yeare, viz. in the
Moneth of luly, October and February. But the gather-
ing in luly is the greatest, the which is called the Monson
Arepootee.-

Item, the manner of dealing for their price is as followeth.
A small Bahar is tenne Cattees Mace, and an hundred

1 Neira, Lonthoir (of het hooge Land van Banda), Poelo Ay, Poelo
Rhun, according to Valentijn in his Naaukeurige Verhanderlingvan
Banda; Labetakka being the name of a place of importance in Neira.

2 Hari (day), pictih (white). Purchas adds in a marginal note :
"From Poolo Swange [^«7(.'««^/ ('notSuwanggi), evil spirit] alias the
deuils Hand, comes the foule called Casuarie."

APPENDIX 15. 22 1

Cattees Nuts ; and a j^reat Bahar Mace is an hundred
Cattees, and a thousand Cattees Nuts ; and a Cattee is fiue
pound, thirteene ounces and an halfe Engh'sh. The prices
variable.

Item, The Commodities requested in these Hands are
Choromandel cloth, Cheremallaw, viz. Sarasses, Pintados
of fiue Coueyts, fine Ballachos, blacke Girdles, Chellyes,
white Callicoes, broad cloth Stammell, Gold in coyne, viz.
Rose-nobles of England and the low Countreys, Royalls of
eight (Item, you shall haue that there, for seuenty Rialls in
Gold, which will cost you ninetie in Rialls), China Basons
fine, large, and without brims, Damasks of light colours,
TafFataes, Veluets, China Boxes or Counters gilded. Gold
chaines, Plate cups gilded. Head-pieces bright damasked,
Peeces for shot, but not many, Sword blades braud and
backt to the point. Item, Cambaya Cloth, Callicoes blacke
and red, Callico lawnes &c. Item, Rice is a very good
commoditie to carrie thither.

The Hands of the Moluccos are fiue, viz. Molucco, Ter-
nate, Tydore, Gelolo, Mackean, and are vnder the Equinoc-
tiall line. These Hands affoord great store of Clones, not
euery yeare, but euery three yeares. The Cattee there is
three pound fiue ounces English, the Bahar two hundred
Cattees. Item, nincteene Cattees Ternata makes fifty
Cattees Bantam exactly.

The commodities vendible for these places, are Choro-
mandell cloth, Cheremallaw, but fine ; and Siam girdles,
Salolos, fine Ballachos and Chelleys arc best requested.
Item, China Taffata, Veluets, Damaske, great Basons,
varnished Counters, Broad cloath crymson, Opium and
Beniamin, etc.

Siam lieth in the latitude of foureteen degrees & a halfe
to the Northward of the Equinoctial. It affoords great
store of very good Beniamin, and man\- rich stones, which
are brought tiiiiher from Pegu. Item, a Tayle is two Rials

222 APPENDIX B.

of eight and a quarter. Item, here is much Siluer in
bullion, which commeth from lapan ; but Rials of eight
are in more request, for two Rialls and a quarter in coine
will yeeld two and a halfe in bullion. Broad cloth, stammell
colour, Iron, and faire looking glasses are well requested.
All manner of China Commodities are there better cheape
then at Bantam.

Item, the Guzerat lunkes come to Siam in the moneths
of lune and luly, touching first at the Maldiues, and then
at Tenassere, from whence they may goe ouer land to Siam
in twentie dayes. Item, at Tenassere there is alwayes fine
and an halfe, and sixe fathomes water.

Borneo lieth in the latitude of three degrees to the South
of the Equinoctial. It affoordeth great store of Gold,
Bezar stones. Wax, Rotans, Cayulacca,^ and Sanguis
Draconis. Item, at Bemermassin,'-^ a Towne situated on
this Hand, is the principallest trade for the Commodities
afore-said. Item, the Commodities requested there are as
followeth : Chromandell cloth of all sorts, China Silkes,
Damasks, Taffataes, Veluets, all colours but blackes, Broad
cloth, Stammell, and Rialls of eight. Item, Bezar stones
are there bought by the Taile, which is the weight of one
Riall and an halfe of eight, for fine or sixe Rials the Taile,
which is one Ounce and the third part English.

Soocodanna is a Towne situate vpone Borneo, in the lati-
tude of one degree and an halfe to the South of the Equi-
noctiall, and is North-east from Bantam one hundred and
sixtie leagues. There is in the entrance of the harbour

^ See note on p. 211.

- Banjar Massin. " Is situated a considerable distance up a river,
which empties itself into the sea near Point Salatan, the southern
extremity of Borneo, in hititude 30° 51' South. There was formerly a
town of that name, about 12 English miles from the sea ; but it is
now removed about six miles higher up, and called Tattas " (Milburn,
vol. ii, p. 414).

.\I'I'E\I>!\ H. 223

fiue fathomes, and at low water three fathomcs, a I^^aulcon
shot of[f] the shore, Ozic sj^rouiul.

To this place is great Trade in lunkes and Prawes, for it
yeeldeth great store of Diamonds, the which are accounted
the best in the world. There is store to be had at all times,
but specially in the moneths of lanuary, Aprill, luly and
October, but the greatest quantitie in lanuarx' and Aprill,
at which times they are brought downe the Riuer called
Laue^ by Prawes. The manner of getting of them is as
you diue for Pearle. The reason why more quantitie is
gotten in one Moneth then in an other is, for that in luly
and October there falleth so much raine that it riseth nine
fathomes, which causeth such a streame that they can
hardly diue, and in the other moneths there is but foure,
or foure fathomes and an halfe, which is Ijeld the best depth
for their diuing.

Item, Commodities vendible and in request here at
Soocodanna, are Mallacca Pintados, verie fine, Sarrassa,
Goobares, Poulings, Chera laua, Callico Lawnes, China
Silkes light colours, sewing Gold, sleaueSilke, Broad cloth,
Stammell, all sorts of small Bugles'^ (Bugles which are
made in Bantam, of colour blue, and in fashion like a
Tunne, but of the bignesse of a Beane, and cost at Bantam
foure hundred a Riall of eight, worth at Soocodanna a
Masse the hundred, the Masse beeing three quarters of a
Riall of eight), China Cashes, Rialls of eight, but princi-
pally Gold, without which you can doe little, for you shall
haue a stone for one Riall in Gold, which you shall not
haue for a Riall and an halfe, or a Riall and three quarters,
in siluer.

Item, you are to vnderstand that it is the best course
when you are bound for this place, to goc for Bemermassen
first, where )'ou may barter the Commodities aforesaid for

^ Lava in X'alentijn s map. - Beads.

224 APPENDIX B.

Gold, which you shal haue for three Cattees Cashes the
Mallacca Taile, which is nine Rialis of eight, as I haue
beene credibly informed it hath been worth of late years.
And bringing it to Soocodanna you shall put it away for
Diamonds, at foure Cattees Cashes the Taile, which is one
and three quarters and halfe quarter of a Riall in weight,
so that you shall gaine three quarters of a Riall of eight
vpon a Taile. But the principall gaines must be in the
Diamonds.

Item, you must vnderstand that there are Diamonds of
foure waters, which is called Varna,^ viz. Varna Ambon,-
Varna Loud,^ Varna Sackar,* Varna Bessee.^ The first is
white, [the second ?] greene, [the third ?] yellow, and [the
fourth ?j neither greene nor yellow, but a colour betweene
both. But the white water is the best.

Their Weights ^ are called Sa-Masse," Sa-Copang,^
Sa-Boosuck,^ Sa-Pead.^'^ Item, foure Coopangs is a Masse,
two Boosucks is one Copang, and one Pead and an halfe
is a Boosuck. Item, there is a Pahaw which is foure Masse,
and sixteene Masse is one Taile, and by this weight they
doe not onely weigh Diamonds, but Gold also.

Of China wares, raw Silke the best is made at Lanking,

^ Warna, colour. ^ E/nbun, dew. ' Laut, sea.

* Sakar or Shaka}\ sugar. ^ Besi^ iron.

^ Milburn (vol. ii, p. 417) has the following table of weights :—

2 Busucks "^ C\ Kupang

] I Mace

4 Coopangs \ ^^^y^^

4 Mace j 11 raiiaw

4 Pahaw ) \ i Tale

^ Mas^ in Sanskrit a weight, and in many languages of the
Archipelago also a^old. Sa\ one, short for satii.

* Kiipang in Kawi, the ancient language of Java, worth 4 cts. ; in
Penang it is worth 10 cts.; also used as a weight.

^ Buso or busok, a weight, varying in different places, value 16 cts.
in gold.

1" This is difficult to identify. There are a variety of weights l)eIow
the " busuk," but none coinciding with this, in Malay.

APPENDIX B. 225

and is called Howsa/ worth there eighty Rials the Pcccul.
Taffata, called Tue,'- the best made at a small Towne,
called Hocchu,^ worth thirtie Rials the Gorge. Damaske,
called Towne,* the best made at Canton, worth fiftie Rials
the Gorge. Sewing Silke, called Gouswa,-'' worth one
hundred Rials the Peecull. Imbrodered Hangings, called
Poey,'^ the best ten Rials the piece. Sewing Gold, called
Kimswa," is sold by the Ghippau,'^ which is a bundle, each
Chippau conta\'ning ten Papers, and in each Paper is flue
knots, sold for three Pawes,'-* two Rials of eight, and the
best hath thirtie sixe threds in a knot. Sattins, called
Lyn,^*^ the best one Riall the piece. Great Basons, called
Ghopau,^^ worth three by the Riall. White sugar, called
Petong,^- the best one halfe Riall the Peecull. Purceline of
the small sorts, called Poa, the best one Riall the Gattee.
Pearle Boxes, called Ghanab,^^Uhe best fiue Rials the peice.
Veluets, called Tangoiounck,^* of nine yards long, fiue Rials
the piece. Sleaue Silke, called lounckes,^'" the best one

^ Nanking raw silk is called hiisz'.

^ Tue, taffeta, seems to be ch'au in Cantonese, but t'iu in the
Fuhkien dialect.

^ Is this perhaps Fu-chau, the first syllable of which is Fok in
Cantonese, Hok in the Fuhkien dialect ?

■* Towne is almost certainly the Cantonese tiin, satin or damask.

■'' Coiiswa seems unrecognizable.

" Poey is perhaps Pii-wei in the Mandarin dialect.

" Chinese for "gold thread."

*> Cantonese, shup-pa, ten bundles.

" Pawe is probably the same as paii^ explained in the preceding
note, i.e. bundle, or perhaps Chinese pao., another word having the
same signification.

^^ Cantonese bin.

^' U is probably for n ; in that case the word is shotipdn, hand-bason.

1- Simply Chinese for " white sugar ;" Cantonese pak-t''ong.

•^ Chanab seems unrecognizable.

^* T''in-ngo-yu7tg, Cantonese pronunciation of the characters which
form the word for velvet.

1' \'un^, Cantonese for floss silk.

226 APPENDIX B.

hundred and fiftie Rials [the] Peecull. Muske, called Saheo,^
seuen Rials the Cattee. Cashes'^ sixtie Pecooes the Riall.

Item, Broad-cloth, called Toloney Sasocke,^ which is
three quarters of a yard, worth seuen Rials of eight.
Loking Glasses very large, called Kea,* worth ten Rials
the piece. Tinne, called Sea,^ worth there fifteene Rials
the Peecull. Wax, called La,^ fifteene Rials the Peecull.
Muskets, called Cauching,*^ the Barrell twentie Rials,
lapon Sables, called Samto,^ worth eight Rialls the piece.
Elephants^ teeth, the greatest and best two hundred Rials
the Peecull, and small, one hundred Rials the Peecull,
called Ga. White Saunders,^** called Toawheo,^^ the best
in great logges fortie Rials the Peecull.

Item, the Custome of Pepper inwards is one Taile vpon
a Peecull, and out-wards no Custome.

Item, it is very straightly looked into that they carry
no munition out of the Land in any sort.

Item, in the moneth of March, the lunckes bound for
the Mannelies i- depart from Chauchu^^ in Companies,

' Musk is Shie hidncr\\\ Cantonese, y«/^£> in Japanese.

^ Cashes sixtie Pecooes. See above, p. 213. This means 60 strings
of " cash," exchangeable for one silver dollar.

^ To-Io-ni^ evidently not a Chinese word, is used in the China trade
for broadcloth (S. Wells Williams). Sasocke probably means "narrow
width."

* Kiua-kiug is Chinese for a looking-glass. Perhaps Kea is merely
the first half of this compound word.

* Tin in Cantonese is sck, of which sea is apparently a corruption.
" La is Chinese for wax.

^ Probably for kita-ch''iong, literally fire-spear.

^ The Japanese rvakizashi^ or short sword, is also called tan-to.
May saiiito be a corruption of this ? Sable is the same as sabre.

' " Elephants' teeth" (ivory) in Cantonese is tseung nga; it is the
second word, meaning " tooth," that Saris uses.

^^ .Saunders = sandal-wood.

'^ Tdn-kiaiig-uiu is good Chinese for "sandal-wood," and in the
Swatow dialect the syllable tun is sometimes pronounced toa ; but
how did Saris get the evident corruption 7u/ieo ?

'- Manila. 1* Perhaps Chau chau-fu.

APPENDIX B.

jj/

sometime foure, fine, ten or more together, as they are
readie.

Item, their lading out-wards is raw and wrought Silkes,
but farre better then those which they carrie for Bantain.

Item, betweene Canton and the ManneHes is ten dayes
sa)'le.

Item, in the beginning of lune they returne from the
ManneHes. Their lading is Rialls of eight, and there is
not lesse then fortie sayle in a yeare, which are bound
thither ; their force is nothing, so that you may take them
with your ships Boate.

Item, in this year 1608 Pepper was worth in China
sixe Tades^ and an halfe the Peecull, and at the same time
in Bantam worth two and a halfe Rialls the Tinbang.-

A note of requestable Coimnodities vendible in Japan, to-
gether with their prices there Current, being Masses
and Canderines, each Canderine contayning the iV ^if ^
Masse, viz :^

Broad-Clothes of all sorts, viz. Blackes, Yellowes and
Reds, which cost in Holland eight or nine Gilders the
Flemmish ell, two ells three quarters is worth three, foure
too fine hundred. Note that cloth of a high Wooll is not
requestable, but such as is low shorne most vendible. Fine
Bayes of the colours afore-said vendible : not according as
the Portugalls were, but well cottoned.

Saye.s. Rashes. Bouratts single. Bouratts double. Silke
Grogarams.* Turkey Grogarams. Chamlets. Diuo Geke-
pert.^ \\'eersct)'nen.'' Caniant. Gewart Twijne." Veluets.

1 A misprint for Tailes. ^ I.e., half a pecul.

' Cp. the particulars given on p. 204. The information here regis-
tered is obviously drawn largely from Dutch sources.

* Grogaram, a kind of stuft" so-called, with a large woof and rough
pile (see note 4 on p. 204).

■^ Diuo is probably a misprint for Ditto. Gekepert = twilled.

^ IVecrschijit, watered. ' Gewart^ twisted ; tivijn, thread.

228 APPENDIX B.

Muske, sold in weight against Siluer. India cloth of sorts
requested. Sattins. Taffataes. Damaskes. Holland-Cloth
from fifteene to twentie Stiuers the Flemmish ell, and not
aboue. Diaper. Damaske, the better it is wrought with
figures or branches, Threed of all colours. Carpets for
Tables. Gilded Leather, painted with Pictures and Flowres,
the smallest worke best. Painted Pictures ; they delight
in lasciuious Stories of Warres by Sea and Land, the larger
the better worth, one, two, to three hundred. Quick-siluer,
the hundred Cattees from three to foure hundred. Ver-
million, the hundred Cattees worth from three to sixe
hundred. Painting forWomens faces, the hundred Cattees
twentie eight. Copper in Plates, one hundred twentie fiue,
Flemmish weight, worth ninctie to an hundred. Lead in
small Barres, the hundred Cattees worth from sixtie to
eightie eight. Lead in sheetes (best requested, the thinner
the better), one hundred pounds Flemmish, to eightie.
Tinne in logs fine, one hundred and twentie pound Flem-
mish, three hundred and fiftie. Iron, twentie fiue Ounces
Holland, worth foure. Steele, the hundred Cattees, worth
from one to two hundred. Tapistrie. Ciuet, the Cattee
worth from one hundred and fiftie to two hundred. China
roots, the hundred Cattees or Peecull worth fortie. China
sowing Gold, the Paper, three masse, three. Powder Sugar
of China, the hundred Cattees or Peecull worth fortie to
fiftie. Sugar Candie, the Peecul, or one hundred Cattees,
worth from fiftie to sixty. Veluets of all colors, eight els
the piece, worth from one hundred and twenty to one
hundred and thirtie. Wrought Veluets like fabricke, worth
from one hundred & eighty to two hundred. Taffataes,
all colours & good Silke, worth, the piece, from foure and
twentie, thirtie, to fortie. Sattin of seuen or eight ells long,
the piece worth from eightie to one hundred. Figured
Sattin, worth from one hundred and twentie to one hundred

APPENDIX B. 229

and fiftie. Gazen^ of scuen pikes- or ells, worth from fortie
to fiftie. Raw Silke the Cattee, of twelue pound Flemmish,
worth from thirtie to fortie. Vntvvisted Silke of eight and
twentie pound Flemmish, worth from thirtie flue to fortie.
Twisted Silke, worth from eight and twentie to fortie.
Drinking Glasses of all sorts. Bottles. Cans and Cups.
Trenchers. Platters. Beere Glasses. Salts. Wine Glasses.
Bekers gilt. Looking-glasses of the largest sort. Muscouie
Glasse. Much Salt' Writing Table-bookes. Paper-bookes.
Lead to neale Pots. Spanish Sope well requested ; it is
sold for one masse the small cacke. Amber in beades,
worth one hundred and fortie to one hundred and sixtie.
Silke stockings of all colours. Spanish Leather, Neates
Leather, with other sorts of Leather vsed for Gloues, worth
from sixe, eight to nine. Candiques of China, worth from
fifteene to twentie. Candiques of the same place blacke,
the former being blew, from ten to fifteene. Wax for
Candles, one hundred pounds Flemmish, worth from two
hundred to two hundred and fiftie. Hony the PeecuU,
worth sixtie. SamelH of Cochinchina, the Peecull, one
hundred and eightie. Pepper, the Peecull, if there come
not much, worth one hundred. Nutmegs, the Peecull,
twentie fiue. Campheir of Barous or Borneo, the pound
hollands,-^ from two hundred and fiftie to foure hundred.
Sanders of Solier, the Peecull, worth one hundred. Callom-
back wood, good and weightic, the pound worth from one,
two, three to fiue. Sapon, or red wood, the Peecull, from
twentie to twentie sixe. Elephants teeth (the greater, the
better) worth from foure, fiue, sixe, seuen, to eight hundred.
Renosceros home, the lauan Cattee, worth thirtie. Harts
homes gilded, the piece, three, foure, or fiue hundred. Roch

1 Gauzes ?

- Pike, a Turkish measure (now about 27 inches), familiar to the
factors from their experience in the Levant.

3 Rock salt ? * Sandal ? ^ Holland ?

230 APPENDIX B.

Allome esteemed good ware, and enquired after ; that
which cost but three Gilders hath beene sold for one
hundred Gilders, but not euery mans money.

Note that the Chineses will commonly trucke for your
Siluer, and giue you Gold of twentie three Carrakes^ from
fifteene to twentie the Ounce Siluer ; but some times there
commeth much, and other some times little.

A Meino7'iall of such Merchandize as are to be bought in
lapan, and the prices as they are there worth?

Hempe very good, one hundred Cattees, beeing one
hundred and twentie pound Holland, worth from sixtie fiue
to seuentie. Eye^ colours for dying blew, almost as good
as Indico, made vp in round cakes or pieces, and packed
one hundred cakes in a Fardell, worth the Fardel 1 fiftie to
sixtie. Dying for white, turning to red colour, made in
Fardles or Bales of fiftie Gautins* Malios worth fiue to
eight. Rice very white and good, cased, worth the Fares,^
eight, three fifth parts. Rice of a worser sort, the bale
worth seuen, three tenth parts.

At Edo, Saccaio, Osacaio° and Meacow, is the best
Dying for all sorts of colours whatsoeuer your desire, viz.
Red, Blacke and Greene, and for gilding Gold and Siluer,
and is better then the Chinese Varnish.

Brimstone in great abundance, cost the Peecull, seuen.
Salt-peeter, dearer in one place then another, worth one
and a halfe. Cotton-wooll the Peecull, ten.

^ Carats. - Cp. p. 206.

2 At is the Japanese blue dye, obtained from Polygonum Tinctorium.

* I.e.^ Gantana;^ a dry measure equal to about a gallon (Yule and
Burnell), equal to 6 lb. Dutch (Milburn). Malios =: Malay.

" A misprint for fardle ? ® Sakai, Osaka.

INDEX.

Aanbon. Sire Amljoyna.
Abreu, AniDiiio d', xx\ i
Acosta, Joseph, 196;/.
Adams, William, xxiv, xlix, Ivii, Ixi,
Ixxix, Ixxxi, Ixxxii, Ixxxiii, 99, 100,
105, 115, 116, 132, 137, 142, 143,
159) '70, 171 ; letters from Japan
referred to, iii ; account of, v, vi, 80 ;
instructions to Saris respecting in-
tercourse with, xiii ; voyage to Japan,
xlvii, xlviii ; Saris's intercourse w ith,
at Ilirado, li, Hi ; estate at Uraga,
liii ; complains of his treatment by
Saris, liv-lv ; refusal to leave Japan,
Ivi ; translation of James I.'s letter to
the Emperor of Japan by, Ixxvii ;
letter on trading privileges, Ixxxiv ;
letters to, from Saris, 81, 83, 97;
Lucas Antonison's letters to, de-
livered to Saris, 102, 103 ; bark sent
to gather tidings of, 107, 108 ; arri-
val at Ilirado, 108, 109 ; character
of Spaniards entertained by, I lO ;
entertained by Saris, no, 112 ;
presents to, in, 135; accompanies
Saris on visit to Emperor of Japan,
120, 129, 130 ; visit to the temple
of Tencheday, 133 ; native wife,
135 ;/. ; suspicions as to his attitude
towards deserters from the Clove,
162; return to Ilirado, 174; sent
to Nagasaki to find deserters, 176 ;
return from Nagasaki, 178 ; dis-
honest dealings of his man, Iv, 179,
180 ; exchange demanded by, for
money lent, Iv, 180 ; made a mem-
ber of Hirado factory, Ivi, Ivii, 183,
201 ; master of a junk sent to Siam
and Patani, 202, 211 ; Saris's re-
commendation for the employment
of, 209.

Addams. See Adams.

Aih'ice, ship, Ixv ;?.

Affonso, Simao, xxvi

Albuquerque, xxvi

Alvarez, Jorge, xlv

Amakusa Islands, 77, 181 u.

Amaxay. Ser Amakusa.

Amboyna, Cape Merchant of Dutch
factory at, visits Saris, 23

Amido Idol, 140

Amsterdam Island, 4;/.

Andace, Captain. Sec Diltis, Andrea,

Anjiro, xlv

Anthewmes, Lucas. See -Vntcjnison.

Antonison, Lucas, Ixiii, 98, 99, 202;
letters to Mr. Adams sent by Mel-
chor van Santvoort, 102, 103 ; letter
from Saris to, 178 ; trade in Siam,
211

Antony, present to, 88, 89

Arima Straits, 78

Armeway, Ambrose, x

Arsaue, Francisco, visit to Saris, 55

AsciisioJi, ship, viii

" Ass's Ears, The," 77 n.

Atayde, Tristan de, xxix, xxxi

Attendant^ ship, lxv«.

Azie, John, death of, 63

Babu, King of Ternate, xxx, xxxi,

xxxii
Bachian : dominions of King, xxvii ;

Saris's visit to, xlii ; account of, by

Saris, 20-27 '■> L)utch fort in, 61 ;

yield of cloves, 58
Balcasar, Steven de, visit to Saris,

Bali, trade of, 219

Ball, Cjeorge, x, 193;/.; inventory or
goods at Ilirado left with, 200, 201

Banda, trade of, 220, 221

Banjarmassin, description of, 222//. ;
trade of, 222

Bantam, factory established at, under
GeorgeCamden, xxiv; Saris's voyage
from, to Japan, xlii-xliv ; Saris's re-
turn to, 193-197 ; reorganisation of
English factories at, 194 ; fires at,

195, 196 ; arrival of the Flushing
at, 196; return of the Darling io,

196, 197 ; trade of, 212, 219
Barneveldt Fort, 21 n.
Baros, 205 )!.

Bartan, Edward, 143

Base, small cannon, 55 «.

Bastian, 151

Bastienszoon, Cornells, xxxv

Batta China, yield of cloves, 59

232

INDEX.

Besero, Don Fernando, intercourse I

with Saris at Tidore, 51, 53
Best, Captain, Ixi, Ixx, Ixxiii, 193 «.
Bezoar, 214 n.
Blanke, 53 «.
Blocq, Captain Adriaan Martensz, 38,

39, 43. 45. 47

Blunt, \\illiam, death of, 13

Blvde Bo'idichap, ship, xlvii

Boero. See Bouro.

Bohejat, xxix, xxx

Bokemeyer, Die Mohtkken, by,
quoted, xxv, xxvii «.

Boles. See Boules.

Bon Diu. See Hasegawa Sahioye.

Books l)rought home by Saris, burnt,
Ixvii, Ixviii

Boompjes Eylt, soundings taken at, 7

Bootone. See Bouton.

Borneo, trade of, 222-224

Borro. See Bouro.

Both, Peter, 41 ; operations in the
Mohiccas, xl, xli

Boules, John, 48 ; misconduct of,
75) 76. 150 ; desertion of and search
for, 153-155. 157, 159. 162, 163,
165, 171, 176, 178

Boulton, Nicholas, death of, 13

Bouro Island, sighted by Saris, 17

Bouton, sighted by Saris, 13 ; obser-
vations on, 15-17

Bowles. See Boules.

Boyle, Mr., meeting with Saris at the
Cape, 211

Brack, ship, vi n.

Brito, Antonio de, xxviii

Brouwer, Henrik, 146, 157, 161,
170; visits to Saris, 8f, 87, 175,
176 ; presents sent to, 86, 88 ; re-
fusal to fix price of cloth, 96 ; at-
tempt to prevent his departure from
Hirado, 97, 98 ; departure for
Nagasaki, 98 ; dispute with Saris,
99, 100 ; dinner to the King of
Hirado and others, and mode of
serving, 161, 162 ; assistance during
fire in Hirado, 164, 165 ; negotia-
tions with, respecting trade, 206 ;
wood sold to, 211.
Brower, Henrik. See Brouwer.
Buddhist Monks, 79;;.
Buffelo, 12
Bulgaryn, Andres, visit to Hirado,

171
Buton. See Bouton.
Butt. See Both, Peter.
Byseere, Don Fernando. See Besero.

Caerden, Paulus van, operations in
the Moluccas, xxxix

Caia. See Kayoa.
Caliver. musket or harquebus, 124;/.
Cambell, Sir Thomas, Ixxiv
Cambina, sighted by Saris, 12
Cambodia, sighted by Saris, 187
Camboia. See Cambodia.
Camden, Edward, x ; Saris's letters
to, 25, 26 «. ; dishonest proceed-
ings of, reported, 67, 68
Camden, George, factory established

at Bantam under, xxiv
Canvas, 105 n.
Cape of Good Hope, Saris meets

the Concord ?A, 197, 200, 211
Carwarden, Walter, 143 ; left at
Hirado as member of factorv, Ivii,
183, 184
Castro, De, xxx
Cayolaque wood, 211;/.
Cecir. See Pulo Cecir.
Celebes, observations on, 10, 219
Cerqueira, Bishop, 140 ;/.
Chadar, 67 ;/,
Chakar, 67 ;/.

Charles V., Emperor, xxvii
China, intercourse with Japan, xliv ;
trade with Nagasaki, xlvi ; restric-
tion of external trade by Emperor,
92 ; coins, 97 n. ; refusal to trade
with English, 131 ; trade with junks
proposed, 208; Bantam trade with,
216-217; articles of commerce,
224-227
China-bata, sighted by Saris, 190 ;

dangerous shoal, 191
Christian, a merchant, negociates

willi Saris at Makyan, 41
Christians, conversion of a heathen
by, 139 ; proclamation against by
Emperor of Japan, 139 ; Jesuit col-
lege at Kioto, 141 ; persecuted by
Governor of Nagasaki, 155 "•
Citi. See Pulo Cecir.
Civet, 214, 215 «.
Clarke, Jacob, 151
Clovc, ship, X ; commission granted to
Saris, x-xvi ; voyage from England
to Bantam, xvii-xxv ; voyage from
Bantam to Japan, xlii-xliv ; home-
ward voyage, Ivii-lviii ; salutes
exchanged with the Hector and
Thomas:, 1-2 ; accident to, off Pulo
Laki, 2 ; complaints of cre\\' against
Boules, 75, 76 ; King of Goto"s visit
to, at Hirado, loo ; celebration of
James I.'s coronation on, 107;
Adams's visit to, 108 ; misconduct
of crew, 150, 151, 176, 177, 179;
desertion of members of crew and
search for, Ixviii, 153-155, 157, 159,

INDEX.

233

162, 163. 165, 171, 176. 178; rc-
quesl for seamen for, 179, 180 ;
complaint of delfts due from ship's
company, 182 ; meeting with the
Expedition, 192, 193 ; stay in Table
Bay, 197 ; arrival at I'lymouih, 197

Cloves obtained by Saris at Makyan,
IZ^ 34. yi. 3S. 43- 49 ; observations
on trade in the Moluccas, 58-62 ;
refusal of Dutch to allow Saris to
purchase, 203 ; produce from the
Moluccas, 221

Cocks, Richard, x, xiii, xiv, xvii,
xlvi, Ivii, Ixiii, Ixxx, Ixxxvii, 42, 54,
55, 84, 85, 89,90, 92,93, 103, 104,
112, 115, 118, 120, 176, 181 ; dis-
honest dealing of Mr. Adams's man,
Iv, 179, 180; left in charge of
Hirado factory, Ivii, 183, 201, 207;
musical instruments purchased by,
I ; diary edited, I «. ; visit to
Captain of Kachian Fort, 24 ; sent
on shore at Makyan, 34, 39, 45, 47 ;
proceedings respecting bales ofgoods
belonging to Hadji .Nlirza Tabresi,
67, 68 ; sent to deliver presents at
Hirado, 88 ; letter to Captain Saris,
94 ; his interference in Wickham's
quarrel with the Spaniard, 94, 95 ;
ring bought from, for King of
Hirado, 98 ; interview with Henrik
Brouwer, 99 ; sent with the King
of Goto to visit the Clove, lOO ;
interview with Matsura Shigenobu,
loi, 102 ; reception of Mr. Adams,
108, 109 ; Saris's instructions to, on
departing for the Emperor's court,
117; report on proceedings during
Saris's aV^sence, 143 ; account of a
feast and comedy at Hirado, 169,
170; dines with Unagensie, 174;
letter from Domingo Francisco to,
178 ; instructions left with, 184//. ;
ordered to send a junk to Siam, 202

Codskedona. See Kodzuke no suke.

Coins at Hirado, 97 //. ; in use at
Bantam, 213, 214

Coliver, Abraham, Iviii

Colphax, Simon, 153 ; misconduct
of, 150, 177

Comas, John, 178

Comedy acted at Hirado, 169, 170

Conaway, John, Saris saved from
drowning by, 66 ; drunkenness of,

105
Concord, shi]i, Iviii, Ix, Ixi, 200, 211 ;

meeting with the Clove, 197
Condor. See Pulo Condor.
Conjuring' in Hirado, 153
Cora-cora, 15

Corea, Edward Saris sent to, 210, 211

Coreans, massacre of and grave at
Kioto, 140, 141

Cotam. See Pulo Cotan.

Cotton Charters, Ixxvi //. , Ixxx

Crats. .SV<- Karatsu.

Craulye, John, sent on shore at Mak-
yan, 39, 45 ; dealli of, and sale or
effects, 66, 67

Crucifixion in Japan, 128, 129, 139

Culverin, 22

Customs. Sec Duties.

Dabis. Sec Daibutsu.

Daibutsu Image, description 01, 132,

'.33

Daja, Kimelaha. See Key Malladaia.

Dale, Richard, lix, Ix, 63, iiS, 143

Danvers, Mr., iii

Daiiini^, ship, xviii, xxiii ; spoken by
Saris, 191 ; return to Bantam, 196,
197

David, Cas.sarian, 193 n.

Davis, John, v

Dawes, Richard, x, xvii ; transferred
to the Hector, xxii ; dishonest pro-
ceedings on the Hector, 67

Dayalo, xxix

Daye, the steward, dishonest pro-
ceedings on the Hector, 67

Dayle, Richard. See Dale.

Deago. See Fernandos, Diego.

Dench, John, 153 ; quarrel with John
Winston, 177

Denton, Mr., trading in Siam, 211

Der Hagen, Steven van, xxxiii,xxxiv,
xlviii

Diamond trade in Borneo, 224

Diego. See Fernandos, Diego.

Discourse of Java, by Edmund Scot,
ix n.

Dittis, Andrea, 166, 168 ; house at
Ilirado rented from li, 88 ; presents
to, 103, 104 ; wager respecting
arrival of Mr. Adams, 108 ; illness
of, 167, 168 ; asks .Saris to intercede
for lives of two men, 181

Divers, women as, in Japan, 122

DJilolo. See (iilolo.

Dodsworth, Edward, 68//.

Downton, Nicholas, Ixv, 200 n.

Doy Island, Saris's visit to, xliii, 64-
70

Dragon, ship, viii, ix, 20, 2CX)

Drake, Sir Francis, iv ; visit to the
Moluccas, xxxi, 36//.

Duras, George, asks Saris to intercede
for lives of two men, 181

Dutch expedition to Japan in 1609,
ix ; struggle with Portuguese and

234

INDEX.

Spaniards for supremacy in the
Moluccas, xxxii-xlii, 59-61, 136,
163; account of settlement on
Bachian Island, xlii, 20-25 5 ^°^^^
in the Moluccas, xlii, 59-61 ; con-
duct of at Makyan, xliii, 34-48 ;
early trade with Japan, xlvii-li ;
opposition to English trade, Ixiv ;
boats searched by, at Tinga Java, 4 ;
dinner given to captain and mer-
chants at Tinga Java by Saris, 5 ;
junk spoken by Saris, 10 ; pas-
sengers in junk from Patani, 12 ;
boat at Makyan run into, 40 ; flying
of English colours by, 51 ; observa-
tions on trade in Moluccas, 58-62 ;
trading as Englishmen in Japan, 93;
entertainment to king and others at
Hirado, 161, 162 ; arrival of ship
FhishhigViX. Bantam, and account of
mutiny on board, 196 ; refusal to
allow Saris to purchase cloves in
the Moluccas, 203 ; hope of finding
North - West Passage via Yedzo,
210. See also Brouvver.
Duties on trade at Bantam, 217-219

East India Company, establishment
of trade with Japan, iii-vii ; com-
mission to Saris, x ; reception of him
on his return, Iviii-lxxiv ; trading
privileges granted to by Emperor of
Japan, 138, 139 ; Saris's letter to,
on trade with Japan, 203-211

Eaton, William, 68 ;z., 145, 159, 169,
172, 174 ; left at Hirado as member
of factory, Ivii, 183, 184 ; letter to
Richard Wickham, Ixxiv ; sent on
shore at Makyan, 43 ; report on dis-
honest proceedings on Hector, 67,
68 ; appointed caterer of the house
at Hirado, 104

Eclipses of the Moon, 65, 66, 164

Edens, Christitpher. bee Evens.

Edo. See Vcdo.

Elizabeth, Princess, King of Spain a
suitor for, 147

Elkington, Thomas, 200 «.

E7-as!itus, ship, xlix

Evens, Christopher, 76, 118; relief
given to father, Ixix ; misconduct
and punishment of, 91-93, no, 119,
120, 150; desertion of and search
for, 153-155, 157, 159, 162, 163,
165, 171, 176, 178

Executions in Japan, 95, 100, loi,
102, 109, no, 128, 129, 139, 182

Expedition, ship, 183 ;;. , 200; meeting
with Clove, 192, 193

Factory established at Hirado, 182-

184
Feirs, Anthony, 118, 143 ; desertion

at Plymouth, Ixiv
Fenton, Edward, iv
Fernandos, Diego, xxv, 43, 143
Firando. See Hirado.
Fleming's. See Dutch.
Flushing, ship, arrival at Bantam and

account of mutiny on lioard, 196
Foine Same. See Matsura Shigen-

obu.
Fongo dono. See Mukai Bungo no

Kami.
Fonseca, Vincentio da, xxix
Footeman, Edward, death of, 3
Foster, James, x, xvii, 156, 165, 169,

171, 172 ; Saris's instructions to, on

departing for the Emperor's court,

n8, 1 19
Foster. Katharine, 210;/.
Foyne Foshin See Matsura Shi-

genobu.
Franciscans, banished from Yedo,

139;/.
Francisco, Domingo, 174, 178
Francisco, a Swart, xxiv, xxv ; felony

committed by, 119, 120
Fuccate. Sr^c Hakata.
Fulham, Saris's residence and burial

at, Ixxv, Ixxvi
Fuller, Thomas, x, xvii ; assault on

Saris, \\ii. Iwii
Furtado de Mendoza, Andre, xxxiv
Fushimi, description of military at,

124-126 ; products of, and diet of

jieople, 126, 127

Gallinato, Juan Xuarez, xxxiv

Galvano, Antonio, xxx

Gambling, forbidden by the Com-
pany, 75 //.

Garcias, xxviii

Gelolo. .SVf- (;ilolo.

Geloof, ship, xlvii

George, the Portuguese, letter re-
ceived from by Mr. Cocks, 174

Gerritzoon. Dirk, voyage to Japan,
xlvii

Gift, ship, Ixv ;/.

Gilolo Island, sighted by Saris, 30,
31, 32 ; King killed by Prince of
Tidore, 55 ; trade of, 221

Globe, ship, vi, 190;/.

Goats, 127

Gomes, Francisco, intercourse with
Saris, 52, 53

Goodall, Capt., 210;;.

Gore, Ralph, Ixxiv

INDEX.

235

Goto, visit of King of. to the Clove at

Ilirado, icx>
Goto Shozaburo, nccount of, 1 15 «. ;

presents for, 1 15
Great Tawali, 31 « , 32
Gregorian Calendar adopted, i ;;.
Cirifjice)!, >hip, xlix
Groenwegen, Jacques, i «.
Grubstreet, 155 «.
Gueldres, ship, 190;/.

Hadji. 67 ;/.

Hagadis Island, 14;/.

Hair, King of Ternate, account of,

xxix-xxx
Hakata. description of, 121
Hakluyt, Richard, xv
Haleboling Island, sighted by Saris,

20
Halliday. William, Ixix
Hamersley, Mr., Ixx, Ixxii
Hanford, II., Ixix, Ixx, Ixxii
Harmenszoon, Wolferi, xxxiv
Harte. CnrneHs \an, 197
Hasegawa Sahioye, persecution of

Christians by, 155 ;/. ; visit to

Hirado and intercourse with Cocks,

155-159

Haulbowline. See Haleboling.

Ha^vkins, Captain Giles, meets Saris
at the Cape. 211

Ha'wkins, William, enquiries as to
fate of, xi

Head, John, 143

Hector, ship, viii, ix, x, xii, xvi, Ixv ;?.,
Ixvii, I, 2, 63, 67, 68 «. ; voyage to
Bantam, xvi-xxiv ; mutiny on, xxii

Heemskirk. Cornells Van, xxxiii

Hemmings, Henry, deserts at Ply-
mouth. Ixiv

Hernando- See Ximenes, Hernando.

Hidetada, ShOgun, presents to. Hi,
liii, 113, 134; account of, 114;;.;
Saris visits, liii, 130, 134; presents
to James I. and Saris from. 135 ;
Franciscans banished from Vedo by,
139;/. _

Hideyori, treatment of, by lyeyasu,
123, 124

Hideyoshi. See Taiko sama.

Hinsly, Mr., 64

Hippon, Anthony, 190

Hirado, previous history as a jwrt,
xHv li ; Saris's visit to, li-lii ; factory
estaljlished at, Ivi-lvii, 1S2-184;
arrival of Saris at, 78, 79 ; visits of
the King to Saris, 79-81, 83, 84, 90,
97, lOl, 102, 106, 107 ; description
of women, 83, 84 ; presents made
to the King and others at, 85-89,

104, 105, 106, 108 ; account of
?^ctresses at, 90, 91 ; custom of
punishing for drawing of weapons,
95 ; trade prices at, 96, 97 ; execu-
tions at, 100, loi, 102, 109, no,
182 ; money borrowed from the
King by Saris, 104 ; celebration of
James I.'s coronation at, 107 ; arri-
val of Mr. Adams at, 108 ; departure
of Saris from, for the Emj)eror's
court, 120, 143 ; return of Saris to,
142 ; feasts at, 1 44- 1 46, 166, 168-
170; houses measured, 147; typhoon
at, 147-149; burial of \\illiam
Pauling at, 151, 152 ; drainage of
streets, 152 ; conjuring in, 153 ;
burning of town pro]5hesied, 155 ;
mode of serving guests kneeling,
161, 162 ; fires in, and preventive
measures taken, 164, 166, 167, 168,
171, 172-174 ; debts due to inhabi-
tants by the ship's company, 182 ;
departure of Saris for England, 184;
translation of king's letter to James
I., Ixxix, 195; letters from Saris on
trade at, 200-203, 207-209

Hisanobu, 79 ;/.

Hoen, Simon Janszooti, operations in
the Moluccas, xl

Ho-in. See Matsura.

Hoop, ship, xlvii. xlviii, Ixvw.

Hounsell, Richard, 159, 182 ; sound-
ings round Bachian Island taken by,
26 ; sent on shore at Doy Island,
64. 65 ; disaftection of 120, 121

Hunt, Mathie, death of, 17

Icocora Inga. Sec Iiakura Iga no
Kami.

Itakura Iga no Kami, account of,
114 «. ; presents tor, 114

lyeyasu, the '"Emperor of Japan,"
xlviii, xlix, liv, hi, 108 »., 155;/.,
181 n. ; Saris's visit to. Hi, liii, 129-
131 ; correspondence with James I.,
Ixxvi- Ixxviii, 129, 137; trading
privileges granted by, Ixxix-lxxxvii,
131, 138, 139 ; correspondence with
the Prince of Orange, xlix, 1 ; pre-
sents for, 113, 129; account of,
114;/. ; treatment of Hideyori by,
123, 124; persecution of Christians
>'>■, 139

Jackman, Captain, voyage to discover
the Norlh-East Passage, iii, iv

James, ship, xxiv

James, a Dutchman, engaged by
Saris, 48, 57, 58 ; desertion of, and

236

INDEX

search for, 153-155. 157, 159, 162,
163, 165, 171, 176, 178

James I., correspondence with Japan-
ese authorities, Ixxvi-lxxix, 129,
134) I37> 195; presents sent to, by
Hidetada, 134; and by lyeyasu,
liv, Ixii, Ixviii, 137, 141 ; trans-
lation of iMatsura Shigenobu's letter
to, Ixxix, 195

Japan, establishment of trade with by
the East India Company, iii-vii ;
Dutch expedition to, in 1609, ix ;
voyage of Saris to, from Bantam,
xlii-xliv ; Saris's opinions and let-
ters on prospects of trade with,
Ixiii-lxix, Ixxi, Ixxii, 200-21 1 ; in-
tercourse with China, xliv ; early
European settlements in, xliv-li ;
discovery of, by Portuguese, xlv ;
Saris's visit to the Emperor, lii, liii,
129- 1 31 ; trading privileges granted
by Emperor, Ixxix-lxxxvii, 131, 138,
139 ; James I.'s correspondence with
authorities of, Ixxvi-lxxix, 129, 134,
I37> 195 ; description of women, S^,
84 ; account of actresses and prosti-
tutes, 90, 91 ; reputation of English
in, 93; executions in, 100, loi, 102,
109, no, 128, 129, 139, 182; de-
parture of Saris from Ilirado on
visit to Court, 120, 143 ; rude re-
ception of foreigners by inhabitants
of Hakata and Osaka, 121, 122,
141, 142 ; mode of travelling, 127,
128 ; presents for Emperor and
nobitity, 112-115 ; ship of war in
Shimonoseki Straits, 122 ; women
divers, 122 ; treatment of Hideyori
by the Emperor, 123, 124 ; products
of and diet of people, 126, 127 ;
account of the mint-master, 132 ;
audience given to Saris by Hide-
tada, 134; Spanish embassy to, 136;
persecution of the Christians, 139 ;
native Christians at Kioto, 141 ;
Spaniards to be sent to the Philip-
pines from, 163 ; music in, 170 ;
account of intercourse with Yedzo,
198, 199 ; articles of commerce for,
227-230 ; merchandise to be bought
in, 230

Jasper, a carpenter, punished, 94

Jasper. Sn' Malconty.

Jeddo. See Yedo.

Jervis, Lieut. -Colonel T. B., ii, iii

Jervis, Cavaliere \V. P., ii, iii

Jesuits, college and church at Kioto,
139 //., 141

Joartan, trade of, 219

John III of Portugal, xxix

John Japan. 143. 177
Johnson, Robert. Ixix
Joint Stock Voyage of 1614, 200;?.

Jonas, shi]3, 2 ID ;/.

Jones, Thomas, baker, attempts to

leave ship, 89
Jones, boatswain, 63
Jonford. See .Santvoort, MelchorVan.
Jourdain, John, account of Saris's

stay at Bantam, 193 ;/.
Juan, engaged by Richard Cocks,

143) 144

Kabaena. Sec Cambina.

Kaitjil Sidang. See Key Chillisa-
dang.

Karatsu, visit of King to Saris, and
interchange of presents, 181, 182

Kayoa, sighted by Saris, 32, 33

Keagle, (lodfrey. Ixix

Kechil Pate Sarang, xxix

Keeling, Captain. Ix, Ixix

Kerslake, ^Ir., iii

Kewee, Chinese merchant, 193

Key Chillisadang, xli n. ; inter-
course with Saris. 35, 36, 40, 42,
43, 44 ; killed by Prince of Tidore,

54- 55

Keygoose Gooloo, presents ex-
changed with .Saris, 5

Keygus Varro, present to, 5

Key Malladaia, xli ;;., 47 ; inter-
course with Saris, 26, 27, 31, 33,
38, 40 ; friendly relations with the
English, 203

Kioto, description of, 140, 141 ;
merchants' visits to Mr. Cocks, 149,

153) 175

Kodzuke no Suke, 130, 134 : ac-
count of. 114;?. : presents for, 1 14;
refusal of Saris's present, 131

Kondd Morishige, observations on
trading privileges granted by lye-
yasu. Ixxxvi. lxxx\'ii

Konishi Yukinaga, 79 //.

Laboa, Mount, 28//.

Labuck. Sec Pulo Labuck.

Lackmoye, 194, 195, 196

La Coba, Diego de, 53, 55, 56

Laki. Sec Pulo Laki.

Lambart, John, 151 ; misconduct 01,

150
Lancaster, Sir James, voyages to the

East Indies, iv, v, xvii
Lanching, 195, 196
Lanckros, Robert. See Lantro.
Langasaque. See Nagasaki.
Lantro, Robert, death of, and sale 01

effects, 66, 67

INDEX.

Lata-lata Islands, 30;/.
Laurens, drunkenness of, 105
Laval, Tyraid do, (lcscrii)ti(>n of

Wickh;ini, 95 //.
Licfdc. ship, \lvii. \lviii, Ivi
Linschoten's Voyage, xlvii
Linschoten's Map praised I)v Saris,

kSS
Locke, Cleuienl, deserlion and search

for, 153-155, 157. 159. 162, 163,

165, 171, 176, 178
Lopez, Diego, conduct of, in ihe

Moluccas, XXX

Macassar Island, trade oi, 219

Machiavelli, 155 n.

Mackian. See 5lakyan.

Madge, Thomas, death of, 17

Magellan, account of, xxvii, xxviii

Mahu. jacijues, voyage to Japan, xlvii

Makyan, Saris's visit to, xliii, 20, 30,
33-4S : yield of cloves, 58, 60 ;
Dutch forts in, 60; trade of, 221

Malconty, jasper, iiS; deserlion of,
and search for, 153-155, 157, 159,
102. i()3. 165, 171, 176, 178

Mandioli Island, 20 ;/.

Manila, trade of Chinese junks with,
220. 227

Mannada. Si\- Amida.

Mareh Island, sighted by Saris, 50

Marinell, ^ViiHam, 153, 176, 177

Markes, Edward, return from Naga-
saki, 165

Markham, Admiral Albert H., The
Voyai^cs and IVoris of John Davis,
edited by, v

Markham, Sir Clements R., iii, v ;/.

Marston, Leuen, intercourse with
Saris, 24, 25

Maryn, Daman, arrival at llirado,
162 ; interview with Matsura Shi-
genobu, 163, 164

Mashma Island, 76, 77 n.

Mat, 96;/.

Matchma. See Matsumae.

Matelieff, Cornelis, xlviii ; opera-
tions in the Moluccas, xxxviii,
\x\i\ : account of, xlix

Matsumae, description of, 198

Matsura Shigenobu (Ilo-in), xlviii,
127, 146 ; cordial treatment of Saris
by, li ; translation of letter to James I,
Ixxix, 195 ; account of, 79 n. ; visits
Saris, 79-81, 83,84, 90, 97, lOi, 102,
106, 107, 180, 181 ; presents for, 85,
88,98, 104, 105,106, 108, 144, 145,
159, 160, 178 ; money borrowed
from, 104; celebration of James I's
coronation, 107 ; Richard Cocks

visits, 146 ; presents given by, 146 ;
illness of, 150 ; issues proclamation
to aid in preventing drunkenness
amongst the sailors, 151 ; order for
drainage of streets in Hirado, 152 ;
house burnt down, 154 ; help in re-
covering deserters, 154, 155 ; re-
quest for particulars of presents
given by Cocks to Governor of Na-
gasaki and his brother, 159 ; en-
quiries respecting conduct of persons
from Nagasaki, 160, 161 ; enter-
tained at Dutch house, 161, 162 ;
interview with George Peterson and
Daman Maryn, 163, 164 ; charges
against Hernando Ximenes, 167 ;
feast with a comedy at llirado, 169,
173 ; Kioto merchants ordered to
pay for goods by, 175 ; orders
issued by, to prevent fightmg, 177,
179 ; Saris's recommendations to
East India Company respecting, 209

Mayfloiotr, ship, 92

Mayo Island, yield of cloves, 59

Measures. Sec Weights and Mea-
sures.

Mean. See Mayo.

Meggs, Anne, wife of John Saris,
lxxi\'

Melsham, Mr., 150; entertained by
Sima done, 145 ; present given to,
by Matsura Shigenobu, 146 ; illness
of, and treatment by Japanese, 168 ;
burial of Andrew Palmer by, 182

Mendes, xxv

Menezes, xxviii, xxix

Merydeth, John, death of, 69

Miako. Scr Kioto.

Michelborne, Sir Edward, voyage to
the I'.ast Indies, \'

Middelburg Island, sighted by Saris,
4;;.

Middleton, Captain David, I5«. ;
ojjerations in the Moluccas, xxxviii,
xxxix, 36 //.

Middleton, Sir Henry, xv, xvi, xvii,
Ix, Ixxi, Ixxiii, I «., igow., 191 ;
attempt to establish trade with the
Moluccas, V, xxxv-xxxvii, 36 n. ;
voyage to the East Indies, viii ; en-
quiries respecting, xi ; misadventure
in the Red .Sea, xviii, xix ; disputes
with .Saris, xx-xxiii. xxiv; ransom
extorted by from Indian traders,
xxii, xxiii

Middleton, Mr. Robert, Ixv

Migell. See Miguel.

Miguel, 143, 144, 149, 150, 152, 160,
162, 172; charges against, 156,
163 n.

238

INDEX.

Miles, James, dangerously wounded,
69 ; death of, 74

Mirza Tabresi, Hadji, plunder of
lialcs of goods belonging to, 67, 68

Miyako Shima, 73 n.

Mocha, Saris's visit to, xix-xxiii

Modafar, xxxviii

Mohilla Island, xviii

Mol, Jan Janszoon, 190; account of,
190 ;/.

Molikantin, Kaft'ar, Ixix

Molucca Islands, European com-
mercial enterprise in, xxv-xlli ; ob-
servation on trade and state of, 58-
62, 221 ; struggle between the
Spanish and the Dutch for, 59-61,
1 36, 1 63 ; refusal of Dutch to allow
Saris to purchase cloves in, 203

Mohikkoi, Die, by Bokemeyer, xxv,
xxvii ;/.

Momerick, desertion from the Clove
and subsequent capture, 25, 26

Monks, Buddhist, 79 ;;.

Moon, eclipses of, 65, 66, 164

Moon, ship, 44, 49

Mootiore. See Motir.

Morti Island, 64;/.

Motir, Island, sighted by Saris, 50 ;
yield of cloves, 58 ; Dutch fort in,
61

Muffet, 92

Mukai Bungo no Kami, 130; ac-
count of, 115". ; present for, 115

Muscovy Company, voyages to dis-
cover the North-East Passage, iii, iv

Music at Hirado, 170

Minion, 22

Myo Island. See Mayo.

Nachod, Dr., xlvii, 1;?., li

Nagasaki, Chinese trade at, xlvi ;
I'<jrtuguese settlements at, xlvi ;
Henrik Brouwers visit to, 98 ;
Christian churches to be removed
to, from Sumpu, 139 ; flight of
members of crew to, and search for,
153-155' 157, I59> 162. 163, 165,
171, 176, 178; Christians perse-
cuted by Governor, 155 «. ; Gover-
nor's visit to Hirado, 155-159 ;
visit of Governor's sons to Air.
Cocks, 159 ; Spaniards from, visit
Hirado, 171, 172

Namacota Straits, 29, 30

Natsuko, 155 n.

Neck, \'an, xxxiii

Nelson, William, left at Hirado as
niember of factory, Ivii, 183, 184

Newport, Captain, 192 «.

Nobusane, 79 n. ; visits Saris, 82 ;

presents to, 86, 87, 144, 145 ;

masquerade at Hirado, 145 ; guest

at Dutch house in Hirado, 161 ;

present sent to Saris by, 176 ; Saris's

visit 10,178
Nombosque, visit and present to

Mr. Cocks, 147
Noort, Olivier van, xlviii
North-East Passage, voyages of

discovery, iii, iv
North-West Passage, attempts to

disci )\cr, IV ; hope of finding by

way of \'edzo, 2IO
Nouasca dona, visit and present to

Mr. Cocks, 151

Ogoshosama. See lyeyasu.
Omura Sumitada, xlv, xlvi
Orange, Prince of, interchange of

letters with the Emperor of japan,

xlix, 1
Oring Gave. See Uraga.
Orta, Garcia de, 219 n.
Orungou. See Uraga.
Osaka, description of 122-124 ; rude

reception of strangers by inhabitants,

141, 142
Osiander, ship, Ixxx
Osterwick, John, Ixxx ;;.
Ozaca. See Osaka.

Palais, Benito de, visit to Hirado, 17

Pallimban, sighted by Saris, 2, 3

Palmer, Andrew, fight with Marinell,
176, 177 ; death and burial of, at
Hirado, 182

Paracels, 187 «.

Parsons, John, letter to Saris, 12

Patani, junk from, spoken by Saris,
12 ; proposed trade with, 208, 211

Pauling, William, death and Ijurial
of, at Hirado, 151, 152

Peacock, Tempest, x, xvii, Ixiii, 42,
84, 94, 98, lOi, 104, 115, 143;
left at Hirado as member of factory,
Ivii, 183, 184; visit to Captain of
Bachian Fort, 24 ; reception of
Mr. Adams, 108 ; letter to Richard
Cocks delivered, 146; captain of a
junk sent to Siam and Patani, 211

Pepper, taken to Japan by Saris, i ;
price of at Hirado, 96, 97 ; provi-
sion of, for the Clove at Bantam,
I93> 194 ; Bantam trade in, 213

Peppercorn, ship, xxiv

Pereira, Gonzalo, xxix, xxx

Pereira, Don Joao, xlv

Perkins, William, xv

INnKX.

239

Pescadores, siglued by Saris, 185 ;
lalitiuii- of. 1S5 ;/.

Pet, Cajnain, voyage lu tliscovcr the
Xorih-luisl I'assagf, iii, iv

Peterson, George, arrival al Hiradi),
162 ; interview witli Malsura Shi-
geiiol)u, 163, 164 ; passage on the
Clovi promised to, 176 ; money
exchanged with, iSo

Peyton, Walter, Ixiv, 192 ;/.

Philip II, xxxi, xxxii

Philip III, suitor fur the Princess
I'.li/aljrili, 147

Philippines, Spaniards to he sent to,
from Japan, 163 ; Chinese trade
with, 226, 227

Pinto, I'ernan Mendez, xlv

Plaxel. See Paracels.

Plymouth, arrival of Saris al, Iviii,
IU7

Poolooe Lacke. See Pulo Laki.

Portuguese, arrival in the Moluccas,
xxvi, xxvii ; disputes with the
Spaniards respecting trade in the
^Ioluccas, xxvii-xxix ; risings against
in the Moluccas, xxix-xxxi ; struggle
with the Dutch for suijremacy in
the Moluccas, xxxiixlii, 59 ; ilis-
covery of Japan by, xlv; settlements
in Japan, xlv, xlvi ; policy in the
Moluccas, 59 ; accusations against
the English, 93 ; Spanish ambassa-
dor's visit to Emperor of Japan re-
questing surrender of certain, 136;
Jesuit college at Kioto, 141

Potbakers Island. See March.

Pouldavis, 105

Po'well. Sir William, Ix.xv

Preddye, Mortimer, deserts at Ply-
mouth, Ixiv, 192 ;/.

Prittie, Mortimer. See Preddye.

Prostitutes in Japan, 90

Pulo Cecir, sighted by Saris, 1 88

Pulo Citi. See I'ulo Cecir.

Pulo Condor, sighted by Saris, 189

Pulo Cotan. lighted by Saris, 187

Pulo Labuck, sighted by Saris, 8

Pulo Laki, accident to the Clove off, 2

Pulo Timon. See Pulo Tioman.

Pulo Tingi, lighted by Saris, 190

Pulo Tioman, sighted by Saris, 189

Quaeckernaecq, Jacob Janszoon, v,
xlviii, xlix

Rackapee, 12

Ked Lion, ship. See Roode Leetiw

met Pi j leu.
Resmagos Islands, sighted by Saris,

xliii ; account of, 73, 74

Return, ship, Ixxxv

Riess, Professor, v, liii, Ixxx, Ixxxiii,

Ixxxvii
Roe, Sir Thomas, 67 //.
Roode Leeiiw met I'ijlcn, ship, vi,

xlix, 38, 39 ;/.
Russell, William, desertion of, al

l'l)'mouth, Ixiv

Sacay. .SV.- Sakai.

Sadda dona. Sec Sado no kami.

Sado no kami, Honda, account 01,
114//. ; presents for, 114, 134;
duties ol. 134

Saga\va Shume, 82 ;/.

Sago, bread made from, in the Mo-
luccas, 62

Said Berkat, xxxii, xxxiii ; l)esieged
at Ciamulamu, xxxiv; treatment of,
by the Spaniards, xxxviii, xl, xii

Sakai, observations on, 124

Sake, Japanese drink, 127 n.

Saker, [^ece of artillery, 7 ;/.

Saldania Bay. See Table Bay.

Samford. See Santvoort.

Sanai Nobutoki, 79 n.

Sancha Island, sighted by Saris, 187

Santa Fe, Paohj de. See Anjiro.

Santvoort, Melchorvan, v, ix, 102,
103, 17S ; account of, xlviii, xlix

Saris, Pxlward or Edmund, viii, 143 ;
left al Hirado as member of factor)',
Ivii, 183, 184; account of, 210/1. ;
sent to Tsushima, 210, 21 1

Saris, (ieorge, lix, Ixxv

Saris, Humphrey, family tree, vii,
viii

Saris, Captain John, attempt to trace
the history of his Journal, i-iii ;
Ijiographical account of, vi-ix, Ixxiv-
Ixxvi ; commissions given to, x-xvi ;
voyage from England to UaiUam,
xvii-xxv ; voyage from Bantam to
Japan, xlii-xliv, i ; Hirado visited
Ijy, li ; visit to lyeyasu and Hide-
tada, Iii, liii, 129- 134 ; Adams's
complaints against, liv, Iv ; voyage
home, Ivii, Iviii ; reception liy the
Company and investigation of
charges against, Iviii-lxxiv ; royal
letters entrusted to, Ixxvi-lxxix ;
trading privileges obtained from
lyeyasu by, Ixxix-lxxxvii, 131,138,
139 ; signature of, Ixxxvii ; ex-
change of presents at Tinga Java,
4, 5 ; soundings taken by, at
Boompjes Eylt, 7; letters to Edward
Camden, 25, 26 ;/. ; intercour^ie
with Key Malladaia, 26, 27, 31, ^^,

240

INDEX.

38, 40 ; account of visit to'iMakyan,
33-38 ; relations with King of Ter-
nate, 35-37, 42, 44, 45 ! account of
visit to Tidore, 50-57 ; account of
visit to Uoy Island, 64-70 ; saved
from drowning at Doy Island, 66 ;
preparations for visit to Court, 112-
116 ; letters of instruction to Mr.
Cocks and James Foster, 117-119 ;
journey to Sumpu, 120, 127-129;
audience of lyeyasu, lii, 130;
audience of Hidetada, liii, 134 ;
returns to Sumpu, 136 ; leaves
Sumpu, 139; rude reception at
Osaka, 141, 142 ; return to Hirado,
142, 174; letter from Domingo
Francisco to, 178 ; intercedes with
Simadone for lives of two men, 181 ;
leaves Hirado, 184 ; stay at Bantam,
193-197; meets with the Concord ai
the Cape, 197, 200, 211 ; arrives at
Plymouth, 197 ; letter to the Captain
General of the English in Japan,
200 ; to the Company, 203 ; observa-
tions on trade in the Eastern seas,
212-230

Saris, John, 210 «. ; desertion of, and
search for, 153-155, I57, I59, 162,
163, 165, 171, 176, 178

Satsuma, 77 «.

Sayers, Edmund. Sec Saris, Edward.

Scot, Edmund, ix //.

Sea Flower, 3

Sedozan Strait, 29 ;;.

Selebes. See Celebes.

Samedon. See Karatsu, King of.

Semidone. See Simadone.

Sensabro dono. See Zenzaburo.

Serrano, Francisco, xxvi, xxviii

Sharpeigh, Captain, hisboatssearched
at Tinga Java, 4

Shidzuoka. See Sumpu.

Shimonoseki, 122 ; letters delivered
liy (ii)vernor to Richard Cocks, 146

Shogun Sama. Sec Hidetada.

Siam, trade with, 202, 208, 211,221,
222

Siebold, Von, 77 ;/.

Silva, Jeronimo de, 52, 53, 55, 57

Silva, Juan de, operations in the
Moluccas, xl, xli

Simadone, 97, 105, 144, 157, 167,
169 ; visit to Saris, 82 ; presents to,
88, 144, 145 ; character of, 106 ;
entertains some of the ship's com-
pany, 145 ; masquerade at Hirado,
145 ; houses in Hirado measured
by, 147 ; guest at the Dutch house
in Hirado, 161 : made security for
payment of Kioto merchants, 175 ;

Saris intercedes with, for lives of

two men, 181
Simmian, 67 ;/.
Smart, William, death of, 48
Smythe, Sir Thomas, vi, Ix, Ixix,

Ixxii, 16, 138
Sodreo, Simao, xxx
Soela Islands. See Xulla.
Soloer Island, 11, 205 n.
Solomon, sliip, Ixv ;z.
Soocodanna. See Sukadana.
Soola. J)', (? Xulla.
Sotelo, Father Luis, 139".
Spain, King of, his negociations for

marriage with Princess Elizabeth,

Spalding, Augustin, ix, xxiv n. ;
Adams's letters to, vi, Ixxxiv

Spaniards, struggle for supremacy in
the Moluccas, xxvii-xxix, xxxvii-
xlii, 59-61, 136, 163 ; treatment of
Saris by, at Tidore, xliii, 50-57 ;
trade at Hirado, xlvi ; their oppres-
sive conduct complained of, 21,
36 ; character of those entertained
by Adams at Hirado, 1 10; em-
bassy to Emperor of Japan, 136,
163 ; intercourse with two from
Nagasaki, 171, 172 ; ambassador's
letter received by Mr. Cocks, 174

Specx, Jacques, li, 81 «.

Spice Islands. See Moluccas.

Sprinckel, Victor, xlix

Stanhope, Right Hon. E., M.P., iii

Stokle, John, letter to Adams, vi

Stone, William, Ixxiv

Suganuma, xlv //. , xlvi n. , 1, Ixxvii,
Ixxxiii, Ixxxv, Ixxxvii

Sukadana, trade of, 222-224

Sula Besi, 17 n.

Sumatra, sighted by Saris, 192

Sumpu, 108 /;. ; Saris's visits to, lii,
liii, liv, 127-129, 136 ; description
(jf surrounding country, 128, 132,
133 ; size of, 129 ; departure of
Saris from, 139; persecution of the
Christians in, 139

Sunda Straits, tides in, 197

Surat, enquiries to be made as to
state of factors and trade at, xi-xvi

Surunga. Sec Sumpu.

Snsa/i, ship, viii

Suw5 no kami, 1 14 «.

Taberidji, xxix

Table Bay, Saris anchors in, xviii,

197
TaboUola Fort, sighted by Saris, 2)},
Taiko Sama, xlvi, 181 n. ; treatment

uf his son by lyeyasu, 123, 124 ;

INDEX.

241

temple huilt by, 140, 141 ; accouni
of his horse at Kioto, 141
Takanobu, 156, 181 ; visits Saris,
79, loS ; presents a buck to Saris,

103 ; barrels of powder bought by.

104 ; goods purchased by, 106 ;
presents to, 144, 145 ; masquerade
at Hirado, 145 ; helps in recovery
of deserters, 154, 155 ; feast with a
comedy at Hirado, 169, 170 ;
vouches for solvency of Siniadone,
175 ; Saris's recommendation to
Kasi India Company respecting, 209

Taliabu, 17 //.

Tamarida Roads, .wiii

Tameti Island, account of, 31

Taruwese, wviii, xxix

Taually. .S<< Tameti.

Taually Bachar. ^Vf" Great Tawali.

Tenasserim, depth of water of^' coast,

Tencheday, ceremonies connected
wiih worship of. 133

Tenshodaijin, 133 «.

Terazawa Shima no kami, 1 56 ;/. ;
account of I Si >i.

Ternate, extent uf ckiminions of,
xxvi, xxvii ; poisoning of the King
and Serrano at, xxviii ; death of
Dayalo and succession of Bohejat,
xxix ; risings against the Portuguese
in, xxix-xxxi ; relations of King
with Saris, 35-37, 42, 44, 45 ; war
with Tidore, 54, 55, 59 ; visit of
Saris to, 57 ; yield of cloves, 58 :
Dutch forts in, xlii, 59, 60 ; Spanish
fort in, xlii ; trade of, 221. See also
^lolucca Islands.

Thomas, shij), x, xii, xvi ; voyage
to Bantam, xvi-xxiv ; salutes ex-
changed with the Clove, i, 2

Thompson, John, Ixxi, 119, 120

Tidore, dominions of King, xxvii ;
attack on by Portuguese, xxviii :
risings against the Portuguese in,
xxix-xxxi ; treatment of Saris by
the Spaniards, xliii ; sighted by
Saris, 30, 50 ; account of Saris's
visit to, 50-57 ; war with Ternate,
54, 55, 59 ; yield of cloves, 58 ;
Dutch fort in, xlii, 60 ; Spanish
fort in, xlii ; trade of, 221. See
also Molucca Islands.

Timor Island, trade of, 219, 220

Tingabesse. See Toecan-besi.

Tinga Java, visit of Saris to, 3-6 ;
courtesy shown to Saris by King, 5

Tingi. See Pulo Tingi.

Tioman. See Pulo Tioman.

Tiquasamma. See Taiko sama.

Toecan-besi Islands, sighted by
Saris, 15, 16

Tokio. See \'edo.

Tone Same. See Takanobu.

Torner. I'eter, Saris saved from
(Irow ning by, 66

Tottie, John, misconduct of, 119,
120; desertion and search for, 153-
155. 157, 159, 162, 163, 165, 171,
176, 178

Towerson, Gabriel, viii, ix, x, xii,
xi\ . xvii, xxii, 68 ;/.

Trade, establishment of, with Japan
by the East India Company, iii-vii ;
entjuiries as Ui stale of, at Surat
ordered, xi-xvi ; in the Moluccas
by Europeans, xxv-xlii ; privileges
granted liy the Emperor of Japan,
lii, liii, Ixxix-lxxxvii, 131, 138, 139;
factory established at Hirado, hi,
Ivii, 182-184 ; Saris's opinion and
letters on ]5rospects of, with Japan,
Ixiii-lxix, Ixxi, Ixxii, 200-21 1;
difficulty in selling cloth, 142 ; with
Siam, 202, 211 ; Saris's observa-
tions on, in the Eastern Seas, 212-
230 ; Chinese articles of commerce,
224-227 ; merchandise to be bought
in Japan, 230

7rades Iiurease, ship, Ixxi; musical
instruments purchased from, i ;
loss of, 191

Troiiw, ship, xlvii

Tukang Besi. See Toecan-besi.

Turks, ill treatment of Sir Henry
Mickllelon !))■, xviii, xix

Tymore. See Timor.

Typhoon at Hirado, 147-149

Unagensie, 98, 174; interchange ol
IJic^cnis with, 87, 88, 144, 145

Uraga, harbour visited by Saris, liii.
135- 136

Usezaki, 78 ;/.

Usher, David, death of, 12

Valens, Thomas. 192//.

Varella, Cape, 188

Verhoeff, I'ieter \Villemszoon,opera-

licjii.s in the Iilastern seas, xxxix,

xlix ; murder of, xl
Viera, Padre, 139;/.
Voyage of Sir henry Middleton to

Bantam and the Maluco Islands,

XXXV

Voyages of Sir James, Laneasttr, iii,
V «., xvii

Voyages and Works of John Davis, v
R

242

INDEX.

Wang Chih, xliv, xlv

'Warner, Thomas, i68, 182

Warwijk, xxxiii

Waymouth, George, iv

Weights and Measures, subtle,
58 II. ; mat, 96 ii. ; Chinese, 97 n. ;
gantang, 207;/. ; at Bantam, 212,
213, 217 ; for diamonds in Borneo,
224

Welden, Richard, 15, 16

Wesby, Richard, 193 «.; dishonest
proceedings on the Hector discovered
by, 67

Whiting Chinese, presents ex-
changed with Saris, 5

Wickham, Richard, x, 51, 92, 143 ;
left at Hirado as member of factory,
Ivii, 183, 184 ; letter to, from Wil-
liam Eaton, Ixxiv ; account of, 4 ;/. ;
purchase of provisions by, at Tinga
Java, 4, 5; sent on shore at JNIakyan,
"39 ; interview with Key Chillisa-
dang, 44 ; quarrel with the Spaniard,
94> 95 ; letter from, to Richard
Cocks, 146 ; sent to Nagasaki to
recover deserters, 176

Willert, Fran9ois, attempt to obtain
possession of the Moluccas, xxxix ;
defeat and death of, xxxix, xl

Williams, Francis, violent conduct
and punishment of, 149, 150; quar-
rel with Simon Colphax, 177

Williams, John, 143

Winston, John, quarrel with John
Dench, 177

Xavier, St. Francis, xlv

Xemina Seque. See Shimonoseki.

Xima Island, sighted by Saris, 76

Ximenes, Hernando, xxv, 51, 170,
172, 174 ; purchase of provisions at
Tinga Java, 4 ; present given to, by
Matsura Shigenobu, 146 ; return
from Nagasaki, 165 ; charges against,
167

Xulla Islands, visit of Saris to, 19

Yedo, visit of Saris to, liii, 133 ;
trading privileges granted in, Ixxxiii,
Ixxxiv ; country from Sumpu to,
described, 132, 133 ; description of,
I33» 134; debtors burnt by acci-
dent at, 134

Yedzo Island, privilege to trade with,
Ixxxi, Ixxxii ; account of 198, 199 ;
recommendation for Company's
ships to visit, 209, 210

Yeonson. See Yozen.

Yesso. See Yedzo.

Yonker, 192 v.

Yoosen, John. See Yozen.

Yozen, John, wood sold by, to Henrik
Brouwer, 99, 211 : explanation re-
specting wood bought by, 105, 106

Zanzibar. See Zenzaburo.

Zenzaburo, 107, no, 161, 172 ; pre-
I sent to Mr. Cocks, 166 : Melsham
' ph vsicked by, 1 68 ; visit of Spaniards
I to, 171

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WORKS ALREADY ISSUED

FIRST SERIES.

1 The Observations of Sir Richard Hawkins, Knt.,

Ill Ills Voyage mtu the South .Sea in 1593. Reprinted from the edition of

1622, and edited by Capt. C. R. I). Bethunk, R.N., C.I5.

(First Edition out oJ print. See iXo. 57.^ Issued for 1848.

2— Select Letters of Columbus,
With Original Documents relating to the Di.^covery of the New Wmkl. Trans-
lated and Edited by R. II. Majok.
(First Edition out of print. See No. 43. ) Issued for 1849.

3— The Discoverie of the Empire of Guiana.
F>y Sir Waller RaleiLjh. Knt. Edited by Sir Rur.EKT H. SciioMBURGK,

Ml. 1).
( First Edition out of print. Second Edition in preparation.) Issued for 1850.

4— Sir Francis Drake his Voyage, 1595,

By Thomas Maynaide, together with the Spanish Account of Drake's attack
on Puerto Rico. Edited by W. D. Coolev.

{Out of print.) Issued for iS^o.

5— Narratives of Early Voyages to the North-West.

Edited by Thomas Rundall.

(Out of print. ) Issued for 1 85 1 .

6— The Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia,

Expressing the Cosmographie and Commodities of the Country, together with

the manners and customs of the people, collected by William Strachey, Gent.,

the first Secretaiy of the Colony. Edited by R. H. Major.

( Out of print. ) Issued for 1 85 1 .

7— Divers Voyages touching the Discovery of America

And the Islands adjacent, collected and published by Richard Hakluyt,
Prebendary of Bristol, in the year 1582. Edited by John Winter Jones.

( Out of print. ) Issued for 1 85 2.

8— A Collection of Documents on Japan.

With a Commentary by Thomas Runuall.

( Out of pi-int.) Issued for 1852.

9— The Discovery and Conquest of Florida,

By Don Eerdinando de Soto. Translated out of Portuguese by Richard

Hakluyt ; and Edited by W. B. Rye.

(Out of print.) Issued for 1853.

10- Notes upon Russia,

Being a Translation from the Earliest Account of that Countiy, entitled Rerum
Muscoviticarum Commentarii, by the Baron Sigismund von Herberstein,
Ambassador from the Court of Germany to the Grand Prince Vasiley Ivanovich,
in the years 1517 and 1526. Two Volumes. Translated and Edited by
R. H. Major. Vol. i.

( Out of print.) Issued for 18$;^.

1 1 —The Geography of Hudson's Bay,

Being the Remarks of Captain W. Coats, in many Voyages to that locality,
between the years 1727 and 1751. With Extracts from the Log of Captain
Middleton on his Voyage for the Discovery of the North-west Passage, in
II. M.S. "Furnace," m 1741-2. Edited by John Barrow, F.R.S., F.S.A.

Issued for 1854.

12— Notes upon Russia.

Vol.2. {Out of print.) Issued for 18$^.

13- Three Voyages by the North-East,

Towards Cathay and China, undertaken by the Dutch m the years 1594, 1595

and 1596, with their Discovery of Spitzbergen, their residence often months in

Novava Zenilva, and their safe return in two open boats. By Gerrit de Veer.

Edited by C. T. Beke, Ph.D., F.S.A.

(See also No. 54. j Issued for 1855.

14-15— The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and

the Situation Thereof.

Compiled by the Padre Juan Gonzalez de Mendoza. Reprinted from the

Early Translation of R. Parke, and Edited by Sir George T. Staunton,

Bart. With an Introduction by R. H. Major. 2 vols.

Issued for 1855.

16- The World Encompassed by Sir Francis Drake.

Being his next Voyage to that to Nombre de Dios. Collated with an
unpublished Manuscript of Francis Fletcher, Chaplain to the Expedition.
Edited by W. S. W. Vaux, M.A. Issued Jor \%S^.

17— The History of the Tartar Conquerors who subdued China.

Finm the French of the Ptre D'Orleans, 1688. Translated and Edited by the
Eari. of Ei.lesmerk. With an Introduction l)y R. II. Major.

/.f.f//d-(//cr 1856.

18 A Collection of Early Documents on Spitzbergen and Greenland.
Edited by Adam Whitf. Issued for 1857.

19— The Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to Bantam and the Maluco Islands.

From the rare Edition of \(^o(^. Edited by Roi.roN Coknky.

{Out of print). Issued for 1857.

20-Russia at the Close of the Sixteenth Century.

Comprising "The Russe Commonwealth" by Dr. Giles Fletcher, and Sir

Jerome Horsey's Travels. Edited by E. A. Bond.

Issued for 1858.

21— The Travels of Girolamo Benzoni in America, in 1542-56.

Translated and Edited by ADMIRAL \V. II. Smyth, F.R.S., F.S.A.

Issued for 1858.

22— India in the Fifteenth Century.

Being a Collection of Narratives of Voyages to India in the century pteceding

the Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope; from Latin, Persian,

Russian, and Italian Sources. Edited l)y R. II. Major.

Issued for 1859.

23 Narrative of a Voyage to the West Indies and Mexico,

In the years 1599-1602, with Maps and Illustrations. By Samuel Champlain.
Translated from the original and unpublished Manuscript, with a Biographical
Notice and Notes by Alice Wilmere. Issued for 1859.

24— Expeditions into the Valley of the Amazons

During the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries : containing the Journey of
Gonzalo Pizarro, from the Royal Commentaries of Garcilasso Inca de la Vega ;
the Voyage of Francisco de Orellana, from the General History of Herrera ;
and the Voyage of Cristoval de Acuna. Translated and Edited by Clements
R. Markham. Issued for i860.

25— Early Indications of Australia.

A Collection of Documents shewing the Early Discoveries of Australia to the
time of Captain Cook. Edited by R. H. Major.

( Out of print. ) Issued for \86o.

26 -The Embassy of Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo to the Court of Timour, 1403-6.
Translated and Edited by Clements R. Markham.

Issued for 186 1.

27— Henry Hudson the Navigator.

The Original Documents in which his career is recorded. Edited by George
ASHER, LL.D. Issued for 1861.

28-The Expedition of Ursua and Aguirre,

In search of El Dorado and Omagua, a.d. 1560-61. Translated from the

"Sexta Noticia Historiale" of Fray Pedro Simon, by W. Bui.laert, with

an Introduction l)y Ci.kmknts R. Markham.

Issued for 1862.

29-The Life and Acts of Don Alonzo Enriquez de Guzman,

Translated and Edited bv Clements R. Markham.

Issued for 1862.

30— Discoveries of the World

From their first original unto the year of our Lord 1555. By Antonio Galvano.
Reprinted, with the original Portuguese text, and edited by Vice-Admiral
Bethunf, C.B. Issued for 1863.

31— Marvels described by Friar Jordanus,
From a jiarchment manuscript of the Fourteenth Century, in Latin. Edited
by Colonel H. Yule, C.B. Issued for 1863.

32— The Travels of Ludovico di Varthema

In Syria, Arabia, Persia, India, etc., during the Sixteentli Century. Translated
by J. Winter Jones, F.S. A., and Edited by the Rsv. George
Percy Badger. Issued for 1864.

33— The Travels of Cieza de Leon in 1532-50
From the Gulf of Darien to the City of La Plata, contained m the first part of
his Chronicle of Peru (Antwerp, 1554). Translated and Edited by Clements
R. "Markhaal Issued for 1864.

34— The Narrative of Pascual de Andagoya.

Containing the earliest notice of Peru. Translated and Edited by CLEMENTS

R. Markham. Issued for 1865.

35 -The Coasts of East Africa and Malabar

In the beginning of the Sixteenth Century, by Duarte Barbosa. Translated
from an early Spanish manuscript by the Hon. Henry Stanley.

Issued for 1865.
36-37 Cathay and the Way Thither.
A Collection of all minor notices of China, previous to the Sixteenth
Century. Translated and Edited by Colonel H. Yule, C.B. Two Vols.

( Out of print. ) Issued for 1 866.

38— The Three Voyages of Sir Martin Frobisher.

With a Selection from Letters now in the State Paper Office. Edited by
Rear-Admiral Collinson, C.B. Issued for i^d-, .

39-The Philippine Islands,

Moluccas, Siam, Cambodia, Japan, and China, at the close of the i6th Century.
By Antonia de Morga. Translated from the Spanish, with Notes, by
the Lord Stanley of Alderley. Issued for 1868.

40— The Fifth Letter of Hernan Cortes
To the Emperor Charles V., containing an Account of his Expedition to
Honduras in 1525-26. Translated from the Spanish by Don Pascual de

Gayangos. Issued for 1868.

41— The Royal Commentaries of the Yncas.
By the Ynca Garcillasso de la Vega. Translated and Edited by CLEMENTS
R. Markham. Vol. i. Issued Jor 1869.

42— The Three Voyages of Vasco da Gama,

And his Viceroyalty, from the Lendas da India of Caspar Correa; accompanied
by original documents. Translated and Edited by the Lord Stanley

of Alderley. Issued for 1869.

43— Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,
With other Original Documents relating to his Four Voyages to the New
World. Translated and Edited by R. H. Major. 2nd Edition (see No. 2).

Issued for 1S70.

44— History of the Imams and Seyyids of *Oman,
By Salil-Ihn-Razik, from A. I). 661-1856. Translated from the original
Arabic, and Edited, with a continuation of the History down to 1870, by the
Rev. GEt)RGE Percy Badger. Issued for 1870.

45— The Royal Commentaries of the Yncas.

Vol. 2. Issued for 1871.

46— The Canarian,

Or Book of the Conquest and Conversion of the Canarians in the year I402,

by Messire Jean de Bethencourt, Kt. Composed by Pierre Rontier and Jean

le Verrier. Translated and Edited by R. II. Major.

Issued for 187 1.
47— Reports on the Discovery of Peru,
Translated and Edited by CLEMENTS R. Markham, C.B.

Issued for 1872.
48— Narratives of the Rites and Laws of the Yncas.
Translated and Edited by Clements R. Markh.am, C.B., F.R.S.

Issued for 1872.

49— Travels to Tana and Persia,
By Josafa Barbaro and Ambrogio Contarini ; Edited by Lord Stanley of
Alderley. With Narratives of other Italian Travels in Persia. Translated and

Edited by Charles Grey. Issued for 1873.

50— Voyages of the Zeni

To the Northern Seas in the Fourteenth Century. Translated and Edited
by R. H. Major. Issued for 1873.

51— The Captivity of Hans Stade of Hesse in 1547-55,

Among the Wild Tribes of Eastern Brazil. Translated by Albert Tootal,

Esq., anc annotated by Sir Richard F. Burton.

Issued for 1874.

52— The First Voyage Round the World by Magellan.

Translated from the Accounts of Pigafetta and other contemporary writers.
Edited by LoRD .Stanley of Alderley.

Issued for 1874.

53— The Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalbotiuerque,

Second Viceroy of India. Translated from the Portuguese Edition 01 1774,

and Edited by Walter de Gray Birch, F.R.S.L. Vol. i.

Issued for 1875.

54 Three Voyages to the North-East.
Second Edition of Gerrit de Veer's Three Voyages to the North-East by
Barents. Edited by Lieut. Koolemans Beynen, of the Royal Dutch Navy.

Issued for 1876.

55— The Commentaries ot the Great Afonso Dalboquerque.

Vol. 2. Issued for 1875.

56— The Voyages of Sir James Lancaster.
With Abstracts of Journals of Voyages preserved in the India Office, and the
Voyage of Captain John Knight to seek the N.W. Passage. Edited by

Clements R. Markham, C.B., F.R.S.

Issued for 1877.

57-The Observations of Sir Richard Hawkins, Knt.,
In his Voyage into the South Sea in 1593, with the Voyages of his grand-
father William, his father vSir John, and his cousin William Hawkins.
Second Edition (see No. i). Edited by Clements R. Markham, C.15.,

F.R.S. Issued for 1877.

58— The Bondage and Travels of Johann Sehiltberger,
From his capture at the battle of Nicopolis in 1396 to his escape and return
to Europe in 1427. Translated by Commander J. BuCHAN Telfer, R.N.;
with Notes by Professor B. Bruun. Issued for 1878.

59 The Voyages and Works of John Davis the Navigator.
Edited by Captain Albert H. Markham, R.N. /ss/m//orlS-j8.

The Map of the World, A.D. 1600.

Called by Shakspere " The New Map, with the Aii;;meniation of the Indies."
To illustrate the Voyages of John Davis. Issued for 1878.

60-61— The Natural and Moral History of the Indies.

By Father Joseph de Acosta. Reprinted from the English Translated Edition
of Edward Grimston, 1604; and Edited by Clements R. Markham, C.B.,
F.R.S. Two Vols. Issued for I'i'jf).

Map of Peru.

To Illustrate Nos. 33, 41, 45, 60, and 61. Issued for 1879.

62— The Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalboquerque.

Vol. 3. Issued for 1 880.

63 The Voyages of William Baffin, 1612-1622.
Edited by Clements R. Markham, C.B., F.R.S. Issued for 18S0.

64— Narrative of the Portuguese Embassy to Abyssinia
During the years 1520-1527. By Father Francisco Alvarez. Translated and
Edited by Lord Stanley of Alderley. Issued for 1881.

65— The History of the Bermudas or Somer Islands.

Attributed to Captain Nathaniel Butler. Edited by General Sir |. Henry
Lefroy, R.A., K.C.M.G. Issued for \^'i\.

66-67— The Diary of Richard Cocks,

Cape-Merchant in the English Factory in Japan, 1615-1622. Edited by

Edv/ard Maunde Thompson. Two Vols.

Issued for 1882.
68— The Second Part of the Chronicle of Peru.
By Pedro de Cieza de Leon. Translated and Edited by CLEMENTS R.
Markham, C.B., F.R.S. Issued for \%'iTy.

69— The Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalboquerque.

V0I. 4. Issued for 1 883.

70-7i—The Voyage of John Huyghen van Linschoten to the East Indies.

From the Old English Translation of 1598. The First Book, contaming his
Description of the East. Edited by A. C. Burnell, Ph.D., CLE., and
P. A. TiELE, of Utrecht. Issued for 1884.

72-73— Early Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia,

By Anthony Jenkinson and other Englishmen, with some account of the first

Intercourse of the English with Russia and Central Asia by way of the

Caspian Sea. Edited by E. Delmar Morgan, and C. H. CooTE.

Issued for 1885.
74— The Diary of William Hedges, Esq.,
Afterwards Sir William Hedges, during his Agency ui Bengal ; as well as on
his Voyage out and Return Overland (1681-1687). Transcribed for the Press,
with Introductory Notes, etc., by R. Barlow, and Illustrated by copious
Extracts from Unpublished Records, etc., by Col. Sir H. Vule, K.C.S.I.,
R.E., C.B., LL.D. Vol. I, The Diary. Issued for 1886.

75— The Diary of William Hedges, Esq.
Vol. 2. Sir IF. Yule's Kxtiacts from l'n|Hil)Iislie(l Records, etc.

Issued for i8S6.
76-77-The Voyage of Francois Pyrard to the East Indies,

The Maldives, the Mohiccns and l^r.azd. Translated nito KnL,dish from the

Third French Edition of 1619, and Edited by Alhert Gray, assisted hy

H. C. r. Bei.i.. Vol. I. Vol. 2, Part L

I Silted for 1887.

78 The Diary of William Hedges, Esq.
Vol. 3. Sir II. ^uie"s Extracts from Lnjudjlislied Records, etc.

Issued for 1888.

79— Traetatus de Globis, et eorum usu.

A Treatise descriptive of the CSlobes conslnicled hy Emery Molyneux, and

Published m 1592. By Robert Hues. Edited by Clements R. Makkham,

C.B., F.R.S. To which is appended,

Sailing Directions for the Circumnavigation of England,

And for a Voyage to the Straits of Gibraltar. From a Fifteenth Century

MS. Edited by Ja.mes Gairdner ; with a Glossary by E. Delmar

Morgan. Issued for \%%%.

80— The Voyage of Francois Pyrard to the East Indies, etc.

Vol. 2, Part II. Issued for 1S89.

81— The Conquest of La Plata, 1535-1555.
I. — Voyage of Ulrich Schmidt to the Rivers La Plata and Paraguai. II. —
The Commentaries of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca. Edited by Don Luis
L. DoMiNGUEZ. Issued for \Z%(^.

82-83— The Voyage of Francois Leguat

To Rodriguez, Mauritius, Java, and the Cape of Good Ilojie. Edited by
Captain Pasfield Oliver. Two Vols.

Issued for 1890.

84-85— The Travels of Pietro della Valle to India.
From the Old English Translation of 1664, by G. Havers. Edited by
Edward Grey. Two Vols. Issued for li^i.

86— The Journal of Christopher Columbus

Huring his First Voyage (1492-93), and Documents relating to the Voyages
of John Cabot and Caspar Corte Real. Translated and Edited by Clements
R. Markham, C.B., F.R.S. Issued for \%f)2.

87— Early Voyages and Travels in the Levant.

I. — The Diary of Master Thomas Dallam, 1599-1600. II. — Extracts from the
Diaries of Dr. John Covel, 1670-1679. With some Account of the Levant
Company of Turkey IMerchants. Edited by J. Theodore Bent, F.S.A.,

F.R.G.S. Issued for ligz.

88-89— The Voyages of Captain Luke Foxe and Captain Thomas James

In Search of a N.-W. Passage, 1631-32 ; with Narratives of Earlier N.-W.
Voyages. Edited by Miller Christy, F.L.S. Two Vols.

Issued for 1893.

90— The Letters of Amerigo Vespucci

And other Documents relating to his Career. Translated and Edited by
Clements R.'Markham, C.B., F.R.S. Issued for 1894.

91— The Voyage of Pedro Sarmiento to the Strait of Magellan, 1579-80.

Translated and Edited, with Illustrative Documents and Introduction, by
Clements R. Markham, C.B., F.R.S.

Issued for 1894.

92-93-94— The History and Description of Africa,

And of the Notable Things Therein Contained. The Travels of Leo Africanus

the ]Moor, from the English translation of John Pory (1600). Edited by

Robert Brown, M.A., Ph.D. Three Vols.

Issued for 1895.

95— The Discovery and Conquest of Guinea.

Written by Gomes Eannes de Azurara. Translated and Edited l)y C. RWMOND
liEAZLEY, M.A., and Edgar Prestage, B.A. Vol. i.

Issiced for 1896.

96-97— Danish Arctic Expeditions.

Book I. The Danish Expeditions to Greenland, 1605-07; with James Hall's

Voyage in 1612. Edited by C. C. A. GosCH. Issued for 1896.

Book 2. Jens Munk's Voyage to Hudson's Bay in 1619-20. Edited by
C. C. A. GoscH. Issued for 1897.

98— The Topographia Christiana of Cosmas Indicopleustes.
Translated and Edited by J. W. McCrindle, M.A., M.R.A.S.

Issued for 1S97.

99— The First Voyage of Vasco da Gama.

Translated from the Portuguese, with an Introduction and Notes, by E. G.

Ravenstein. Issued for 1898.

100— The Discovery and Conquest of Guinea.

Written by Ciomes Eannes de Azurara. Translated and Edited by C.

Raymond Beazley, M.A., and Edgar Prestage, B.A. Vol. 2.

Issued for 1898.

SECOND SERIES.

1-2— The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul,

1615-19.

Edited from Contemporary Records by WiixiAM Foster, B.A.

Issued for 1899.

3— The Voyage of Sir Robert Dudley to the West Indies and Guiana In 1594.

Edited by Geo. F. Warner, M.A. , F.S.A., Assistant Keeper of
Manuscripts, British Museum. Issued for 1899.

4— The Journeys of William of Rubruck and John of Plan de Carpine

To Tartary in the 13th century. Translated and Edited by the Hon. W. W.

Rock H ILL. Issued for 1900.

5— The Voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan in 1613.

Edited by H. E. Sir Ernest M. Satow, K.C.M.G.

Issued for 1900.

OTHER WORKS UNDERATKEN BY EDITORS.

Raleigh's Empire of Guiana. Second l^dilion (see No. 3). Edited, witli
Notes, etc., by Everard F. im Thurn, C.B., C.M.Ci.

The Strange Adventures of Andrew Battell of Leigh in I'.ssex. Edited by
E. G. Ravenstein.

Histoire de la Grande Isle Madagascar, par le Sieur De Flacourt, 1661.
Translated and Edited by Captain S. Pasfield Oliver.

The Voyages of Cadamosto, the Venetian, along the West Coast of Africa, in
the years 1455 and 1456. Translated from the earliest Italian te,\t of
1507, and Edited by H. YuLE Oldham, M.A., F.R.G.S.

The Voyages of the Earl of Cumberland, from the Records prepared by
order of the Coinitess of Pembroke. Edited by W. de Gray Birch,
LL.D., F.S.A.

The Voyage of Alvaro de Mendana to the Solomon Islands in 1568. Edited

by the Lord Amherst of Hackney and Basil H. Thomson.
De Lacl's Commentarius de Imperio Magni Mogolis (1631). Translated

and Edited by Sir Roper Lethkridge, K.C.I.E., M.A.
The Voyages of Willoughby and Chancellor to the White Sea, with some

account of the earliest intercourse between England and Russia.

Reprinted from Hakluyt's Voyages, with Notes and Introduction by

E. Delmar Morgan,
Dr. John Fryer's New Account of East India and Persia (1698). Edited by

Arthur T. Pringle.

The Expedition of Hernan Cortes to Honduras in 1525-26. Second Edition
(see No. 40), with added matter. Translated and Edited by A. P.
Maudslay.

The Letters of Pielro Delia Valle from Persia, &c. Translated and Edited by

Major M. Nathan, C.M.G., R.E.
The Journey of Pedro Teixeira from India to Italy by land, 1604-05 ; with his

Chronicle of the Kings of Ormus. Translated and Edited by W. F.

Sinclair, late I.C.S.
The Travels of Peter Mundy in India, 1628-34. Edited from an imiiuhlished

MS. by Colonel R. C. Temi'le, CLE.

LAWS OF THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY.

I. The object of this Society shall be to print, for distribution among its
members, rare and valuable Voyages, Travels, Naval Expeditions, and other
geographical records, from an early period to the beginning of the eighteenth
century.

II. The Annual Subscription shall be One Guinea (for America, five dollars,
U.S. currency), payable in advance on the ist January.

III. Each member of the Society, having paid his Subscription, shall be
entitled to a copy of every work produced by the Society, and to vote at the
general meetings within the period subscribed for ; and if he do not signify,
before the close of the year, his wish to resign, he shall be considered as a member
for the succeeding year.

IV. The management of the Society's affairs shall be vested in a Council
consisting of twenty-two members, viz., a President, two Vice-Presidents, a
Treasurer, a Secretary, and seventeen ordinary members, to be elected annually ;
but vacancies occurring between the general meetings shall be filled up by the
Council.

V. A General Meeting of the Subscribers shall be held annually. The
Secretary's Report on the condition and proceedings of the Society shall be
then read, and the meeting shall proceed to elect the Council for the ensuing year.

■ VI. At each Annual Election, three of the old Council shall retire.

VII. The Council shall meet when necessary for the dispatch of business, three
forming a quorum, including the Secretary; the Chairman having a casting vote.

VIII. Gentlemen preparing and editing works for the Society, shall receive
twenty-five copies of such works respectively.

LIST O F M E iM P, 1^: R S.

1900.

Al'enlare, Tlie Right Hun. Lord, Longwoofl, Winchesttr.

.Vdelaide Public Libraiy, per Messrs. Kegaii Paul, TreiR-li, 'rrii'Diicr & Co.

.Ulmivalt}-, The (2 copies), per Messrs. Hlyre and Sjiottiswoode.

Advocates' Library. Edinburgh, per Mr. Kccles, 9G, Great Russell-street.

Alexander, W. L., Esi[., Pinkicbnni Musselburgh, N.B.

All .Souls College, O.\ford.

.\merican Geographical Society, 11, West "iOthstreet, New York City, U.S.A.

.\niherst. of Hackney, The Right Hon. Lord, Didlingtou Hall, Mrandon,

Norfolk.
Antiga Casa Bertrand (Senhor Jose Bastos), 73, Rua Garrett, Lisbon.
.Vntiquaries, the Society of, Burlington House, Piccadillj', W.
Army and Navv Club, 36, Pall-mall.
Atheureum Club, Pall Mall.

Baer. Joseph & Co., Messrs., per Messrs. Epstein, 47, Holborn Viaduct, E.C.

Bain, Mr., 1, Haymarket, S.W.

Ball, John B., Esq., Ashbnrton Cottage, Putney Heath, S.W.

Barclay, Hugh G.. Esq.. Colney Hall, Norwich.

Basauo, Marqviis de, per Messrs. Hatchard, Piccadilly W.

Basset, M. Rene, Correspondant de Tlustitut de France, Diiecteur de TEcolc

superieure des lettres d' Alger. L'Agha 77, rue Michelet, Alger-.Mustapha.
Baxter, James Phinuey, Esq., 61, Deering-street, Portland, Maine, IJ.S..\.
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Beazley, C. Raymond, Ei5q., 13, The Paragon, Blackheath, S.E. [Librarian.
Belfast Linen Hall Library, Donegall-square North, Belfast (Geo. Smith. Esq.,
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Berlin Geographical Society, })er Messrs. Sampson Low.
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Birch, Dr. W. de G., British Museum.

Birmingham Central Free Library, Ratcliff-place, Birmingham.
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Bonaparte, H. H. Prince Roland, 10, Avenue d'Jena, Paris.
Boston Athenicum Librarj', U.S.A. , per Messrs. Kegan Paul.
Boston Public Library, jjer Messrs. Kegan Paul.

Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, L^. S. A. , jier Messrs. Kegan Paul.
Bower, Major Hamilton, i)er Messrs. Grindlay & Co., .o4, Parliament Stivet .
Bowring, Thos. B., Esq.. 7, Palace Gate, Kensington, W.
Brewster, Charles 0., Esq., LTniversity Club, New York City, U.S.A.
Brighton Public Literary.
Brine, Vice- Admiral Lindesay.

British Guiana Royal Agricultural and Commercial .Societ}', Georgetown,
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Brock, Robert C. H., Esq., 16r2, Walnut-street, Philadelphia.
Brodrick, Hon. G., Merton College, Oxford.
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Brooklyn Mercantile Librarj-, per Mr. E. G. Allen.
Brown, Arthur W. W., E.sq., 37, Evelj-n Mansions, Carlisle-place, Vicf.iria-

street, S.W.
Brown, General J. Marshall, 218, Middle-street, Portland, Maine, U.S.A.

Crown, H. T., Esq., Rnorleye House, Chester.

Brown, J. Allen, Esq., J.P., 7, Kent-gardens, Ealing.

Rrown, J. Nicholas, Esq., per Messrs. Ellis & Elvej^, 29, New Bond-st., ^Y.

Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (H. L. Koopnian, Librarian).

Buda-Pesth, the Geogiaphical Institute of the University of.

Bunting, W. L. Esq. , The Steps, Broinsgrove.

Burgess, Jas., Esq., C.I.E., LL.D. , 22, Seton-place, Edinburgh.

Burns, J. W., Esq., Kilmahew, Dumbartonshire.

Buxton. E. North, Esq., Knighton, Buckhurst-hill.

Cambridge University Li)>rary, per Mr. Eccles.

Canada, The Parliament Librarj-, per Mr. E. G. Allen.

Cardiff Public Library, Cardiff (.1. Ballinger, Esq., Librarian).

Carles, W. R., Esq., British Consulate, Tientsin, China.

Carlton Club, Pall-mall.

Carlisle, The Rt. Hon. the Earl of, Naworth Castle. Bampton, Cumberland.

Carnegie Library, Pittsburgh, U.S.A., per Mr. Stechert.

Chamberlain. Right Hon. Joseph, M.P., 40, Princes-gardens, S.W.

Chambers, Lieut. B. M., R.X., H.M.S. " Flora," S.E. Coast of America.

Chetham's Librarj% Hunt's Bank, Manchester.

Chicago Public Library, per Messrs. Stevens and Brown.

Christ Church, Oxford.

Christiania University Library, c/o Messrs. T. Bennett and Sons, Christiania,

per Messrs. Casselland Co., Ludgate Hill.
Church, Col. G. Earl, 216, Cromwell-road, S.W.
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Clark, J. W., Esq., Scrocpe House, Trumpington-street, Cambridge.
Colgau, Nathaniel, Esq., 15, Breffin -terrace, Sandycove, co. Dublin.
Colonial Office (The), Downing-street, S.W.
Constable, Archibald, Esq., India.

Conway, Sir W. Martin, The Red House, Hornton-street, W.
Cooper, Lieut.-Col. E. H., 42, Portman-square, W.
Copenhagen Royal Library, c/o Messrs. Lehman and Stage, Coj)enhagen, per

Messrs. Sampson Low.
Cora, Professor Guido, M.A., Via Goito, 2, Rome.
C(jrnell University, per Mr. E. G. Allen.
Corning, C. R., Esq-jy^g^j^^j^^^jj^ g.j^ Switzerland.
Cormng, H. K., Esq. J '

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U.S.A.
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Cunningham, Lieut.-Col. G., Junior U.S. Club, Charles-street, S.W.
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Danish Royal Naval Library, per Messrs. Sampson Low (Foreign Dept.).

Davis, Hon. N. Darnell, C.M.G., Georgetown, Demerara, British Guiana.

De Bertodauo, B., Esq.. 22, Chester-terrace, Regent's-park, N.W.

Derby, The Earl of, c/o the Rev. J. Richardson, Knowsley, Prescot.

Detroit Public Library, Michigan, LT.S.A.

Dijon University Librarj^ Rue Monge, Dijon.

Dorpat University, per Herr Koehler, 21, Tiiubchenweg, Leipzig.

Doubleday, H. Arthur, Esq., 2, Whitehall-gardens, S.W.

Dresden Geographical Society, per Herr P. E. Richter, Kleine Biiidergasse,

11, Dresden.
Droutskoy Lubetskj', S.A.S. le Prince, Kovensky per. 2, St. Petersburg.
Ducie, The Right Hon. Earl of, F.R.S., Tortworth Court, Falfield.
Didau and Co., Messrs., 37, Soho-square, W.

Eames, Wilberforce, Esq. .Lenox Liln-ary.SOO, Fifth av.'iino, N.-w Vork, U.S.A.,

jier Mr. B. V. Stevens.
Edinlmrgli I'uMic Liluiiry.

Edwanls, Kianois, Esq., 83, Higli-stivct, Miuylel.one, W.
Ellsworth, James \V., Esq., 2, We.st Kith Struct, Now Vork, U.S.A.
Elton, Charles L, Esq., Q.C., E.S.A., 10. (.'ranley-|ilace, Onslow-stiuare, S.W.

Faber, Reginald S.. E.sq., 90, liogcnfs Park-road, N.W.

Fanshawe, Admiral Sir Edw., (J.C.B., 74, Cromwell-ioad, S.W.

Fellow.s AtheuKum, per Messrs. Kegan Paid, Trcnich, Triiljnor, & Co.

Ferguson, D. W., Esq., 5, Bedford-place, Croydon.

Field, W. Hildreth, E.sq., 923, Madison-a venue. New Vork City, U.S.A.

Fisher, Arthur, Enq., St. Aubyn's, Tiverton, Devon.

Fitzgerald, Edward A., Esq., per Mr. Jas. Bain, 1, Haymarket, S.W.

Foreign Office (The), per Messrs. Eyre and S[)ottiswoode.

Foreign Office of Germany, Berlin, per Messrs. Asher and Co.

Forrest, G. W., Esq., CLE.. The Knowle, Brenchley, Kent.

Foster, William, Esq., India Office, S.W.

Fothergill, M. B., Esq., c/o Imperial 15ank of Persia, 25. Abchurc^h-lanc, E.C.

French, H. B., Esq., 429, Arch Street, Philadelphia, U.S.A.

Georg, Mous. H., Lyons, per Messrs. Sampson TiOw.

George, C. W., Esq., 51, Hampton-road, Bristol.

Gladstone Library, National Liberal Club, Whitehall-place, S.W.

Gla.sgow University Library, i)er Mr. Billings, 59, Old Bailey, E.C.

Godman, F. Du&xne, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S., 10, Chando.s-street, Cavendish-
square, W.

Gosch, C. A., Esq., 21, Stanhope-gardens, S.W.

Gosling, F. Goodwin, Esq., Hamilton, Bermuda.

Gosset, General M. W. E., C.B., Island Bridge House, Dublin.

Gottingen L^niversity Library, per Messrs. Asher and Co.

Grant-Dufif, Rt. Hon. Sir M. E.,G.C.S.I., 11, Chel.sea Embankment, S.W.

Gray, Albert, Esq., Catherine Lodge, Trafalgar Square, Chelsea, S.\\'.

Gray, M. H., Esq., India-rubber Companj', Silvertown, Essex.

Greever, C. 0., Esq., 1345, East Ninth-street, Des Moines, Iowa.

Grosvenor Library, Buffiilo, U.S.A.

Guildhall Library, E.C.

Guillemard, Arthur G., Esq., Eltham, Kent.

Guillemard, F. Henry H., Esq., M. A., M.D., The Old Mill House, Trumpington,
Cambridge.

Haig, Maj. -General Malcolm R., Rossweide, Davos Platz, Switzerland.
Hamburg Commerz-Bibliothek, c/o Herru Friederichsen and (Jo., Hamlmrg.

per Messrs. Drolenvaux and Bremner, 36, Gt. Tower-street, E.C.
Hannen, The Hon. H., Holne Cott, Ashburton, South Devon.
Harmsworth, A. C, Esq., Elmwood, St. Peter's, Kent.
Harri.son, Edwin, Esq., Church Gates, Cheshunt.
Harvard College, Cambridge, Ma.ssachusetts, per Messrs. Kegan Paul.
Harvie-Brown. J. A., Esq., Donipace, Larbort, Stirlingshire, N.B.
Haswell, Geo. H., Esq., Ashleigli, Hamstead Road, Handsworth, Birmingham.
Hawkesbury, The Rt. Hon. Lord, 2, Carlton House-terrace, S.AV.
Heap, Ralph, Esq., 1, Brick-court, Temple, E.C.

Heawood, Edward, E.sq., M. A., F.R.G.S., 3, Underhill-road, Lordship-lane, S.E.
Hervey, Dudley F. A., E.sq.. C.M.G., The Elm.s, Aldeburgh.
Hiersemann, Herr Karl W., 3, Konigsstrasse, Leipzig, per Mi-. Vonng T.

Pentland, 38, West Smithfield, E.C.
Hill, Professor G. W., West Nyack, New Vork.

Hippi.sley, A. E., E.sq., c/o J. D. Campbell, Es.p, C.M.G.,2G, Old Queen-st., S.W.
Hobhouse, C. E. H., E.sq., The Ridge. Corsham, Wilts.
Horner, J. F. Fortescue, Esq., Mells I'ark, Frome, Somersetshire, per

Mr. J. Bain.

Hoskiii.s, Admiral Sir Anthonj- H.. G.C.B., 17, Moutagu-square, W.
Hoyt Public Librarj^, per Messrs. Sotherau and Co., 140, Strand.
Hubbard, Hon. Gardiner G., 1328, Uonnecticut-avenue, Washington, D.C.
Hudson, John E., Esq., 125, Milk-street, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
Hiigel, Baron A. von. Curator, University Museum, Cambridge.
Hull Public Library (W. F. Lavvtou, Esq., Libi-ariau).
Hull Subscription Lil)rary, per Messrs. Foster, Fore-street.

Im Thuru, E. F., Esq., C.B., C.M.G. , 23, Edwardes-square, Kensington, W.

India Office (20 copies).

Inner Temple, Hon. Societj' of the (.f. E. L. Pickering, Esq., Librarian).

James, Arthur C, Esq., 92. Park-avenue, Xew York, U.S.A.
James, Walter B., Esq., M.D., 268, Madison-avenue, Xew York.
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, U.S.A., per Mr. E. G. Allen.
Johnson, General Sir Allen B., 60, Lexham-gardens, Cromwell-road, S.W.
Johnson, Rev. S. J., F.R.A.S.. Melplash Vicarage, Bridport.

Kearton, G. J. Malcolm, Esq., F.R.G.S., 28, Fenchurch Street, E.C.

Keltic, J. Scott, Esq., LL.D., 1, Savile-row, W.

Kelvin, The Rt. Hon. Lord, F.R.S., LL.D., Netherhall, Largs, Ayrshire.

Key, John J., Esq., Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S.A.

Kinder, C. W., Esq., C.M.G.. Tongshan, North China.

King's Inns Library, Henrietta-street, Dublin.

Kimberley Public Library, per Messrs. Sotheran and Co., Strand.

Kitching, J.. Esq., Oaklands, Kingston Hill, S.W.

Kleinseich, M., per Mr. Wohlleben, 45, Gt. Russell-street, W. C. (3 roph'x).

Larchmout Yacht Club, Larchmont, N.Y.. LT.S.A. (F. D. Shaw, Esq.,

Chairman of Library Committee).
Leechman, C. B., Esq., 10, Earl's-coui't-gardens, S.W.
Leeds Library, Commercial- street, Leeds.
Lehigh Universitj-, U.S.A.
Leipzig, Library of the University of, per Herr 0. Harrassowitz, Leipzig

(Messrs. W. We.slej^ and Son).
Lewis, Walter H., Esq., 11, East 35th-street, New York City, U.S.A.
Levy, Judah. Esq., 17, Greville-place, N.W.
Liverpool Free Public Librarj'.
Liverpool Geographical Society (Capt. D. Phillips, R.N., Secretary), 14,

Hargreaves-buildiugs, Chapel-street. Liverpool.
Loch, Right Hon. Lord. G.C.B., G.C.M.G., 23, Lowndes-square, S.W.
Loescher, Messrs. J., & Co., Via del Corso, 307, Rome, per Messrs;. Sampson

Low.
Logan, Daniel, Esq., Solicitor-General, Penaug, Straits Settlements.
Logan, William, Esq., per Messrs. Grindlay & Co., 54, Parliament-street.
London Institution, Finsbury-circus.
London Liljrarj^ 12, St. .Tames's-square.
Long Island Historical Society, Brooklyn, U.S.A.
Lowrej', Joseph, Esq., The Hermitage, Loughton.
Lucas, C. P., Esq., Colonial Office, S.W.

Lucas, F. W., Esq., 21, Surrey-street, Victoria Embankment, W.C.
Luyster, S. B., Esq., c/o Messrs. Denham iS: Co., 109, Southampton-row, W-,C.
Lydenberg, H. M. , Esq., Lenox Library, Fifth Avenue, New York.
Lyttelton-Annesley, Lieut. -Gen. A., Temjjlemert, Weybridge.

Macmillan & Bowes, Messrs., Cambridge, per Messr.s. Foster, Fore-sti-eet.

Macrae, C. C, Esq., 93, Onslow-gardensj S.W.

Manchester Public Free Libraries.

Manierre, George, Esq., 184, La Salle-street, Chicago, 111., U.S.A.

:Marges.son, Lieut. W. H. D., R.N., Fin.lon Place. Worthing.

Markhiuu, Viee-Adtuiral Albert H., F.lt.G.S., Hii, Linden -gardens, W.

Markliaiu, Sir Clements, K.C.B., F.K.S., '21, Kccleston-s»inarc, S.W.

Marqiiand, Henry. Esq., 160, Broadway, New York, U.S.A.

Martelli, K. W. , Esq., 4, New Sciuare, Lincoln's Inn, W. C.

Massachusetts Historical Society, 30, Trenioiit-street, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.,

per Messrs. Kegan Paul.
Massie, Capt. K. H., R.A.

Mathers, E. P., Esq., Glenaliuond, l''oxgruve-n>ad, Beckcnhaui.
Maudslay, A. P., Esq., 32, Mont()elier-square, Kuightsbriilgc, S.W.
McClymont. Jas. R., Esq., 201, Macquarie-.street, Hobart Town, Tasmania.
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Dublin Co.
Melbourne, Public Library of, per Messrs. Melville, Mullen & Slade, 12

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Meyjes, A. C, Esq., 42, Cannon-street, E.C.

Michell, Lewis W., Escj., Standard Bank of South Africa, Cape Town.
Michigan, U^niversity of, per Messrs. H. Sotheran & Co., 140, Strand, W.C.
Milwaukee Public Library, Wisconsin, per Mr. G. E. Stechert.
Minneapolis Athenwum, U.S.A., per Mr. G. E. Stechert, 2, Star-yard, W.C.
Mitchell Library, 21, Miller-street, Glasgow.

Mitchell, Alfred, Esq., per Messrs. Tiffany, 221, Regent-street, W.
Mitchell. Wm., Esq., c o Union Bank of Scotland, Holburn Branch, Aberdeen.
Monson, The Rt. Hon. Lord, C.V.O., Clarence House, St. James"s, S.W.
Morgan, E. Delmar, Esq., 1.5, Roland-gardens, South Kensington, S.W.
Morris, H. C. L., Esq., M.D., Gothic Cottage, Bognor, Sussex,
^[orris, Mowbray, Esq., 59a, Brook street, Grosvenor square, W.
]\Io.xon, A. E., Esq., c o Mrs. Gough, The Lodge, Sculdern, near Banbury,
^lukhopadhyay, The Hon. Dr. Asutosh, M.A., LL.D., etc., etc., 77, Russa-road

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Munich Roj'al Librarj', per Messrs. Asher & Co.

Nathan, Major, C.JLG., R.E., 11, Pembridge-square, W.

Naval and Military Club, 94, Piccadilly, W.

Netherlands, Geographical Society of the, per Mr. Nutt, 57, Long Acre. "

Nettleship, E., Esq., c/o R. S. Whiteway, Esq., Brownscombe, Shottermill,

Surrey.
Newberry Library, The, Chicago, L^.S.A., per Messrs. Stevens &. Brown.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne Literary and Scientific Institute.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne Public Library.
New London Public Library, Conn., U.S.A.
New York Athletic Club, Central Park, South, New York (John C. Gulick,

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New York Pviblic Librarj', jier Messrs. Stevens & Brown.

New York State Libraiy, jier Mr. G. K. Stechert, 2, Star-yard, Carey-st., W.C.
New York Yacht Club (Lilnary Committee), 67, Madison-avenue, New York

City, U.S.A.
New Zealand, Agent-General for, per Messrs. Sotheran & Co.
Nicholson, Sir Charles, Bart., D.C.L., The Grange, Totteridge, Herts.
Nijhotf, M., per Mr. D. Nutt, 57, Long Acre, W.C.
Nordenskiold. Baron, 11, Tradgardsgatan, Stockholm.

North Adams Public Library, Massachusetts, U^.S.A. [Station.

Northbrook, The Right Hon. the Earl of, G.C.S.I., Stratton, Micheldever
North, Hon. F. H., E 2, The Albany, W.
Northumberland, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., c/o J. C. Hodgson, Esq.,

Alnwick Castle.

O'Byrne, P. Ju.stin, Esq.. "British- Indian Commerce," 21, St. Helcn's-place, E.C.

Oliver, Captain S. P., Findoii. near Worthing.

Oliver, Commander T. W., R.N., 16, De Parys-avenue, Bedford.

Omaha Public Library, Nebraska, U.S.A.

Ommannej-, Admiral Sir Erasmu.s, C.B., F.R.S.,29,Connaugbt-sq., Hyde Pai-k.

Oriental Club. Hanover-square, W.

Parml}', Duncan D., Esq., 160, Broadwaj', New York.
Paj'ne. E. J., Esq., 2, Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
Peabody Institute, Baltimore, U.S., per Mr. E. G. Allen.
Peckover, Alexander, Esq., Bank House, Wisbech.
Peech, W. H., Esq., St. Stephen's Club, Westminster.
Peek, Sir Cuthbert E., Bart., 22, Belgrave-square, S.W.
Peixoto, Dr. J. Kodrigues, 8, Rue Almte. Comandare, Rio de Janeiro.
Pequot Library, Southport, Conn., U.S.A.
Petherick, E. A., Esq., 85, Hopton-road, Streatham, S.W.

Philadelphia Free Library, U.S.A., per Mr. G. E. Stechert, 2, Star-yard, W.C.
Philadelphia, Library Company of, U.S.A., per Mr. E. G. Allen.
Poor, F. B., Esq., 160, Broadway, New York, U.S.A.

Poor, Henrj' W., E.sq., per Messrs. Deuham & Co., 109, Southampton-
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Pope, Alexander, Esq., Methven House, Kiug's-road, Kingston-on-Thames.
Portico Librarj', Manchester.
Pringle, Arthur T., Esq., c/o Messrs. G. W. Wheatley & Co.. 10, Queen-st., E.C.

Quaritch, Mr. B., 15, Piccadilh% W. (12 copies).

Rabbits, AV. Thos., Esq., 6, Ca.logan Gardens, S.W.

Raffles Library, Singapore, i^er Messrs. Jones & Evans, Queen-street, E.C.

Ravenstein, E. G., Esq.. 2, York Mansions, Battersea Park, S.W.

Reform Club, Pall-malL

Reggio, Andre C., Esq.. c/o Messrs. Baring Bros, -k Co., 8, Bishopsgate-street

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Rhodes, Josiah, Esq.. The Elms, Lytham, Lancashire.
Richards, Admiral Sir F. "W., G.C.B., 13, Great Russell Mansions, W.C.
Riggs, E. F., Esq., 1311, Mass. Avenue, Washington, U.S.
Riugwalt, John S., Jun., Esq., Mt. Vernon, Knox Countj', Ohio, U.S.A.
Rittenhouse Club, 1811, Walnut-street, Philadelphia, U.S.A.
Rockhill, The Hon. W. W., Department of State, Washington.
Rodd, Sir Rennell, C.B., K.C.]\[.G., c/o Foreign Office, Downiug-strcet, S.W.
Rohrscheid and Ebbecke, Herrn, Strauss'sche Buchhandlung, Bonn.
Rose, C. D., Esq., 10, Austin Friars, E.C.
Royal Artillery Institute, Woolwich.

Royal Colonial Institute, Northumberland Avenue, W.C.
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Royal Geographical Society, 1, Savile-row, W. {copies presented).
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CLE., Librarian).

Royal Societies Club, St. James's .street, S.W.

Royal United Service Institution, Whitehall, S.W.

Russell, Lady A., 2, Audley-square, W.

Rutherford, Rev. W. Gunion, D.D., Westminster School, S.W.

Ryley, J. Horton, Esq.. 1 at i aa- i ^ i t-> i • i o i^

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Ryley, Mrs. l<lorence, LL.A., ) ' ' '

St. Andrew's Universitj-.

St. Deiniol's Library, Hawarden (Rev. G. C. Joyce, Librarian).

St. John's, N. B., Canada, Free Public Library (J. R. Ruel, Esq., Chairman).

St. Louis Mercantile Library, per Mr. G. E. Stechert. 2, Star-yard, W.C.

St. Martin's-in-the-Fields Free Public Library, 115, St. Martiu's-laue, W.C.

St. Petersburg University Library, per Messrs. Kegan Paul.

St. AVladiuiir Uiiiveisity, Kief, per Messrs. Sotbermi & Co., 1 10, Str.md.

Sail Francisco I'uMic Library, per Mr. G. E. Stecliert.

Satow, H. E. Sir E., K.C.M.G., British Legation, Tekiiig.

Saunders, Howard, Esq., 7, Radnor-place, Gloucester-s(juare, \\'.

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Schwartz, J. L.. Esij., P.O. Box oi* 1. i'ittslnng. I'a.

Science and Art Department, Soutli Kensington.

Schiter, Dr. \V. L., South African Miiseiun, Cajje of Good Hope.

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Seymour, Vice-Admiral Sir E. H., K.C.H., 9, Ovington-square, S.W.

Sheffield Free Public Libraries (Samuel Smith, Esq., Librarian).

Shields. Cuthbert, Escj., Corpus Christi College, Oxford.

Signet Library, Edinburgh (Thos. G. Law, Esq., Librarian).

Silver, S. W., Esq., 3, York-gate, Regent's Paik, N.W.

Sinclair, Mrs., c/o Messrs. H. S. King & Co., Pall i\Iall, S.W.

Smith, F. A., Esq., Thorncliif, Shoot-up-Hill, N.

Smithers, F.O., Esq., F.R.G.S., Dashwood House, 9, New Broad-street, E.G.

Sneddon, Geo. T., Esq., 8, Merry-street, Motherwell.

Societa Geografica Italiaua, Rome.

Socicte de G^ographie, Paris, per Mr. J. Arnould, Royal Mint Refiuery, Royal

Mint-street, E.C.
South African Public Library, per Messrs. H. S. King & Co. , 65, Cornhill.

E.C.
Southam, S. Clement, Esq., F.S.A., F.R.G.S., F.R.Hist.S.. F.R.S.L.,

Elmhurst, Shrewsbury.
Springtield City Library As.sociation, Mass., L'.S.A.

Stairs, James W., Esq., e/o Messrs. Stairs, Son and Morrow, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Stanley, Right Hon. Lord, of Alderley, 1.5, Grosvenor-gardens, S.^V.
Stephens, Henry C, Esq., M.P., Chalderton, Salisbury.
Stevens, J. Tyler, Esq., Park-street, Lowell, Mass., U.S.A.
Stevens, Son. & Stiles, Messns.. 39, Great Russell-street, W.C.
Stockholm, Royal Library of, pei' Messrs. Sampson Low.
Stockton Public Librarj', per Messrs. Sotherau & Co., 140, Stiand.
Strachej', Lady, 69, Lancaster-gate, Hyde-park, W.
Stride, Mrs. Arthur L., Bush Hall. Hatfield, Herts.
Stringer, G. A., Esq., 248, Georgia-street, Buffalo, N.Y., U.S.A.
Stubbs, Captain Edward, R.N., 13, Greentield-road. Stoueycroft, Livcipool.
Sydney Free Library, per Mr. Young J. Pentlaiid, 38, West Smithfield, K.C.
Sykes, Major ]*. Molesworth, H.M.'s Consul at Kenuan, I'ersia, i/m Tehran.

Tate, G. P., Esq., c/o Messrs. W. Watson & Co., Karachi, India.

Taylor, Captain A\'illiam R., 1, Daysbrook-road, Streatliani Hill, S.W.

Temple, Lieut.-Col. R. C, C.I.E., per Messrs. Kegan Paul.

Thin, Mr. Jas., f)4, 55, South Bridge, Edinburgh, per Mr. Billings. 59, Old

Bailey, E.C.
Thomson. B. H., Esq., Governors House, H.M.'s Prison, Northampton.
Tighe, W. S., Coalmouey, Stratford-on-Slaney, Co. Wicklow.
Toronto Public Library. ] ^i r-, o c,

Toronto Univer-sity. | per Messrs. Cazenove & Son.

Transvaal State Libraiy, Pretoria, Transvaal, South Africa, per Mcssr.-.. Mudic

Travellers' Club, 106, Pall-mall, S.W.

Trinder, H. W., Usq., Northbrook House, Bishops Waltham, Hants.

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Sirnpkin, Marshall & Co. (Enelo. Dept.).
Trinity House, The Hon. Corporation of, Tower-hill, K.C.
Troop, W. H., Esq., e/o ^lessrs. Black Bros. & Co., Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Trotter. Coutts. E.S(p. Atheiiiuum Club, S.W
Trilbner, Herr Karl. Strasburg, ]ier Messrs Kegan Paul.
TurubuU, Alex. H., Esq., 7, St. Helen's-plaee, Bishopsgate-street, E.C.

Uniou League Club, Broad-street, Philadeljihia, U.S.A.

Uuioo Socfety, Oxford, per Messrs. Cawthoru & Hutt, 24, Cockspur-street.

United States Congress, Library of, per Mr. E. G. Allen.

United States National Museum (Library of), per MessriS. W. Wesley & Sou

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United States Naval Academy, per Messrs. Stevens & Brown.
University of Loudon, per Messrs. Sotheran & Co., 37, Piccadilly, W.
Upsala University Library, per C. J. Luudstrom, Upsala.

Van Kaalte, Charles, Esq., Aldeuham Abbey, Watford, Herts.

Vienna Imperial Library, per Messrs. Asher & Co.

Vignaud, Henry, Esq., Ambassade des Etats Unis, 18, Avenue Kleber, Paris.

Wahab, Mrs., Knowle, Godalmiug.

Ward, Admiral Hon. W. J., 79, Davies-street, Berkeley-square, W.

Warren, W. R., Esq., 81, Fultou-street, New York City, U.S.A.

Washington, Department of State, per Messrs. Stevens & Brown.

Washington, Library of Navy Department, per Messrs. Stevens & Brown.

Watkinson Library, Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.A.

Watson, Commander, K.N.R., Ravella, Crosby, near Liveri)ool.

Webster, Sir Augustus, Bart., Guards' Club, 70, Pall-mall.

Weld, Rev. Geo. F., Hingham, Mass., U.S.A.

Westminster School (Rev. G. H. Nail, M.A., Librarian).

Wbarton, Rear-Admiial SirW. J. L., K.C.B., Florys, Princes-road, Wimbledon

Park, S.W.
Wildy, A.G., Esq., H, Buckiugham-street, W.C.
Williams, 0. W., Esq., Fort Stockton, Texas, U.S.A.
Wilson, Edward S., Esq., Melton Grange, Brough, East Yorkshire.
Wisconsin State Historical Society, per Messrs. Sotheran & Co., 140, Strand.
Worcester, Massachusetts, Free Library, per Messrs. Kegan Paul.
Wright, John, Esq. , 2, Challouer Terrace West, South Shields.
Wyndham, Geo., E.sq., M.P., 44, Belgrave-square, W.

Yale College, U.S.A., per Mr. E. G. Allen.

Young, Alfales, Esq., Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A.

Young, Sir Allen, C.B., IS, Grafton -street, W.

Young & Sous, Messrs. H., 12, South Castle Street, Liverpool.

Ziirich, Bibliotheque de la ^'ille, care of Messrs. Orell, Turli & Co., Zurich, per
Mr. D. Nutt.

14 DAY USE

RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED

LOAN DEPT.

This book is due on the last date stamped below, or

on the date to which renewed.

Renewed books are subject to immediate recall.

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General Library

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GENERAL LIBRARY U.C. BERKELEY

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